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Author |
Legovini, Paride |
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Title |
Ambient seismic noise tomography of the Antarctic continent |
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2019 |
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The lithosphere of Antarctica reacts to both the stress variations due to the dynamics of the mantle and the variation of the glacial load due to changes in climate. These two factors act on the dynamics of the glacial mass, on the evolution of the continent's topography and on the plate seismicity. This means that the knowledge of spatial variations in lithospheric thickness is needed to comprehend of the processes that involve interactions between climate and the geosphere. The main aim of this work is to produce a tomographic model of the continent. The classic data source for tomographic studies is a set of seismic signals produced by earthquakes. In this work I use a different technique: information is extracted by correlating the ambient seismic noise recorded in different locations. Instead of a the classic cross-correlation, this work uses the phase cross correlation technique, which appears to be more robust in our use case. Signal phases are used even to improve the correlogram stacks, by weighting the stack samples according to the correlograms' coherence. In Antarctica, the 30s Rayleigh wave group velocity map shows lower velocities in East Antarctica, and higher velocities in West Antarctica, coherently with expectations related to a thicker cratonic crust in the East, and thinner extending crust in the West. Deeper sensitivity of longer periods make the color pattern switch for the 80s map, sensing the upper mantle and consequently higher velocity at the cold roots of cratonic East Antarctica and lower velocity in the tectonically active West. I also contributed to the maintenance and development of the seismic observational infrastructure in Antarctica. This thesis recaps the activities I carried out during my participation to the 31st campaign of the Italian National Antarctic Research Program, to which I participated during the PhD course. |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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7283 |
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Roux N., Grenier C., Delangle E. Marlin Ch., Griselin M., Saintenoy A., Friedt J. |
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Conference - International - Article with Reading Comitee |
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2012 |
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304 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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3812 |
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Marlin C, Delangle E, Griselin M, Quenet M, Tolle F, Bernard E, Saintenoy A, Friedt J |
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Title |
Hydrogeochemical approach to understanding the glacier-permafrost subglacial-system interactions in a glaciated catchment of Western Spitsbergen.
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Conference - International - Article with Reading Comitee |
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2012 |
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10th International Conference on Permafrost, which will take place on June 25-29, 2012 in Russia, in Salekhard, Yamal-nenets Autonomous District, Russia. Article de 4 pages |
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304 |
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3813 |
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Title |
High frequency Barium profiles in shells of the Great Scallop Pecten maximus: a methodical long-term and multi-site survey in Western Europe |
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2009 |
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Biogeosciences |
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6 |
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2 |
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157-170 |
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1090 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Copernicus Publications |
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1726-4189 |
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yes |
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3 |
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Title |
Coexistence of oceanic predators on wintering areas explained by population-scale foraging segregation in space or time
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2012 |
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ECOLOGY |
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93 |
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1 |
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122-130 |
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Animals, Carbon Isotopes, Demography, Nitrogen Isotopes, Oceans and Seas, Predatory Behavior, Seasons, Species Specificity, Spheniscidae, Time Factors, |
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Ecological niche theory predicts segregation mechanisms that mitigate potential competition between closely related organisms. However, little is known outside the breeding season, when central-place foraging animals may move on larger scales. This study tested for segregation mechanisms within the same 2007 inter-breeding period on three neighboring populations of avian predators from the southern Indian Ocean: Eastern Rockhopper Penguins Eudyptes filholi from Crozet and Kerguelen and Northern Rockhopper Penguins E. moseleyi from Amsterdam. Using state-of-the-art geolocation tracking and stable isotope analysis techniques, we quantified and compared the ecological niches in time, space, and diet. The three populations showed large-scale movements over deep oceanic waters near the Subantarctic Front, with generally little individual variation. The two neighboring populations of Eastern Rockhopper Penguins showed strikingly distinct distribution in space, while foraging in similar habitats and at the same trophic level (crustacean-eaters). In contrast, Northern Rockhoppers showed marked spatial overlap with birds of the sibling Eastern species, but their temporal delay of two months enabled them to effectively avoid significant overlap. Our results highlight parsimonious mechanisms of resource partitioning operating at the population level that may explain how animals from neighboring localities can coexist during the nonbreeding period. |
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109;394 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0012-9658 |
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yes |
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55 |
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Author |
Hamilton J-Ch, Charlassier R, Cressiot C, Kaplan J, Piat M, Rosset C, |
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Title |
Sensitivity of a bolometric interferometer to the cosmic microwave backgroud power spectrum
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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A&A |
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491 |
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3 |
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923-927 |
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Context. The search for B-mode polarization fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background is one of the main challenges of modern cosmology. The expected level of the B-mode signal is very low and therefore requires the development of highly sensitive instruments with low systematic errors. An appealing possibility is bolometric interferometry. Aims. We compare in this article the sensitivity on the CMB angular power spectrum achieved with direct imaging, heterodyne and bolometric interferometry. Methods. Using a simple power spectrum estimator, we calculate its variance leading to the counterpart for bolometric interferometry of the well known Knox formula for direct imaging. Results. We find that bolometric interferometry is less sensitive than direct imaging. However, as expected, it is finally more sensitive than heterodyne interferometry due to the low noise of the bolometers. It therefore appears as an alternative to direct imagers with different and possibly lower systematic errors, mainly due to the absence of an optical setup in front of the horns. |
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915 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0004-6361 |
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yes |
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120 |
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Book Whole |
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2009 |
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139;905 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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128 |
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Title |
QUBIC: the Q&U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology |
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2009 |
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JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS |
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167 |
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5-6 |
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872-878 |
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Abstract |
The primordial B-mode polarisation of the Cosmic Microwave Background is the imprints of the gravitational wave background generated by inflation. Observing the B-mode is up to now the most direct way to constrain the physics of the primordial Universe, especially inflation. To detect these B-modes, high sensitivity is required as well as an exquisite control of systematics effects. To comply with these requirements, we propose a new instrument called QUBIC (Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology) based on bolometric interferometry. The control of systematics is obtained with a close-packed interferometer while bolometers cooled to very low temperature allow for high sensitivity. We present the architecture of this new instrument, the status of the project and the self-calibration technique which allows accurate measurement of the instrumental systematic effects. |
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915 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0022-2291 |
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yes |
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231 |
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Author |
R. Charlassier, E.F. Bunn, J.-Ch. Hamilton, J. Kaplan, S. Malu. |
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Title |
Bandwidth in bolometric interferometry.
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS |
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514 |
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Context. Bolometric interferometry is a promising new technology with potential applications to the detection of B-mode polarization fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). A bolometric interferometer will have to take advantage of the wide spectral detection band of its bolometers to be competitive with imaging experiments. A crucial concern is that interferometers are assumed to be significantly affected by a spoiling effect known as bandwidth smearing. Aims: We investigate how the bandwidth modifies the work principle of a bolometric interferometer and affects its sensitivity to the CMB angular power spectra. Methods: We obtain analytical expressions for the broadband visibilities measured by broadband heterodyne and bolometric interferometers. We investigate how the visibilities must be reconstructed in a broadband bolometric interferometer and show that this critically depends on hardware properties of the modulation phase shifters. If the phase shifters produce shifts that are constant with respect to frequency, the instrument works like its monochromatic version (the modulation matrix is not modified), while if they vary (linearly or otherwise) with respect to frequency, one has to perform a special reconstruction scheme, which allows the visibilities to be reconstructed in frequency subbands. Using an angular power spectrum estimator that accounts for the bandwidth, we finally calculate the sensitivity of a broadband bolometric interferometer. A numerical simulation is performed that confirms the analytical results. Results: We conclude that (i) broadband bolometric interferometers allow broadband visibilities to be reconstructed regardless of the type of phase shifters used and (ii) for dedicated B-mode bolometric interferometers, the sensitivity loss caused by bandwidth smearing is quite acceptable, even for wideband instruments (a factor of 2 loss for a typical 20% bandwidth experiment). |
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915 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0004-6361 |
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yes |
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465 |
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Title |
Quality Assessment of the First Measurements of Tropospheric Water Vapor and Temperature by the HAMSTRAD Radiometer Over Concordia Station, Antarctica
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on |
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0196-2892 |
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PP |
Issue |
99 |
Pages |
1-23 |
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Keywords |
Extraterrestrial measurements, Instruments, Microwave radiometry, Ocean temperature, Temperature measurement, Terrestrial atmosphere, Water, Antarctica, atmospheric measurements, humidity measurements, least squares methods, microwave measurements, microwave radiometry, temperature measurements, time series analysis, |
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910,1013 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0196-2892 |
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yes |
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660 |
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