Mey E., Chastel O. & Beaucournu J.C. (2003). A ‘penguin’ chewing louse Nesiotinus on a Kerguelen Diving-petrel (Pelecanoïdes urinatrix exsul): an indication of phylogenetic relationship? J. Ornithol., 143.
Abstract: The confirmed discovery of an adult female of an as yet undescribed species of the genus Nesiotinus (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae sensu lato) on a Kerguelen Diving-petrel appears to provide the first certain parasitophyletic evidence for a phylogenetic relationship between penguins (Sphenisciformes) and tubenoses (Procellariiformes). An over-view of the hospital distribution of chewing lice genera parasitising penguins and tubenoses is given.
Programme: 109
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Marina Renedo, Paco Bustamante, Yves Cherel, Zoyne Pedrero, Emmanuel Tessier, David Amouroux. (2020). A “seabird-eye” on mercury stable isotopes and cycling in the Southern Ocean (Vol. 742).
Abstract: Since mercury (Hg) biogeochemistry in the Southern Ocean is minimally documented, we investigated Hg stable isotopes in the blood of seabirds breeding at different latitudes in the Antarctic, Subantarctic and Subtropical zones. Hg isotopic composition was determined in adult penguins (5 species) and skua chicks (2 species) from Adélie Land (66°39′S, Antarctic) to Crozet (46°25′S, Subantarctic) and Amsterdam Island (37°47′S, Subtropical). Mass-dependent (MDF, δ202Hg) and mass-independent (MIF, Δ199Hg) Hg isotopic values separated populations geographically. Antarctic seabirds exhibited lower δ202Hg values (−0.02 to 0.79 ‰, min-max) than Subantarctic (0.88 to 2.12 ‰) and Subtropical (1.44 to 2.37 ‰) seabirds. In contrast, Δ199Hg values varied slightly from Antarctic (1.31 to 1.73 ‰) to Subtropical (1.69 to 2.04 ‰) waters. The extent of methylmercury (MeHg) photodemethylation extrapolated from Δ199Hg values was not significantly different between locations, implying that most of the bioaccumulated MeHg was of mesopelagic origin. The larger increase of MDF between the three latitudes co-varies with MeHg concentrations. This supports an increasing effect of specific biogenic Hg pathways from Antarctic to Subtropical waters, such as Hg biological transformations and accumulations. This “biogenic effect” among different productive southern oceanic regions can also be related to different mixed layer depth dynamics and biological productivity turnover that specifically influence the vertical transport between the mesopelagic and the photic zones. This study shows the first Hg isotopic data of the Southern Ocean at large scale and reveals how regional Southern Ocean dynamics and productivity control marine MeHg biogeochemistry and the exposure of seabirds to Hg contamination.
Keywords: Biogeochemistry Latitude Methylmercury Penguins Skuas
Programme: 109
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Laforge M., Colas B., Hennion F., Normand V., Robert T., Nadot S. . (2017). A glimpse into the reproductive biology of buttercups in the Kerguelen Islands..
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Monitoring of gaseous elemental mercury in central Antarctica at Dome Concordia . (2012). A. Dommergue, C.P. Ferrari, O. Magand, M. Barret, L. Gratz, N.Pirrone, F. Sprovieri.
Abstract: The International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment (ICHMET)
Programme: 1028
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Preliminary results from a continuous record of atmospheric gaseous mercury at the coastal station Dumont d’Urville in Antarctica . (2012). A. Dommergue, N. Vogel, C.P. Ferrari, O. Magand, M. Barret
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Abstract: The International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment (ICHMET)
Programme: 1028
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Bonadonna F., Cunningham G.B., Jouventin P., Hesters F. & Nevitt G. (2003). A.Evidence for nest-odour recognition in two species of diving petrel. J. Exp. Biol., 206, 3719–3722.
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Jean-François Rontani, Lukas Smik, Simon T. Belt, Frédéric Vaultier, Linda Armbrecht, Amy Leventer, Leanne K. Armand. (2019). Abiotic degradation of highly branched isoprenoid alkenes and other lipids in the water column off East Antarctica (Vol. 210).
Abstract: In some previous studies, the ratio between a di-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) lipid termed IPSO25 and a structurally related tri-unsaturated counterpart (HBI III) (viz. IPSO25/HBI III) has been used as a proxy measure of variable sea ice cover in the Antarctic owing to their production by certain sea ice algae and open water diatoms, respectively. To investigate this further, we quantified selected lipids and their photo- and autoxidation products in samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected at different water depths in the polynya region west of the Dalton Iceberg Tongue (East Antarctica). The results obtained confirm the high efficiency of photo- and autoxidation processes in diatoms from the region. The systematic increase of the ratio IPSO25/HBI III with water depth in the current samples appeared to be dependent on the sampling site and was due to both (i) a relatively higher contribution of ice algae to the deeper samples resulting from their increased aggregation and therefore higher sinking rate, or (ii) a stronger abiotic degradation of HBI III during settling through the water column. Analyses of samples taken from the water-sediment interface and some underlying near-surface sediments revealed a further increase of the ratio IPSO25/HBI III, indicative of further differential oxidation of the more unsaturated HBI. Unfortunately, specific oxidation products of HBI III could not be detected in the strongly oxidized SPM and sediment samples, likely due to their lability towards further oxidation. In contrast, oxidation products of HBI III were detected in weakly oxidized samples of phytoplanktonic cells collected from Commonwealth Bay (also East Antarctica), thus providing more direct evidence for the involvement of photo- and/or autoxidation of HBI III in the region. This oxidative alteration of the ratio IPSO25/HBI III between their source and sedimentary environments might need to be considered more carefully when using this parameter for palaeo sea ice reconstruction purposes in the Antarctic.
Keywords: Alteration of IPSO/HBI III ratio East Antarctica Lipids Near-surface sediments Paleoceanographic implications Photo- and autoxidation Suspended particulate matter
Programme: 1010
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Sulmon Cécile, van Baaren Joan, Cabello-Hurtado Francisco, Gouesbet Gwenola, Hennion Françoise, Mony Cendrine, Renault David, Bormans Myriam, El Amrani Abdelhak, Wiegand Claudia, Gérard Claudia, . (2015). Abiotic stressors and stress responses: What commonalities appear between species across biological organization levels?
. Environ. Pollut., 202, 66–77.
Abstract: Organisms are regularly subjected to abiotic stressors related to increasing anthropogenic activities, including chemicals and climatic changes that induce major stresses. Based on various key taxa involved in ecosystem functioning (photosynthetic microorganisms, plants, invertebrates), we review how organisms respond and adapt to chemical- and temperature-induced stresses from molecular to population level. Using field-realistic studies, our integrative analysis aims to compare i) how molecular and physiological mechanisms related to protection, repair and energy allocation can impact life history traits of stressed organisms, and ii) to what extent trait responses influence individual and population responses. Common response mechanisms are evident at molecular and cellular scales but become rather difficult to define at higher levels due to evolutionary distance and environmental complexity. We provide new insights into the understanding of the impact of molecular and cellular responses on individual and population dynamics and assess the potential related effects on communities and ecosystem functioning.
Keywords: Animals, Biological Evolution, Ecosystem, Invertebrates, Invertebrates: drug effects, Invertebrates: metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Photosynthesis, Plants, Plants: drug effects, Plants: metabolism, Species Specificity,
Programme: 136
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Sulmon C., van Baaren J., Cabello-Hurtado F., Gouesbet G., Hennion F., Mony C., Renault D., Bormans M., El Amrani A., Wiegand C. & Gérard C. (2015). Abiotic stressors and stress responses: what commonalities appear between species across biological organization levels? 0269-7491, 202: 66-77.
Abstract: Abstract Organisms are regularly subjected to abiotic stressors related to increasing anthropogenic activities, including chemicals and climatic changes that induce major stresses. Based on various key taxa involved in ecosystem functioning (photosynthetic microorganisms, plants, invertebrates), we review how organisms respond and adapt to chemical- and temperature-induced stresses from molecular to population level. Using field-realistic studies, our integrative analysis aims to compare i) how molecular and physiological mechanisms related to protection, repair and energy allocation can impact life history traits of stressed organisms, and ii) to what extent trait responses influence individual and population responses. Common response mechanisms are evident at molecular and cellular scales but become rather difficult to define at higher levels due to evolutionary distance and environmental complexity. We provide new insights into the understanding of the impact of molecular and cellular responses on individual and population dynamics and assess the potential related effects on communities and ecosystem functioning.
Programme: 1116
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Blangy, S. Avaala, V. Labba, B.M. (2010). Aboriginal Ecotourism in the Arctic: collaborative research project between the caribou Inuit and the Saami reindeer herders
Oslo Science Conference Norway. 7-14 Juin, 2010. Human dimensions of change: health, society and resources. .
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