|
C. Tape, Q. Liu, A. Maggi, J. Tromp. (2009). Adjoint tomography of the southern California crust. Science, 325, 988–992.
Abstract: Using an inversion strategy based on adjoint methods, we developed a three-dimensional seismological model of the southern California crust. The resulting model involved 16 tomographic iterations, which required 6800 wavefield simulations and a total of 0.8 million central processing unit hours. The new crustal model reveals strong heterogeneity, including local changes of ±30% with respect to the initial three-dimensional model provided by the Southern California Earthquake Center. The model illuminates shallow features such as sedimentary basins and compositional contrasts across faults. It also reveals crustal features at depth that aid in the tectonic reconstruction of southern California, such as subduction-captured oceanic crustal fragments. The new model enables more realistic and accurate assessments of seismic hazard.
Programme: 133
|
|
|
Jouma'a Joffrey, Le Bras Yves, Richard Gaëtan, Vacquié-Garcia Jade, Picard Baptiste, El Ksabi Nory, Guinet Christophe, . (2015). Adjustment of diving behaviour with prey encounters and body condition in a deep diving predator: the Southern Elephant Seal
. Functional Ecology, .
|
|
|
Jouma'a Joffrey, Le Bras Yves, Richard Gaëtan, Vacquié‐Garcia Jade, Picard Baptiste, El Ksabi Nory, Guinet Christophe, Costa Daniel. (2016). Adjustment of diving behaviour with prey encounters and body condition in a deep diving predator: the Southern Elephant Seal (Vol. 30).
Abstract: Summary Optimal diving models have been developed to investigate how air?breathing predators should adjust their diving behaviour to optimize their foraging efficiency. Using time?depth recorders and 3D accelerometers, we addressed this question on six free?ranging Southern Elephant Seal (SES) females equipped on Kerguelen Island. We hypothesize that seals would initially increase their foraging time with distance to the foraging patches before reducing it for physiological reasons, regardless of the prey encountered. We expect that SES spends more time at depths where more Prey Catch Attempts (PCA) occur, that is at the bottom. We also hypothesize that bottom time should be related to both the seal body density and the swimming effort dedicated to catching prey, as we expect seals to be more active when catching prey. Finally, because oxygen is acquired at the surface only, we expect that recovery times increase with the duration of the previous dives. A total of 72·6% of PCA detected by accelerometer occurred at the bottom of the dive. At shallow depths (<300 m), seals spent more time at the bottom in dives where PCA occurred compared to non?PCA dives. At deeper depths, SES had shorter bottom times in PCA dives due to higher swimming effort. When only dives associated with PCA were considered, the time spent at the bottom increased with the number of PCA. In addition, the closer the seal was to neutral buoyancy, the longer was the bottom duration. Body density, that is buoyancy, was found to be a critical factor in controlling variations in the dive duration through the swimming effort to access the prey at the bottom of the dive. Finally, post?dive surface intervals were related to the duration and swimming effort of the previous dive. This study reveals how a marine top predator adjusts the time spent at the bottom depending on its body density, prey encounter rate and prey accessibility. It also highlights that using the duration of the foraging phase as a proxy of foraging success can be seriously misleading in SES. Finally, the need to use an energetic approach with bio?logging technology to study behavioural ecology is emphasized.
Keywords: bio‐logging buoyancy foraging behaviour marine mammal optimal diving theory
Programme: 109
|
|
|
Weimerskirch H., Chastel O. & Ackermann L. (1995). Adjustment of parental effort to manipulated foraging ability in a pelagic seabird, the thin-billed prion Pachyptila belcheri. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. (Print), 36, 11–16.
|
|
|
Thiebot Jean-Baptiste, Cherel Yves, Acqueberge Manon, Prudor Aurélien, Trathan Philip N, Bost Charles-André, . (2014). Adjustment of pre-moult foraging strategies in Macaroni Penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus according to locality, sex and breeding status
. Ibis (Lond. 1859), 156(3), 511–522.
Keywords: Crested Penguins, light-based geolocation, marine habitat, marine resources, non-breeding, Southern Ocean, specialization, stable isotopes,
Programme: 109
|
|
|
Thiebot Jean-Baptiste, Cherel Yves, Acqueberge Manon, Prudor Aurélien, Trathan Philip N, Bost Charles-André, . (2014). Adjustment of pre-moult foraging strategies in Macaroni Penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus according to locality, sex and breeding status
. 0019-1019, 156(3), 511–522.
Abstract: The annual moult creates the highest physiological stress during a penguin’s breeding cycle and is preceded by a period of hyperphagia at sea. Although crucial to individual survival, foraging strategies before moult have been little investigated in keystone marine consumers in the Southern Ocean. The Macaroni Penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus demonstrates how individuals may adjust their foraging strategies during this period in line with
constraints such as potential intraspecific competition between localities, foraging ability between dimorphic sexes and timing at sea between breeding and non-breeding population components. We recorded pre-moult behaviour at sea for 22 Macaroni Penguins from Crozet and Kerguelen Islands (southern Indian Ocean) during 2009 and 2011, using light-based geolocation and stable isotope analysis. Penguins were distributed in population-specific oceanic areas with similar surface temperatures (3.5 °C) south of the archipelagos, where they foraged at comparable trophic levels based on stable isotopes of their blood. Bayesian ‘broken stick’ modelling with concurrent analysis of seawater temperature records from the animal-borne devices showed that within each population, females remained 6 days longer than males in the colder waters before heading back towards their colonies. Finally, 17 other non-breeding individuals that moulted earlier had a higher mean blood d15N value than did post-breeding birds, meaning that early moulters probably fed more on fish than did late moulters. Our findings of such adjustments in foraging strategies developed across locality, sex and breeding status help understanding of the species’ contrasted pre-moult biology across its range and its ecology in the non-breeding period.
Programme: 394
|
|
|
Thouzeau C., Peter G., Le Bohec C. & Le Maho Y. (2004). Adjustments of gastric ph, motility and temperature during long-term preservation of stomach contents in free-ranging incubating king penguins. J. Exp. Biol., 207(51), 2715–2724.
|
|
|
Jouventin P., Barbraud C. & Rubin M. (1995). Adoption in the emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri. Animal behaviour, 50, 1023–1029.
|
|
|
Dominé, F.; Rey-Hanot, L. (2002). Adsorption isotherms of acetone on ice between 193 and 213 K. Geophysical research letters, 29.
Abstract: The adsorption isotherms of acetone on ice were measured at 193, 203 and 213 K using a volumetric method with mass spectrometric detection. Henry's law applies for values of the acetone partial pressure, Pacetone, lower than 10?3 Pa. Where Henry's law applies, the number of acetone molecules adsorbed per cm2 of ice, is: nads = 90.53 × Pacetone × exp (6610.2/T), with Pacetone in Pa and T in K. The measured enthalpy of adsorption of acetone on ice is ?Hads = ?55±7 kJ/mol. Acetone values previously measured in Arctic snow are too high to be due to adsorbed acetone. Acetone was then probably dissolved in ice or in organic aerosols contained in snow. Adsorption of acetone in the snowpack or on ice crystals in cirrus clouds is insufficient to affect Pacetone above the snow or in the clouds.
Keywords: 1863 Hydrology: Snow and ice; 3947 Mineral Physics: Surfaces and interfaces; 0320 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud physics and chemistry
Programme: 437
|
|
|
Philip L. Woodworth. (2022). Advances in the observation and understanding of changes in sea level and tides (Vol. 1516).
Abstract: Climate change, of which sea level change is one component, is seldom out of the news. This paper reviews developments in the measurement and understanding of changes in sea level and tides, focusing on the changes during the past century. The main aim has been to demonstrate how sea level and tidal science are now connected intimately with the fields of climate change and geodesy.
Keywords: extreme sea levels MSL changes ocean circulation variability ocean tides and their changes sea level and geodesy vertical land movements
Programme: 688
|
|