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Van Tilbeurgh V., Joliet F., Atlan A. |
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2020 |
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8050 |
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2020 |
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Annales de geographie |
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732 |
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2 |
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31-52 |
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136 |
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0003-4010 |
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6947 |
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Mazé C., Tixier P., Boulinier T., Gamble A., Guinet C., Robin J.-p. Et J. Labonne |
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La transformation vers la soutenabilité, de la théorie à la pratique : la ZATA, un modèle d'étude et d'action pertinent et efficace. Le cas des pêcheries et de la conservation des oiseaux et mammifères marins |
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2020 |
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L'horizon de transformation vers la soutenabilité fondée sur le concept de résilience en écologie est décrit de manière normative dans la littérature en sciences de l'environnement ou mis en valeur à partir de cas d'étude isolés. S'ils constituent d'importantes « semences pour un bon Anthropocène » ces exemples restent encore trop rares, alors que la transformation devrait d'être entreprise à plus grande échelle et à vitesse rapide. Cette transformation nécessite urgemment d'être mise en pratique de manière plus systématique et étayée à partir de cas d'action-recherche efficaces. Pour ce faire, ceux-ci doivent être conçus et mis en œuvre grâce à de nouvelles configurations, représentations et pratiques des relations entre chercheurs et autres acteurs du territoire, publics comme privés. Autrement dit, la transformation implique un changement de gouvernance, pour aller vers une gestion adaptative des territoires, des ressources naturelles et des sociétés qui en dépendent. Elle doit faire une plus grande place aux interactions entre humains et non-humains, redéfinir en profondeur le rapport homme / nature et passer par un rééquilibrage des pouvoirs entre groupes d'acteurs et institutions, dans le processus de décision en matière de gestion environnementale. Les sciences sociales et en particulier l'anthropologie des relations homme / milieu, la sociologie politique des sciences, la sociologie politique et l'économie écologique doivent être mobilisées à cette fin, en étroite interaction avec l'écologie. Les zones-ateliers fournissent à ce titre des cas privilégiés, permettant d'opérer ce changement de paradigme, en donnant une plus grande place à l'action collective, à l'hybridation des savoirs et à l'articulation équilibrée entre intérêts divergents. Elles permettent d'identifier les paramètres déterminants pour générer de manière efficace la transformation. La ZATA, zone atelier Antarctique et Terres Australes, malgré une pression anthropique directe limitée, offre un cadre de travail privilégié pour identifier les paramètres nécessaires à la mise en œuvre d'une gouvernance propice à une gestion adaptative permettant d'augmenter la résilience des SES. La pression du changement global y est très forte, tout comme les interactions entre les diverses catégories d'acteurs et d'institutions historiquement situées. La présence des scientifiques y est très installée et mêlée à des enjeux politiques, économiques et géostratégiques auxquels contribuent la conservation de la biodiversité. A partir de deux modèles d'étude (pêcheries à Kerguelen et interactions avec la mégafaune marine/ conservation des oiseaux marins, pathogènes et dératisation à Amsterdam) faisant intervenir des chercheurs, des décideurs, des gestionnaires et les acteurs économiques dans le processus de décision multi-échelles (e.g. État français / CCAMLAR-RCTA) en termes de gestion environnementale, nous présenterons une méthode de modélisation des socio-écosystèmes en systèmes dynamiques. Les modèles produits permettent d'envisager leurs trajectoires de résilience en fonction des choix de gestion et peuvent ainsi servir d'outil d'aide à la décision et d'instrument inédit en matière de construction des mesures de gestion adaptative. Cette communication, élaborée au fil des interactions avec les gestionnaires, alliera ainsi réflexion théorique et retours sur des cas concrets pouvant permettre une montée en généralité utile pour aller vers une gouvernance des SES effective et efficace en termes de résilience et de soutenabilité. |
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yes |
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8096 |
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Author |
Moynard Fanny |
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L’exposition des insectes aux insecticides accroît-elle leur sensibilité au réchauffement climatique? Master 1 EFCE, Université de Rennes 1 (Encadrement: D. Renault) |
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Master 1 |
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2020 |
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136 |
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yes |
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7757 |
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Isotopic analyses of ion irradiation-induced organic residues, clues on the formation of organics from UCAMMS |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
Publication |
Lunar and Planetary Science, id 1630 |
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51 |
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1630 |
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1120 |
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yes |
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7913 |
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Iron of glacial origin at Kerguelen. Geochemical and bioavialablity characterizations |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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Iron of glacial origin at kerguelen. geochemical and bioavialablity characterizations |
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1184 |
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yes |
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8052 |
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Interannual variability of summer surface mass balance and surface melting in the Amundsen sector, West Antarctica |
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2020 |
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The Cryosphere |
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14 |
Issue |
1 |
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229-249 |
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411 |
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1994-0416 |
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7640 |
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Jan Jansen, Piers K. Dunstan, Nicole A. Hill, Philippe Koubbi, Jessica Melbourne-Thomas, Romain Causse, Craig R. Johnson |
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Integrated assessment of the spatial distribution and structural dynamics of deep benthic marine communities |
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2020 |
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Ecological Applications |
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30 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e02065 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica continental shelf deep sea ecosystem dynamic ecosystem structure qualitative network model Southern Ocean spatial model species archetype model upper slope |
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Abstract |
Characterizing the spatial distribution and variation of species communities and validating these characteristics with data from the field are key elements for an ecosystem-based approach to management. However, models of species distributions that yield community structure are usually not linked to models of community dynamics, constraining understanding and management of the ecosystem, particularly in data-poor regions. Here we use a qualitative network model to predict changes in Antarctic benthic community structure between major marine habitats characterized largely by seafloor depth and slope, and use multivariate mixture models of species distributions to validate the community dynamics. We then assess how future increases in primary production associated with anticipated loss of sea-ice may affect the ecosystem. Our study shows how both spatial and structural features of ecosystems in data-poor regions can be analyzed and possible futures assessed, with direct relevance for ecosystem-based management. |
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281 |
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1939-5582 |
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8263 |
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Angus F. Henderson, Clive R. McMahon, Rob Harcourt, Christophe Guinet, Baptiste Picard, Simon Wotherspoon, Mark A. Hindell |
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Title |
Inferring Variation in Southern Elephant Seal At-Sea Mortality by Modelling Tag Failure |
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2020 |
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Frontiers in Marine Science |
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7 |
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796 |
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Identifying factors influencing survivorship is key to understanding population persistence. Although satellite telemetry is a powerful tool for studying remote animal ecology and behaviour it is rarely used for demographic studies because distinguishing the death of the animal (individual mortality) from failure of the tag (mechanical tag failure) has proven difficult. Southern elephant seals present an opportunity to separate tag failure from animal mortality thanks to the availability of large tracking datasets, broad knowledge of demographic rates, and because for these large animals, satellite tags are known not to influence mortality rates. A key rationale for investigating satellite telemetry to estimate mortality as compared to using traditional Capture-Mark-Recapture methods is the potential for obtaining spatially and temporally specific information, particularly while the animals are at sea and largely unobservable. We used satellite tag data from 182 seals from Isles Kerguelen, deployed between 2004 and 2018. Of these, 76 (42%) tags transmitted for the full post-moult foraging trip (max. 265 days for females and max. 305 days for sub-adult males) with the remaining 107 tags (58%) ceasing transmission at sea. We found that contrary to expectations, behavioural choices seem not to influence tag failure rates by mechanical means, rather the signals we detected seemed to align with previously described variation in mortality between groups. There was evidence, albeit limited, for an increase in tag failure for adult females in years with negative Southern Annular Mode (lower Southern Ocean productivity). We speculate that this increase in failure may suggest higher mortality in these years. Also, males using the Kerguelen Plateau had higher tag failure rates than those in the sea-ice zone, perhaps indicative of higher mortality. We suspect that these differences in tag failure rates between groups reflect variation in predator exposure and foraging success. This suggests satellite telemetry could be used to infer mortality events for southern elephant seals while they are at sea. |
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2296-7745 |
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8007 |
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Labonne J., Robin J.-p., Améziane N., Barbraud C., Bétoulle S., Bost C., Boulinier T., Charassin J.-b., Cotté C., Eleaume M., Gallut C., Gaudin P., Guinet C., Hennion F., Koubbi P., Le Bohec C., Lebouvier M., Mazé C., Renault D., Ropert-coudert Y., Saucède T. Et Weimerskirch H. |
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Implementation of the Long Term Ecological Research network of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (LTER ZATA “ Zone Atelier Antarctique et Terres Australes”): toward an overall monitoring of the southern ecosystem through its marine and terrestrial communities |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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SCAR 2020 Online, 3-7 August 2020, oral. actes du colloque |
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Since 2000, the French Long Term Ecological Research network of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (LTER ZATA “ Zone Atelier Antarctique et Terres Australes”) has endeavoured to monitor the dynamics of biodiversity in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Our LTER encompasses multiple scientific programs and can provide access to long term monitoring of more than 40 marine, freshwater and terrestrial vertebrate species (including 27 bird species), 20 terrestrial and freshwater plant and invertebrate species. For some species, monitoring was initiated well before the 2000s, as earlier as the years 1960-1970. More recently, monitorings have been initiated at the community level for pelagic and coastal marine biota, and were complemented by eco-physiological, eco-epidemiological and stress observing projects focussing on multiple species and communities. The main objective of our LTER is to provide a general dashboard to assess health of southern ecosystems along with the selective pressures and overall resilience due to environmental changes. The French LTER ZATA has strongly benefited from sustained support from the French Polar Institute over decades, clearly linking fundings and resource allocations to our capacity to assess and understand southern ecosystems. In this talk, we will give a first picture of this dashboard based on our existing databases. We will also present future developments and strategies that, for sure, have now to be integrated at the international level. |
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8376 |
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