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Daniel C. Jones, Filipe R. Ceia, Eugene Murphy, Karine Delord, Robert W. Furness, Ariane Verdy, Matthew Mazloff, Richard A. Phillips, Paul M. Sagar, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Ben Schreiber, David R. Thompson, Leigh G. Torres, Philip J. Underwood, Henri Weimerskirch, José C. Xavier |
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Untangling local and remote influences in two major petrel habitats in the oligotrophic Southern Ocean |
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2021 |
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Global Change Biology |
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27 |
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22 |
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5773-5785 |
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Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) biogeography conservation grey petrels high seas hotspot open ocean primary productivity Procellaria cinerea seabirds |
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Ocean circulation connects geographically distinct ecosystems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales via exchanges of physical and biogeochemical properties. Remote oceanographic processes can be especially important for ecosystems in the Southern Ocean, where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transports properties across ocean basins through both advection and mixing. Recent tracking studies have indicated the existence of two large-scale, open ocean habitats in the Southern Ocean used by grey petrels (Procellaria cinerea) from two populations (i.e., Kerguelen and Antipodes islands) during their nonbreeding season for extended periods during austral summer (i.e., October to February). In this work, we use a novel combination of large-scale oceanographic observations, surface drifter data, satellite-derived primary productivity, numerical adjoint sensitivity experiments, and output from a biogeochemical state estimate to examine local and remote influences on these grey petrel habitats. Our aim is to understand the oceanographic features that control these isolated foraging areas and to evaluate their ecological value as oligotrophic open ocean habitats. We estimate the minimum local primary productivity required to support these populations to be much <1% of the estimated local primary productivity. The region in the southeast Indian Ocean used by the birds from Kerguelen is connected by circulation to the productive Kerguelen shelf. In contrast, the region in the south-central Pacific Ocean used by seabirds from the Antipodes is relatively isolated suggesting it is more influenced by local factors or the cumulative effects of many seasonal cycles. This work exemplifies the potential use of predator distributions and oceanographic data to highlight areas of the open ocean that may be more dynamic and productive than previously thought. Our results highlight the need to consider advective connections between ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and to re-evaluate the ecological relevance of oligotrophic Southern Ocean regions from a conservation perspective. |
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8258 |
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Kolbeinsson, Y., R. v. Bemmelen, Æ. Petersen, J. A. Alves, K. Välimäki, D. J. Okill, O. Gilg, A. Lehikoinen, I. K. Petersen, S. Thorstensen, R. Ramos, and J. González-Solís |
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Unravelling the migration and wintering grounds of Red-necked Phalaropes Phalaropus lobatus nesting across the Western Palearctic and in NE Greenland.in 2nd World Seabird Conference, Cape Town, South Africa. |
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Communication |
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2015 |
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1036 |
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6999 |
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Kolbeinsson, Y., R. v. Bemmelen, Æ. Petersen, J. A. Alves, K. Välimäki, D. J. Okill, O. Gilg, A. Lehikoinen, I. K. Petersen, S. Thorstensen, R. Ramos, and J. González-Solís |
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Title |
Unravelling the migration and wintering grounds of Red-necked Phalaropes Phalaropus lobatus nesting across the Western Palearctic and in NE Greenland |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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2015 |
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2nd World Seabird Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, 26-30 October 2015 |
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1036 |
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6166 |
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Jumelet J., C. David, S. Bekki, and P. Keckhut |
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Uniwavelength lidar sensitivity to spherical aerosol microphysical properties for the interpretation of lagrangian stratospheric observations |
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2009 |
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JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS |
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71 |
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121-131 |
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209 |
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1364-6826 |
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yes |
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5678 |
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Michael Lockwood, Mathew J. Owens, Carl Haines, Luke Barnard, Christopher John Scott, Aude Chambodut, Kathryn A. McWilliams, Alan W. P. Thomson |
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Universal Time Variations in Space Weather |
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2020 |
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Earth and space science open archive |
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12 |
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We introduce the inductive effects of polar cap motions towards and way from the Sun into magnetospheric electrodynamics and show how this explains observed Universal Time variations in hemispheric geomagnetic indices. The large (and growing) hemispheric asymmetry in the offsets of the geomagnetic (dip or eccentric dipole) poles from Earth’s rotational axis means that the effect is not cancelled out in global indices. By adding this effect to that of the Russell-McPherron effect on solar wind-magnetosphere coupling, that of ionospheric conductivities, and that of the solar wind dynamic pressure and dipole tilt on the near-Earth tail lobe field and cross-tail current sheet, we are able to model the persistent “equinoctial” time-of-day/time-of-year pattern (with additional net Universal time variations) observed in the an, as and am geomagnetic indices since 1959. We discuss the implications for the longitudinal dependence of the effects of extreme space weather events |
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139 |
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yes |
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8464 |
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Jørgen Berge, Malin Daase, Paul E. Renaud, William G. Ambrose, Gerald Darnis, Kim S. Last, Eva Leu, Jonathan H. Cohen, Geir Johnsen, Mark A. Moline, Finlo Cottier, Øystein Varpe, Natalia Shunatova, Piotr Bałazy, Nathalie Morata, Jean-Charles Massabuau, Stig Falk-Petersen, Ksenia Kosobokova, Clara J. M. Hoppe, Jan Marcin Węsławski, Piotr Kukliński, Joanna Legeżyńska, Daria Nikishina, Marine Cusa, Monika Kędra, Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk, Daniel Vogedes, Lionel Camus, Damien Tran, Emma Michaud, Tove M. Gabrielsen, Andrei Granovitch, Anya Gonchar, Rupert Krapp, Trine A. Callesen |
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Unexpected Levels of Biological Activity during the Polar Night Offer New Perspectives on a Warming Arctic |
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2015 |
Publication |
Current Biology |
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25 |
Issue |
19 |
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2555-2561 |
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1092 |
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0960-9822 |
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yes |
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8230 |
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Kaeuffer R., Coltman D.W., Chapuis J.L., Pontier D. & Réale D. |
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Title |
Unexpected heterozygosity in an island mouflon population founded by a single pair of individuals. |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the royal society b-biological sciences |
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Proc. Biol. Sci. |
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274 |
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527-533 |
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136 |
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0962-8452 |
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4792 |
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Martin Bulla, Mihai Valcu, Adriaan M. Dokter, Alexei G. Dondua, András Kosztolányi, Anne L. Rutten, Barbara Helm, Brett K. Sandercock, Bruce Casler, Bruno J. Ens, Caleb S. Spiegel, Chris J. Hassell, Clemens Küpper, Clive Minton, Daniel Burgas, David B. Lank, David C. Payer, Egor Y. Loktionov, Erica Nol, Eunbi Kwon, Fletcher Smith, H. River Gates, Hana Vitnerová, Hanna Prüter, James A. Johnson, James J. H. St Clair, Jean-François Lamarre, Jennie Rausch, Jeroen Reneerkens, Jesse R. Conklin, Joanna Burger, Joe Liebezeit, Joël Bêty, Jonathan T. Coleman, Jordi Figuerola, Jos C. E. W. Hooijmeijer, José A. Alves, Joseph A. M. Smith, Karel Weidinger, Kari Koivula, Ken Gosbell, Klaus-Michael Exo, Larry Niles, Laura Koloski, Laura McKinnon, Libor Praus, Marcel Klaassen, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Martin Sládeček, Megan L. Boldenow, Michael I. Goldstein, Miroslav Šálek, Nathan Senner, Nelli Rönkä, Nicolas Lecomte, Olivier Gilg, Orsolya Vincze, Oscar W. Johnson, Paul A. Smith, Paul F. Woodard, Pavel S. Tomkovich, Phil F. Battley, Rebecca Bentzen, Richard B. Lanctot, Ron Porter, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Scott Freeman, Stephen C. Brown, Stephen Yezerinac, Tamás Székely, Tomás Montalvo, Theunis Piersma, Vanessa Loverti, Veli-Matti Pakanen, Wim Tijsen, Bart Kempenaers |
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Unexpected diversity in socially synchronized rhythms of shorebirds |
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2016 |
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Nature |
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540 |
Issue |
7631 |
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109-113 |
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The behavioural rhythms of organisms are thought to be under strong selection, influenced by the rhythmicity of the environment1,2,3,4. Such behavioural rhythms are well studied in isolated individuals under laboratory conditions1,5, but free-living individuals have to temporally synchronize their activities with those of others, including potential mates, competitors, prey and predators6,7,8,9,10. Individuals can temporally segregate their daily activities (for example, prey avoiding predators, subordinates avoiding dominants) or synchronize their activities (for example, group foraging, communal defence, pairs reproducing or caring for offspring)6,7,8,9,11. The behavioural rhythms that emerge from such social synchronization and the underlying evolutionary and ecological drivers that shape them remain poorly understood5,6,7,9. Here we investigate these rhythms in the context of biparental care, a particularly sensitive phase of social synchronization12 where pair members potentially compromise their individual rhythms. Using data from 729 nests of 91 populations of 32 biparentally incubating shorebird species, where parents synchronize to achieve continuous coverage of developing eggs, we report remarkable within- and between-species diversity in incubation rhythms. Between species, the median length of one parent’s incubation bout varied from 1–19 h, whereas period length—the time in which a parent’s probability to incubate cycles once between its highest and lowest value—varied from 6–43 h. The length of incubation bouts was unrelated to variables reflecting energetic demands, but species relying on crypsis (the ability to avoid detection by other animals) had longer incubation bouts than those that are readily visible or who actively protect their nest against predators. Rhythms entrainable to the 24-h light–dark cycle were less prevalent at high latitudes and absent in 18 species. Our results indicate that even under similar environmental conditions and despite 24-h environmental cues, social synchronization can generate far more diverse behavioural rhythms than expected from studies of individuals in captivity5,6,7,9. The risk of predation, not the risk of starvation, may be a key factor underlying the diversity in these rhythms. |
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1476-4687 |
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1476-4687 |
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7307 |
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Claudio A. González‐Wevar, Nicolás I. Segovia, Sebastián Rosenfeld, Jaime Ojeda, Mathias Hüne, Javier Naretto, Thomas Saucède, Paul Brickle, Simon Morley, Jean-Pierre Féral, Hamish G. Spencer, Elie Poulin |
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Unexpected absence of island endemics: Long-distance dispersal in higher latitude sub-Antarctic Siphonaria (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) species |
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2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
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45 |
Issue |
4 |
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874-884 |
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Antarctic circumpolar current direct developers long-distance dispersal oceanic biogeography pulmonate rafting Siphonaria sub-Antarctic |
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Aim We assess biogeographical patterns, population structure and the range of species in the pulmonate genus Siphonaria across the sub-Antarctic. We hypothesized that locally endemic cryptic species will be found across the distribution of these direct-developing limpets in the sub-Antarctic. Location The sub-Antarctic coasts of the Southern Ocean including South America, the Falkland/Malvinas, South Georgia, Kerguelen and Macquarie Islands. Methods Multi-locus phylogenetic reconstructions, mtDNA time-calibrated divergence time estimations and population-based analyses of Siphonaria populations were used at the scale of the Southern Ocean. Results We resolve two widely distributed lineages of Siphonaria (S. lateralis and S. fuegiensis) across the sub-Antarctic. MtDNA divergence time estimates suggest that they were separated around 4.0 Ma (3.0 to 8.0 Ma). Subsequently both species followed different evolutionary pathways across their distributions. Low levels of genetic diversity characterize the populations of both species, reflecting the role of Quaternary glacial cycles during their respective demographic histories, suggesting high levels of dispersal among geographically distant localities. Main conclusions Siphonaria lateralis and S. fuegiensis constitute sister and broadly co-distributed species across the sub-Antarctic. Unexpected transoceanic similarities and low levels of genetic diversity in both these direct-developing species imply recurrent recolonization processes through long-distance dispersal to isolated sub-Antarctic islands. For such groups of Southern Ocean invertebrates, rafting may be more effective for long-distance dispersal than a free-living planktotrophic larval stage. This biogeographical model may explain why many marine species lacking a dispersal phase exhibit broad distributions, low genetic diversity and low population structure over thousands of kilometres. |
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1044 |
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1365-2699 |
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1365-2699 |
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7109 |
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Chuxian Li, Jeroen E. Sonke, Gaël Le Roux, Natalia Piotrowska, Nathalie Van der Putten, Stephen J. Roberts, Tim Daley, Emma Rice, Roland Gehrels, Maxime Enrico, Dmitri Mauquoy, Thomas P. Roland, François De Vleeschouwer |
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Title |
Unequal Anthropogenic Enrichment of Mercury in Earth’s Northern and Southern Hemispheres |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry |
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4 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
2073-2081 |
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Remote Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) lake sediment and peat records of mercury (Hg) deposition have shown a ×3 to ×5 Hg enrichment since pre-industrial times (<1880 AD), leading to the perception that global atmospheric Hg enrichment is moderate and uniform across the hemispheres. Anthropogenic Hg emissions in the NH are, however, approximately 4 times higher than those in the SH. Here, we reconstruct atmospheric Hg deposition in four remote SH peatlands and review sediment and peat Hg records from both hemispheres. We observe a ×4 all-time enrichment in SH Hg deposition from pre-anthropogenic (<1450 AD) to the late 20th-century periods, which is lower than the large ×16 all-time enrichment in NH Hg deposition. We attribute this difference to lower anthropogenic Hg emissions in the SH, and higher natural atmospheric SH Hg concentrations, supported by ×2 higher natural background Hg accumulation in SH peat records. We suggest that the higher SH natural atmospheric Hg deposition reflects the SH land–ocean distribution, and is driven by important SH marine Hg emissions. Our findings indicate that atmospheric Hg background levels and anthropogenic enrichment in both hemispheres are different and should be taken into account in international Hg assessments and environmental policy. |
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1065,1133 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7791 |
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