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Author |
Simon Thomas, Pierre-Louis Blelly, Aurelie Marchaudon, Julian Eisenbeis, Samuel Bird |
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Title  |
Simulating the Response of the Ionosphere in IPIM to Extreme Space Weather |
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Communication |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
AGU Fall Meeting 2021, 13-17 December 2021, New Orleans, USA |
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2021 |
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Pages |
SM45C-2291 |
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The IRAP Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model (IPIM) is an ionospheric model which describes the transport equations of ionospheric plasma species along magnetic closed field lines. As input, the previous iteration of IPIM used basic models to provide estimations of the solar wind conditions, convection, and precipitation within the ionosphere. In this presentation, we discuss the development of a new operational version of IPIM as part of the EUHFORIA project to monitor and forecast space weather conditions and hazards. The developments of the model include using in-situ solar wind observations from the OMNI data set, ionospheric radar data of plasma motions from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), and precipitation data from the Ovation model, as inputs to the model. A new conductivity module for low latitudes has also been developed for help in the simulation of geomagnetically induced currents. We present the first results from the latest IPIM version which explore the ionosphere's response to different solar wind conditions, before focussing on an extreme coronal mass ejection on 14th July 2012 with clear magnetic cloud and southward magnetic field. For this event, we explore simulations of important plasma properties of the ionosphere and compare with previous model iterations and all available observations and hence describe the skill of using IPIM as a space weather forecasting tool. |
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8524 |
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Title |
Similar circling movements observed across marine megafauna taxa |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
iScience |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
102221 |
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Keywords |
Animals Biological Sciences Ecology Ethology Zoology |
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Advances in biologging technology have enabled 3D dead-reckoning reconstruction of marine animal movements at spatiotemporal scales of meters and seconds. Examining high-resolution 3D movements of sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier, N = 4; Rhincodon typus, N = 1), sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, N = 3), penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus, N = 6), and marine mammals (Arctocephalus gazella, N = 4; Ziphius cavirostris, N = 1), we report the discovery of circling events where animals consecutively circled more than twice at relatively constant angular speeds. Similar circling behaviors were observed across a wide variety of marine megafauna, suggesting these behaviors might serve several similar purposes across taxa including foraging, social interactions, and navigation. |
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394 |
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2589-0042 |
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yes |
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8095 |
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Similar at-sea behaviour but different habitat use between failed and successful breeding albatrosses |
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Journal |
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2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
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678 |
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183-196 |
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Keywords |
Behavioural state Breeding failure Foraging behaviour Habitat models Inter-individual variability Procellariiformes Thalassarche carteri |
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Breeding failure is expected to induce behavioural changes in central place foragers. Indeed, after a failed reproductive attempt, breeding individuals are relieved from having to return to their breeding site for reproductive duties and thus are less constrained than successful breeders in their movements during the remainder of the breeding season. Accordingly, they are expected to adjust their behaviour, travelling longer in distance and/or time to reach foraging grounds. They are also expected to use different foraging areas to decrease local intra-specific competition with successful breeders. We compared the at-sea behaviour and habitat use of successful and failed Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses nesting in Amsterdam Island, Southern Indian Ocean, during 2 chick-rearing seasons. Failed breeders exhibited the same at-sea foraging behaviour, travelling as far and as long as successful breeders. They also spent the same amount of time on their nest between at-sea trips. Nevertheless, habitat models revealed partial spatial segregation of failed breeders, which used specific foraging areas characterized by deeper and colder waters in addition to the areas they shared with successful breeders. Our study shows the importance of combining a range of analytical methods (spatial analysis, behavioural inferences with advanced movement models and habitat models) to infer the at-sea behaviour and habitat use of seabirds. It also stresses the importance of considering individual breeding status when aiming to understand the spatial distribution of individuals, especially when this information may have conservation implications. |
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109 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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8436 |
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Title |
Sharing wintering grounds does not synchronize annual survival in a high Arctic seabird, the little auk |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
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676 |
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233-242 |
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Keywords |
Alle alle Capture-mark-recapture Geolocator Migration Non-breeding distribution Synchrony |
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Sharing the same wintering grounds by avian populations breeding in various areas may synchronize fluctuations in vital rates, which could increase the risk of extinction. Here, by combining multi-colony tracking with long-term capture-recapture data, we studied the winter distribution and annual survival of the most numerous Arctic seabird, the little auk Alle alle. We assessed whether little auks from different breeding populations in Svalbard and Franz Josef Land use the same wintering grounds and if this leads to synchronized survival. Our results indicate that birds from the Svalbard colonies shared similar wintering grounds, although differences existed in the proportion of birds from each colony using the different areas. Little auks from Franz Josef Land generally spent the winter in a separate area, but some individuals wintered in the Iceland Sea with Svalbard populations. Survival data from 3 Svalbard colonies collected in 2005-2018 indicated that sharing wintering grounds did not synchronize little auk annual survival rates. However, it is clear that the Iceland Sea is an important wintering area for little auks, and environmental changes in this area could have widespread impacts on many populations. |
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388 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8419 |
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Title |
Sexual segregation in a sexually dimorphic seabird: a matter of spatial scale |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Peer Community in Ecology |
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1 |
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100025 |
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A recommendation of: Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Akiko Kato, Paco Bustamante, Yves Cherel Sexual segregation in a highly pagophilic and sexually dimorphic marine predator https://doi.org/10.1101/472431 |
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109 |
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2606-4979 |
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8434 |
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Author |
Mike Lockwood, Carl Haines, Luke A. Barnard, Mathew J. Owens, Chris J. Scott, Aude Chambodut, Kathryn A. McWilliams |
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Title |
Semi-annual, annual and Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere and in geomagnetic activity: 4. Polar Cap motions and origins of the Universal Time effect |
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2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate |
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11 |
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15 |
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139 |
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2115-7251 |
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yes |
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8076 |
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Author |
Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord |
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Title |
Selection against immigrants in wild seabird populations |
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2021 |
Publication |
Ecology Letters |
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24 |
Issue |
1 |
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84-93 |
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Keywords |
Dispersal fitness immigrant seabirds sex-biased dispersal |
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109 |
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1461-0248 |
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yes |
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8418 |
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Title |
Seasonal variation of mercury contamination in Arctic seabirds: A pan-Arctic assessment |
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Journal |
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2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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750 |
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Pages |
142201 |
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Keywords |
Feathers Metal Polar Seasonal variation Top predators |
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Mercury (Hg) is a natural trace element found in high concentrations in top predators, including Arctic seabirds. Most current knowledge about Hg concentrations in Arctic seabirds relates to exposure during the summer breeding period when researchers can easily access seabirds at colonies. However, the few studies focused on winter have shown higher Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period than breeding period in several tissues. Hence, improving knowledge about Hg exposure during the non-breeding period is crucial to understanding the threats and risks encountered by these species year-round. We used feathers of nine migratory alcid species occurring at high latitudes to study bird Hg exposure during both the breeding and non-breeding periods. Overall, Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period were ~3 times higher than during the breeding period. In addition, spatial differences were apparent within and between the Atlantic and Pacific regions. While Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period were ~9 times and ~3 times higher than during the breeding period for the West and East Atlantic respectively, Hg concentrations in the Pacific during the non-breeding period were only ~1.7 times higher than during the breeding period. In addition, individual Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period for most of the seabird colonies were above 5 ?g g?1 dry weight (dw), which is considered to be the threshold at which deleterious effects are observed, suggesting that some breeding populations might be vulnerable to non-breeding Hg exposure. Since wintering area locations, and migration routes may influence seasonal Hg concentrations, it is crucial to improve our knowledge about spatial ecotoxicology to fully understand the risks associated with Hg contamination in Arctic seabirds. |
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ISSN |
0048-9697 |
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yes |
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8026 |
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Author |
Anzhou Cao, Zheng Guo, Xiaoyu Qi, Peiliang Li, Hailun He |
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Title |
Seasonal and nodal variations of predominant tidal constituents in the global ocean |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Continental Shelf Research |
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Volume |
217 |
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Pages |
104372 |
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Keywords |
Fitting Modified two-step harmonic analysis Nodal modulation Seasonal variation Tide gauge Tides |
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Tides are one of the basic types of ocean water motions. Previous studies have reported that the M2 constituent exhibits seasonal variations (annual cycles) in some regions. However, based on the newly proposed method of modified two-step harmonic analysis (HA) and its application at 240 global tide gauges, we find that the M2 constituent as well as the S2 and K1 do not have significant seasonal variations at these tide gauges. The seasonal variations of the M2 constituent reported in previous studies are caused by its satellites, the H1 and H2 constituents, which are not resolved in these studies due to the short time window (one month or three months) used in HA. Because the frequency of the H1 (H2) constituent is equal to that of the M2 minus (plus) the frequency of annual cycles, the superposition of the M2, H1 and H2 constituents with constant amplitudes is equivalent to the M2 constituent with seasonally varying amplitudes. Compared with the new method, some adaptations to traditional HA aiming to capture variations in amplitudes and phase lags of constituents have some limitations, because they either neglect some satellites of the major constitutes or introduce spurious fluctuations resulting from an unreasonably large number of independent points. The nodal modulations of predominant constituents are also explored in this study. On the global scale, the nodal modulations of the M2, K1 and O1 constituents agree with the theoretical predictions, except a cold spot region with reduced nodal modulation in the Gulf of Maine and a hot spot region with enhanced nodal modulation in the South China Sea for the M2. Nodal modulation is also found for the S2 constituent (in theory, the S2 has no nodal modulation), which is 0.8% averaged at 164 tide gauges where the S2 is not too weak. |
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688 |
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0278-4343 |
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yes |
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8032 |
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Title |
Seabird population changes following mammal eradication at oceanic Saint-Paul Island, Indian Ocean |
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2021 |
Publication |
Journal for Nature Conservation |
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63 |
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126049 |
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Island restoration Petrels Population growth rate Rats Shearwaters Terns |
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109 |
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1617-1381 |
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8459 |
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