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Sprovieri, F., Pirrone, N., Bencardino, M., D'Amore, F., Angot, H., Barbante, C., Brunke, E.G., Arcega-Cabrera, F., Cairns, W., Comero, S., Diéguez, M.D.C., Dommergue, A., Ebinghaus, R., Feng, X.B., Fu, X., Garcia, P.E., Gawlik, B.M., Hageström, U., Hansson, K., Horvat, M., Kotnik, J., Labuschagne, C., Magand, O., Martin, L., Mashyanov, N., Mkololo, T., Munthe, J., Obolkin, V., Islas, M.R., Sena, F., Somerset, V., Spandow, P., Vardè, M., Walters, C., Wängberg, I., Weigelt, A., Yang, X., Zhang, H. |
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Title  |
Five-year records of Total Mercury Deposition flux at GMOS sites in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Atmos. chem. phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
2689-2708 |
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1028 |
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1680-7324 |
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yes |
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6558 |
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Cristofari Robin, Bertorelle Giorgio, Ancel André, Benazzo Andrea, Le Maho Yvon, Ponganis Paul J., Stenseth Nils Christian, Trathan Phil N., Whittington Jason D., Zanetti Enrico, Zitterbart Daniel P., Trucchi Emiliano & Le Bohec Céline |
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Title |
Full circumpolar migration ensures evolutionary unity in the Emperor penguin |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Nature communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
11842 |
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Abstract |
Defining reliable demographic models is essential to understand the threats of ongoing environmental change. Yet, in the most remote and threatened areas, models are often based on the survey of a single population, assuming stationarity and independence in population responses. This is the case for the Emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri, a flagship Antarctic species that may be at high risk continent-wide before 2100. Here, using genome-wide data from the whole Antarctic continent, we reveal that this top-predator is organized as one single global population with a shared demography since the late Quaternary. We refute the view of the local population as a relevant demographic unit, and highlight that (i) robust extinction risk estimations are only possible by including dispersal rates and (ii) colony-scaled population size is rather indicative of local stochastic events, whereas the species’ response to global environmental change is likely to follow a shared evolutionary trajectory. |
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137 |
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2041-1723 |
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yes |
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6532 |
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Author |
Willener A.S.T., Handrich Y., Halsey L.G. & S. Strike |
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Title |
Fat king Penguins are less Steady on their feet. |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Plos one |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e0147784 |
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Abstract |
Returning to the shore after a feeding sojourn at sea, king penguins often undertake a relatively long terrestrial journey to the breeding colony carrying a heavy, mostly frontal, accumulation of fat along with food in the stomach for chick-provisioning. There they must survive a fasting period of up to a month in duration, during which their complete reliance on endogenous energy stores results in a dramatic loss in body mass. Our aim was to determine if the king penguin’s walking gait changes with variations in body mass. We investigated this by walking king penguins on a treadmill while instrumented with an acceleration data logger. The stride frequency, dynamic body acceleration (DBA) and posture of fat (pre-fasting; 13.2 kg) and slim (post fasting; 11 kg) king penguins were assessed while they walked at the same speed (1.4km/h) on a treadmill. Paired statistical tests indicated no evidence for a difference in dynamic body acceleration or stride frequency between the two body masses however there was substantially less variability in both leaning angle and the leaning amplitude of the body when the birds were slimmer. Furthermore, there was some evidence that the slimmer birds exhibited a decrease in waddling amplitude. We suggest the increase in variability of both leaning angle and amplitude, as well as a possibly greater variability in the waddling amplitude, is likely to result from the frontal fat accumulation when the birds are heavier, which may move the centre of mass anteriorly, resulting in a less stable upright posture. This study is the first to use accelerometry to better understand the gait of a species within a specific ecological context: the considerable body mass change exhibited by king penguins. |
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394 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6516 |
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Author |
A. Haned, E. Stutzmann, M. Schimmel, S. Kiselev, A. Davaille and A. Yelles-Chaouche |
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Title |
Global tomography using seismic hum |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Geophysical journal international |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
204 |
Issue |
2 |
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133 |
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ISSN |
0956-540X |
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yes |
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Serial |
6554 |
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Author |
Marianne Gabirot, Jérôme Mardon, Sylvie Campagna, Nigel West, Francesco Bonadonna, and Sandra M. Saunders |
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Title |
Guidelines for collecting and extracting avian odors in remote field: Case study of a subantarctic seabird |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Pages |
435-460 |
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Abstract |
in Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 13. Recent research on avian chemical signalling has highlighted the need for new appropriate protocols especially for sampling, and analyzing, compounds borne by individuals Although many studies have already examined the chemical substances secreted by birds, only few works have done so from the perspective of chemical communication and none have focused on the actual airborne compounds which make up the final odor. As well as the relative infancy of the field, this gap originates from the absence of an appropriate methodological framework. In this study, we provide a methodological guideline of various combinations of sampling and extraction techniques that have been developed and tested in our research. These include: analysis of (i) uropygial secretion samples by solvent extraction, (ii) feather lipids by solvent extraction, (iii) feather lipids by direct solid-phase thermal desorption, (iv) cotton swab (rubbed on bird) by solid phase microextraction, (v) cotton swab by direct solid-phase thermal desorption and (vi) airborne volatiles by thermal desorption. To achieve this, we used the particular case study of blue petrels (Halobaena caerulea), a Sub-antarctic procellariiform seabird, living on remote islands and known for its good olfactory capabilities. Outcomes from the different methods are presented in terms of chromatographic quality, the number and properties of the analytes resolved and their suitability for the work in isolated locations. Advantages and limitations of each method are discussed together with challenges that remain to make the new protocols presented more robust for field chemo-ecologists. |
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354 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6535 |
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Author |
Young, D. A., Roberts, J. L., Ritz, C., Frezzotti, M., Quartini, E., Cavitte, M. G. P., Tozer, C. R., Steinhage, D., Urbini, S., Corr, H. F. J., Van Ommen, T., and Blankenship, D. D. |
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Title |
High resolution boundary conditions of an old ice target near Dome C, Antarctica, |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The cryosphere discuss. |
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Volume |
2016 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-16 |
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Abstract |
Abstract. A high resolution (1 km line spacing) aerogeophysical survey was conducted over a region near the East Antarctic Ice Sheet's Dome C that may hold a 1.5 million year old climate record. New ice thickness data derived from an airborne coherent radar sounder was combined with unpublished data that was unavailable for earlier compilations. We find under the primary candidate region elevated rough topography, near a number of subglacial lakes, but also regions of smoother bed. The high resolution of this ice thickness dataset also allows us to explore the nature of ice thickness uncertainties in the context of radar geometry and processing. |
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902 |
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ISSN |
1994-0440 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6528 |
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Author |
Mazé-Guilmo, E., Blanchet, S., McCoy, K. D. & Loot, G. |
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Title |
Host dispersal as the driver of parasite genetic structure: a paradigm lost? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Ecology letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
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Abstract |
Understanding traits influencing the distribution of genetic diversity has major ecological and evolutionary implications for host–parasite interactions. The genetic structure of parasites is expected to conform to that of their hosts, because host dispersal is generally assumed to drive parasite dispersal. Here, we used a meta-analysis to test this paradigm and determine whether traits related to host dispersal correctly predict the spatial co-distribution of host and parasite genetic variation. We compiled data from empirical work on local adaptation and host–parasite population genetic structure from a wide range of taxonomic groups. We found that genetic differentiation was significantly lower in parasites than in hosts, suggesting that dispersal may often be higher for parasites. A significant correlation in the pairwise genetic differentiation of hosts and parasites was evident, but surprisingly weak. These results were largely explained by parasite reproductive mode, the proportion of free-living stages in the parasite life cycle and the geographical extent of the study; variables related to host dispersal were poor predictors of genetic patterns. Our results do not dispel the paradigm that parasite population genetic structure depends on host dispersal. Rather, we highlight that alternative factors are also important in driving the co-distribution of host and parasite genetic variation. |
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Programme |
1151 |
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ISSN |
1461-0248 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6550 |
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Author |
Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., Savarino, J., Frey, M. M., Kukui, A., Helmig, D., Jourdain, B., Jones, A., Weller, R., Brough, N., and Gallée, H |
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Title |
Inter-annual variability of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d’Urville, 2004-014) and inland (Concordia, 2007-2014) sites in East Antarctica |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
8053-8069 |
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Abstract |
Surface ozone has been measured since 2004 at the coastal East Antarctic site of Dumont d'Urville (DDU), and since 2007 at the Concordia station located on the high East Antarctic plateau. This paper discusses long-term changes, seasonal and diurnal cycles, as well as inter-annual summer variability observed at these two East Antarctic sites. At Concordia, near-surface ozone data were complemented by balloon soundings and compared to similar measurements done at the South Pole. The DDU record is compared to those obtained at the coastal site of Syowa, also located in East Antarctica, as well as the coastal sites of Neumayer and Halley, both located on the coast of the Weddell Sea in West Antarctica. Surface ozone mixing ratios exhibit very similar seasonal cycles at Concordia and the South Pole. However, in summer the diurnal cycle of ozone is different at the two sites with a drop of ozone in the afternoon at Concordia but not at the South Pole. The vertical distribution of ozone above the snow surface also differs. When present, the ozone-rich layer located near the ground is better mixed and deeper at Concordia (up to 400 m) than at the South Pole during sunlight hours. These differences are related to different solar radiation and wind regimes encountered at these two inland sites. DDU appears to be the coastal site where the impact of the late winter/spring bromine chemistry is the weakest, but where the impact of elevated ozone levels caused by NOx snow emissions from the high Antarctic plateau is the highest. The highest impact of the bromine chemistry is seen at Halley and Neumayer, and to a lesser extent at Syowa. These three sites are only weakly impacted by the NOx chemistry and the net ozone production occurring on the high Antarctic plateau. The differences in late winter/spring are attributed to the abundance of sea ice offshore from the sites, whereas those in summer are related to the topography of East Antarctica that promotes the katabatic flow bringing oxidant-rich inland air masses to the site. There appears to be a decreasing change in summer surface ozone at the two East Antarctic sites of Concordia and DDU over the most recent period (2004–2014 and 2007–2014). Further research, including continued monitoring, is needed at these two sites to better separate the effect of synoptic transport from possible change of NOx snow emissions in response to recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer leading to penetration of more UV radiation to the surface. |
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Programme |
414 |
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1680-7316 |
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yes |
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6542 |
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Author |
Masson-Delmotte, V., Gauthier, E., Grémillet, D., Huctin, JM, Swingedouw, D. (Editeurs) |
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Title |
Le Groenland - Climat, Ecologie, Société |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
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Abstract |
Editions du CNRS |
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388 |
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yes |
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6522 |
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Author |
Della Penna, A., Koubbi, P., Cotte, C., Bon, C., Bost, C.A., d'Ovidio, F. |
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Title |
Lagrangian analysis of multi-satellite data in support of open ocean Marine Protected Area design |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Deep-sea research part ii-topical studies in oceanography |
Abbreviated Journal |
Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. |
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Compared to ecosystem conservation in territorial seas, protecting the open ocean has peculiar geopolitical, economic and scientific challenges. One of the major obstacle is defining the boundary of an open ocean Marine Protected Area (MPA). In contrast to coastal ecosystems, which are mostly constrained by topographic structures fixed in time, the life of marine organisms in the open ocean is entrained by fluid dynamical structures like eddies and fronts, whose lifetime occurs on ecologically-relevant timescales. The position of these highly dynamical structures can vary interannually by hundreds of km, and so too will regions identified as ecologically relevant such as the foraging areas of marine predators. Thus, the expected foraging locations suggested from tracking data cannot be directly extrapolated beyond the year in which the data were collected. Here we explore the potential of Lagrangian methods applied to multisatellite data as a support tool for a MPA proposal by focusing on the Crozet archipelago oceanic area (Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean). By combining remote sensing with biologging information from a key marine top predator (Eudyptes chrysolophus, or Macaroni penguin) of the Southern Ocean foodweb, we identify a highly dynamic branch of the Subantarctic front as a foraging hotspot. By tracking this feature in historical satellite data (1993–2012) we are able to extrapolate the position of this foraging ground beyond the years in which tracking data are available and study its spatial variability. |
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394 |
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ISSN |
0967-0645 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6513 |
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