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Author Maëlle Connan, Vonica Perold, Ben J. Dilley, Christophe Barbraud, Yves Cherel, Peter G. Ryan
Title (down) The Indian Ocean ‘garbage patch’: Empirical evidence from floating macro-litter Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication Marine pollution bulletin Abbreviated Journal
Volume 169 Issue Pages 112559
Keywords At-sea survey Frontal system Garbage patch Plastic litter Southern Indian Ocean
Abstract Marine litter has become a global issue with ‘garbage patches’ documented in all ocean gyres. The Pacific and Atlantic garbage patches have been well described, but there are few empirical data for the Indian Ocean. In the austral summer 2019–2020, we conducted an at-sea survey of macro-litter in the rarely investigated south-west Indian Ocean. Over 24 days, 1623 man-made items were observed including plastic fragments, packaging and fishing-related items during 216 h of observations covering 5464 km. More than 99% of the litter items were plastics of which almost 60% were white. Floating litter was patchily distributed with only five items (0.2%) recorded south of 40°S (0.1 items·km‐2). Half of the items were encountered over a two-day period south-east of Madagascar (30°S; 59–67°E; 75.2 items·km‐2). Our survey detected an accumulation of litter in the southern Indian Ocean and demonstrated that this area warrants more research.
Programme 109
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Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0025-326X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 7939
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Author Camille Moreau, Quentin Jossart, Bruno Danis, Marc Eléaume, Henrik Christiansen, Charlène Guillaumot, Rachel Downey, Thomas Saucède
Title (down) The high diversity of Southern Ocean sea stars (Asteroidea) reveals original evolutionary pathways Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication Progress in oceanography Abbreviated Journal
Volume 190 Issue Pages 102472
Keywords Antarctica Biodiversity COI mtDNA Echinodermata Evolution Phylogeography
Abstract Benthic life in the Southern Ocean (SO) features unique life history traits and species assemblages, but the origin and evolution of many of these taxonomic groups is still unclear. Sea stars (Asteroidea) are a diversified and abundant component of benthic ecosystems in the SO, in which they can play key ecological roles. Former studies suggest that the diversity of the entire class is still poorly known and underestimated, hampering the assessment of the origin and evolution of the class in the SO. In the present study, we analyse spatial patterns of SO sea star diversity using an occurrence database of ~14,000 entries. The biogeographic analysis is coupled with the exploration of an extensive molecular phylogeny based on over 4,400 specimen sequences to inform, support and/or question the observed diversity patterns. We show that the current taxonomy of SO asteroids needs revision and that their diversity has generally been overlooked and misinterpreted. Molecular results highlight the recent diversification of most studied taxa, at genus and species levels, which supports an evolutionary scenario referring to successive invasion and exchange events between the SO and adjacent regions, and clade diversification during periods of rapid environmental changes driven by the succession of glacial cycles. Our work advocates for employing, and endorsing the use of extensive genetic barcode libraries for biodiversity studies.
Programme 1044,1124
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Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0079-6611 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8183
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Author Ménot, R.P.
Title (down) The Geology of East Antarctica (between ∼85° E and ∼145° E),  in Geology of the Antarctic Continent Type Book
Year 2021 Publication Geology of the antarctic continent. e.schweizerbart’sche verlag., stuttgart, Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 322-393
Keywords
Abstract This chapter treats the Antarctic region facing West and South Australia, approximately from 85° E to 145° E (Fig. 1-1), i.e. the easternmost province of the “East Antarctic Shield” (see chapters 1.2/1.2.1). Therefore, the following major areas will be described: from West to East, Kaiser-Wilhelm-II.-Land, Queen Mary Land, Wilkes Land, Terre Adélie and western George V Land. Eastern George V Land and northern Victoria Land are excluded from this review as they can be regarded as the foreland of the Transantarctic Mountains geological domain (chapters 4 and 5).
Programme 1003
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-3-443-11034-5 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8296
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Author Viblanc Va, Stier A, Bize P, Schull Q, Criscuolo F, Groscolas R, Robin Jp
Title (down) The ecophysiology of king penguins: responses to a fluctuating environment Type Peer-reviewed symposium
Year 2021 Publication 1ier webinaire franco-argentin sur l’antarctique: opportunités et défis scientifiques soixante ans après l'entrée en vigueur du traité sur l'antarctique (coorganisé par l’institut polaire français ipev, l’institut antarctique argentin et l’ambassade de fr Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract
Programme 119
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8484
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Author Viblanc Va, Stier A, Bize P, Schull Q, Criscuolo F, Groscolas R, Robin Jp
Title (down) The ecophysiology of king penguins : responses to a fluctuating environment Type Book Chapter
Year 2021 Publication 17émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 26-27 mai 2021, paris, france Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract Penguins are sea...birds. These highly evolved marine predators thrive in the oceanic habitat. Yet, they are conflicted – confronted to the duality of a life spent partly at sea, partly on-land. This life style has them subject to a number of very different ecological pressures. The ECONERGY polar project (IPEV #119) seeks to understand how king penguin cope with the constraints they face while living on-land, and the underlying physiological adaptations that allow them to do so. This includes studies dealing with fasting, parasites, predators, aggressive neighbors, climate and human disturbance. I will present some of the advances our project has made over the past decades, and where we will proceed in the years to come with a new project. We aim to understand bird stress from an integrative perspective, building a long-term observatory of penguin physiological responses to a changing world, and determining how breeding performances on land and foraging performances at sea are related.
Programme 119
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Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8106
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Author Manfred R. Enstipp, Charles-André Bost, Céline Le Bohec, Nicolas Chatelain, Henri Weimerskirch, Yves Handrich
Title (down) The early life of king penguins: ontogeny of dive capacity and foraging behaviour in an expert diver Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication The Journal of Experimental Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 224 Issue 12 Pages jeb242512
Keywords Animals Behavior, Animal Bio-logging Diving Feeding Behavior Foraging proficiency Ontogeny Seabirds Spheniscidae Temperature Wiggles
Abstract The period of emancipation in seabirds, when juveniles change from a terrestrial existence to a life at sea, is associated with many challenges. Apart from finding favourable foraging sites, they have to develop effective prey search patterns and physiological capacities that enable them to capture sufficient prey to meet their energetic needs. Animals that dive to forage, such as king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), need to acquire an adequate breath-hold capacity, allowing them to locate and capture prey at depth. To investigate the ontogeny of their dive capacity and foraging performance, we implanted juvenile king penguins before their first departure to sea and also adult breeders with a data-logger recording pressure and temperature. We found that juvenile king penguins possess a remarkable dive capacity when leaving their natal colony, enabling them to conduct dives in excess of 100 m within their first week at sea. Despite this, juvenile dive/foraging performance, investigated in relation to dive depth, remained below the adult level throughout their first year at sea, probably reflecting physiological limitations as a result of incomplete maturation. A significantly shallower foraging depth of juveniles, particularly during their first 5 months at sea, could also indicate differences in foraging strategy and targeted prey. The initially greater wiggle rate suggests that juveniles fed opportunistically and also targeted different prey from adults and/or that many of the wiggles of juveniles reflect unsuccessful prey-capture attempts, indicating a lower foraging proficiency. After 5 months, this difference disappeared, suggesting sufficient physical maturation and improvement of juvenile foraging skills.
Programme 137,394
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Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1477-9145 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8473
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Author Armelle Decaulne, Najat Bhiry, Janie Faucher-Roy, Clara Pelletier Boily
Title (down) The development of Kangiqsualujjuaq and the threat of snow avalanches in a permafrost degradation context, Nunavik, Canada Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication Espace populations sociétés. Space populations societies Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 2020/3-2021/1 Pages
Keywords active layer Canada demographic growth Nordic village slopes snow avalanches
Abstract Slope processes are active in the rolling plateau landscapes of Nunavik, Northern Québec, Canada. There are a few short but very steep escarpments in this region. On January 1st, 1999 a powerful snow avalanche struck Kangiqsualujjuaq, one of the 14 Inuit villages in Nunavik. Nine people died and 25 were injured. This village and its surrounding are located within a glacial valley, in a periglacial environment. There is significant population growth, as well as in the other villages in Nunavik. As early as 1999-2000, there was a significant spatial reorganization of the village's infrastructures to avoid the impact of other snow-avalanche events. The main objective of this paper is to examine the village expansion in response to snow-avalanche process and population growth, within an area constrained with permafrost thawing and steep slopes. From naturalist geomorphologic methods, written sources such as archive documents and aerial photographs, the results show that slopes above Kangiqsualujjuaq are prone to release snow avalanches during blizzards from uncommon directions, and that the newly built housing may be at risk in some places, due to the conjunction of snow avalanches and permafrost thawing.
Programme 1148
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0755-7809 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8423
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Author Stephanie Jenouvrier, Judy Che-Castaldo, Shaye Wolf, Marika Holland, Sara Labrousse, Michelle LaRue, Barbara Wienecke, Peter Fretwell, Christophe Barbraud, Noah Greenwald, Julienne Stroeve, Philip N. Trathan
Title (down) The call of the emperor penguin: Legal responses to species threatened by climate change Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication Global Change Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 27 Issue 20 Pages 5008-5029
Keywords climate risk assessments Endangered Species Act foreseeable future population projections redundancy and representation (3Rs) resiliency sea ice projections species distribution treatment of scientific uncertainty
Abstract Species extinction risk is accelerating due to anthropogenic climate change, making it urgent to protect vulnerable species through legal frameworks in order to facilitate conservation actions that help mitigate risk. Here, we discuss fundamental concepts for assessing climate change risks to species using the example of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), currently being considered for protection under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). This species forms colonies on Antarctic sea ice, which is projected to significantly decline due to ongoing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We project the dynamics of all known emperor penguin colonies under different GHG emission scenarios using a climate-dependent meta-population model including the effects of extreme climate events based on the observational satellite record of colonies. Assessments for listing species under the ESA require information about how species resiliency, redundancy and representation (3Rs) will be affected by threats within the foreseeable future. Our results show that if sea ice declines at the rate projected by climate models under current energy system trends and policies, the 3Rs would be dramatically reduced and almost all colonies would become quasi-extinct by 2100. We conclude that the species should be listed as threatened under the ESA.
Programme 109
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1365-2486 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8308
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Author Sindre H. Eldøy, Jan G. Davidsen, Matthias Vignon, Michael Power
Title (down) The biology and feeding ecology of Arctic charr in the Kerguelen Islands Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication Journal of Fish Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 98 Issue 2 Pages 526-536
Keywords
Abstract Subsequent to their introduction in the 1950s, Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus have been able to establish a self-sustaining population that has adapted to the unique conditions of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands. Here, 48 individuals (198–415 mm) were caught with gillnets and their basic biology and feeding ecology were examined using stable isotope analysis. The Lac des Fougères population split use of littoral and pelagic resources evenly, although larger fish relied more heavily on littoral production and appear to follow the size-dependent life history habitat template seen in many Scandinavian lakes where smaller sized individuals occupy the pelagic zone and larger individuals dominate the littoral habitat. In Kerguelen, Arctic charr mature at the same ages (5.6 years) as Arctic charr in both sub-Arctic and Arctic lakes. Although mortality was average in comparison to comparator sub-Arctic lakes, it was high in comparison to Arctic lakes. Maximal age (>7+) was at the lower end of the range typically seen in sub-Arctic lakes. Although they inhabit a resource-poor environment, Kerguelen Arctic charr showed no evidence of cannibalism. Thus, while Arctic charr can survive and reproduce in the relatively unproductive Kerguelen lake environments, survival and growth nevertheless appear to be traded off against survival and longevity. The uniqueness of the population location and the recency of its introduction suggest that further monitoring of the population has the potential to yield valuable insights into both the adaptability of the species and its likely responses to ongoing large-scale environmental change as represented by climate change.
Programme 1041
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1095-8649 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8178
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Author Alison F. Banwell, Rajashree Tri Datta, Rebecca L. Dell, Mahsa Moussavi, Ludovic Brucker, Ghislain Picard, Christopher A. Shuman, Laura A. Stevens
Title (down) The 32-year record-high surface melt in 2019/2020 on the northern George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication The Cryosphere Abbreviated Journal
Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 909-925
Keywords
Abstract In the 2019/2020 austral summer, the surface melt duration and extent on the northern George VI Ice Shelf (GVIIS) was exceptional compared to the 31 previous summers of distinctly lower melt. This finding is based on analysis of near-continuous 41-year satellite microwave radiometer and scatterometer data, which are sensitive to meltwater on the ice shelf surface and in the near-surface snow. Using optical satellite imagery from Landsat 8 (2013 to 2020) and Sentinel-2 (2017 to 2020), record volumes of surface meltwater ponding were also observed on the northern GVIIS in 2019/2020, with 23 % of the surface area covered by 0.62 km3 of ponded meltwater on 19 January. These exceptional melt and surface ponding conditions in 2019/2020 were driven by sustained air temperatures ≥0 ∘C for anomalously long periods (55 to 90 h) from late November onwards, which limited meltwater refreezing. The sustained warm periods were likely driven by warm, low-speed (≤7.5 m s−1) northwesterly and northeasterly winds and not by foehn wind conditions, which were only present for 9 h total in the 2019/2020 melt season. Increased surface ponding on ice shelves may threaten their stability through increased potential for hydrofracture initiation; a risk that may increase due to firn air content depletion in response to near-surface melting.
Programme 1110
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1994-0416 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 7654
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