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Maurette M., Duprat J., Engrand C., Gounelle M., Kurat G., Matrajt G. & Toppani A. (2000). Accretion of the neon, organics, CO2, nitrogen and water from large interplanetary dust particules on the early Earth. Planetary and space science, 48, 1117–1137.
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Yves Cherel, Christophe Barbraud, Maxime Lahournat, Audrey Jaeger, Sébastien Jaquemet, Ross M. Wanless, Richard A. Phillips, David R. Thompson, Paco Bustamante. (2018). Accumulate or eliminate? Seasonal mercury dynamics in albatrosses, the most contaminated family of birds (Vol. 241).
Abstract: Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) are iconic pelagic seabirds whose life-history traits (longevity, high trophic position) put them at risk of high levels of exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), a powerful neurotoxin that threatens humans and wildlife. Here, we report total Hg (THg) concentrations in body feathers from 516 individual albatrosses from 35 populations, including all 20 taxa breeding in the Southern Ocean. Our key finding is that albatrosses constitute the family of birds with the highest levels of contamination by Hg, with mean feather THg concentrations in different populations ranging from moderate (3.8 μg/g) to exceptionally high (34.6 μg/g). Phylogeny had a significant effect on feather THg concentrations, with the mean decreasing in the order Diomedea > Phoebetria > Thalassarche. Unexpectedly, moulting habitats (reflected in feather δ13C values) was the main driver of feather THg concentrations, indicating increasing MeHg exposure with decreasing latitude, from Antarctic to subtropical waters. The role of moulting habitat suggests that the majority of MeHg eliminated into feathers by albatrosses is from recent food intake (income strategy). They thus differ from species that depurate MeHg into feathers that has been accumulated in internal tissues between two successive moults (capital strategy). Since albatrosses are amongst the most threatened families of birds, it is noteworthy that two albatrosses listed as Critical by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) that moult and breed in temperate waters are the most Hg-contaminated species (the Amsterdam and Tristan albatrosses). These data emphasize the urgent need for robust assessment of the impact of Hg contamination on the biology of albatrosses and they document the high MeHg level exposure of wildlife living in the most remote marine areas on Earth.
Keywords: Antarctica Feathers Foraging Methylmercury Moult Seabirds Southern ocean Stable isotopes
Programme: 109
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Isaksson E., Van Den Broeke M.R., Winther J.G., Karlöf L., Pinglot J.F. & Gundestrup N. (1999). Accumulation and proxy-temperature variability in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, determined from shallow firn cores. Annals of glaciology, 29, 17–22.
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Genthon C., Jouzel J. & Deque M. (1994). Accumulation at the surface of polar ice sheets: observation and modellin g for global climate change..
Abstract: NATO ASI Series
Programme: 322
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AUVINET J., BELKADI L., BONILLO C., COUTANCEAU J.P., DETTAI Agnès, GUIDI-RONTANI C., GRACA P., HIGUET D. & OZOUF-COSTAZ C. (2015). Accumulation de rétrotransposons et remaniements chromosomiques extensifs au cours de la diversification des Trematominae, téléostéens antarctiques. Poster. VIe Rencontres de l'Ichtyologie en France, Paris, 24-27 mars 2015.
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Pinglot J.F., Pourchet M., Lefauconnier B., Hagen J.O., Isaksson E., Vaikmäe R. & Kamiyama K. (1999). Accumulation in Svalbard glaciers deduced from ice cores with nuclear tests and Chernobyl reference layers. Polar research, 18(2), 315–321.
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Hennion F. & Bouchereau A. (1998). Accumulation of organic and inorganic solutes in the subantarctic cruciferous species Pringlea antiscorbutica in response to saline and cold stresses. Polar Biol., 20, 281–291.
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Shum Woodworth A., Egbert F., King K., Le Provost L.I., Molines P.R., Schlax S. & Tierney V. (1997). Accuracy asessment of recent ocean tide models. J. Geophys. Res., 102(C11), 25173–25194.
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Emmanuel Le Meur, Michel Sacchettini, Gaël Durand, Anne Sophie Drouet, Eric Rignot, Jérémie Mouginot, Duncan Young, Jamin Greenbaum. (2011). Accurate delineation of the grounding line from Kinematic GPS measurements. Application to an outlet glacier in
East Antarctica, soumis à AGU, San Fransisco, Fall Meeting, 5-11 Dec. 2011.
Abstract: Abstract :
Polar ice sheets have a huge potential in terms of sea level rise. Recent measurements show clear evidence of a generalized speeding up of outlet glaciers in Greenland and West Antarctica and the question whether similar behaviors are to be expected in East Antarctica is all the more crucial as this latter represents the largest ice reservoir. Moreover, many glaciers in the Wilkes-Terre Adélie sector are in a supposedly unstable configuration due to a landward downsloping bedrock. As a consequence, the Astrolabe Glacier (Terre Adélie land) was selected as a test zone for extensive field surveys like surface and bedrock heights, surface velocities, mass balance measurements. Among those, the exact position of the grounding line is fundamental as it represents a strong transition in the flow regime when the basal drag of the grounded ice reduces to virtually zero when this latter starts to float over the ocean. We here propose a method based on GPS measurements along various profiles in order to identify the presence or not of tidal movements of the ice surface indicating floating ice. The amplitude of the tides of the order of a meter requires accurate data only possible with the differential GPS method. Processing of these GPS data along selected profiles allows us to propose a position for the grounding line (hydrostatic one) which we then compare to that obtained from remote technics (Landsat-7, ICESat, differential Satellite synthetic-aperture radar interferometry). The exact position of the grounding line as well as the exact surface height along a radar transect accross the glacier (giving the underlying bedrock topography) is also used to infer a mean density for the whole ice column by applying the hydrostatic criterion and a firn depth correction.
Programme: 1053
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E. Le Meur, M. Sacchettini, G. Durand, A. S. Drouet, E. Rignot, J. Mouginot, D. Young and J Greenbaum . (2011). Accurate delineation of the grounding line from Kinematic GPS measurements. Application to an outlet glacier in East Antarctica, AGU,San Fransisco, Fall meeting 5-11 dec 2011.
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