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Author |
Etienne Vignon, Christophe Genthon, Hélène Barral, Charles Amory, Ghislain Picard, Hubert Gallée, Giampietro Casasanta, Stefania Argentini |
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Title |
Momentum- and Heat-Flux Parametrization at Dome C, Antarctica: A Sensitivity Study |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Boundary-layer meteorology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
162 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
341-367 |
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Abstract |
An extensive meteorological observational dataset at Dome C, East Antarctic Plateau, enabled estimation of the sensitivity of surface momentum and sensible heat fluxes to aerodynamic roughness length and atmospheric stability in this region. Our study reveals that (1) because of the preferential orientation of snow micro-reliefs (sastrugi), the aerodynamic roughness length z0z0z{0} varies by more than two orders of magnitude depending on the wind direction; consequently, estimating the turbulent fluxes with a realistic but constant z0z0z{0} of 1 mm leads to a mean friction velocity bias of 24%24%24\,\% in near-neutral conditions; (2) the dependence of the ratio of the roughness length for heat z0tz0tz{0t} to z0z0z{0} on the roughness Reynolds number is shown to be in reasonable agreement with previous models; (3) the wide range of atmospheric stability at Dome C makes the flux very sensitive to the choice of the stability functions; stability function models presumed to be suitable for stable conditions were evaluated and shown to generally underestimate the dimensionless vertical temperature gradient; as these models differ increasingly with increases in the stability parameter z / L, heat flux and friction velocity relative differences reached 100%100%100\,\% when z/L>1z/L>1z/L > 1; (4) the shallowness of the stable boundary layer is responsible for significant sensitivity to the height of the observed temperature and wind data used to estimate the fluxes. Consistent flux results were obtained with atmospheric measurements at heights up to 2 m. Our sensitivity study revealed the need to include a dynamical parametrization of roughness length over Antarctica in climate models and to develop new parametrizations of the surface fluxes in very stable conditions, accounting, for instance, for the divergence in both radiative and turbulent fluxes in the first few metres of the boundary layer. |
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1013,1110 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0006-8314, 1573-1472 |
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0006-8314, 1573-1472 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6572 |
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Author |
Julien Goebel, Marta Promerová, Francesco Bonadonna, Karen D. McCoy, Céline Serbielle, Maria Strandh, Glenn Yannic, Reto Burri, Luca Fumagalli |
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Title |
100 million years of multigene family evolution: origin and evolution of the avian MHC class IIB |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Bmc genomics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
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Pages |
460 |
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Keywords |
Birds Birth-death evolution Concerted evolution Gene conversion Gene duplication Major histocompatibility complex Recombination |
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Abstract |
Gene duplication has led to a most remarkable adaptation involved in vertebrates’ host-pathogen arms-race, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). However, MHC duplication history is as yet poorly understood in non-mammalian vertebrates, including birds. |
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Programme |
333,354 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1471-2164 |
ISBN |
1471-2164 |
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yes |
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6577 |
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Author |
Juliana A. Vianna, Daly Noll, Gisele P. M. Dantas, Maria Virginia Petry, Andrés Barbosa, Daniel González-Acuña, Céline Le Bohec, Francesco Bonadonna, Elie Poulin |
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Title |
Marked phylogeographic structure of Gentoo penguin reveals an ongoing diversification process along the Southern Ocean |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
107 |
Issue |
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Pages |
486-498 |
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Keywords |
Climate change Demographic history Polar region Population structure Seabirds |
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Abstract |
Two main hypotheses have been debated about the biogeography of the Southern Ocean: (1) the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), acting as a barrier between Antarctic and sub-Antarctic provinces, and (2) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), promoting gene flow among sub-Antarctic areas. The Gentoo penguin is distributed throughout these two provinces, separated by the APF. We analyzed mtDNA (HVR1) and 12 microsatellite loci of 264 Gentoo penguins, Pygoscelis papua, from 12 colonies spanning from the Western Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands (WAP) to the sub-Antarctic Islands (SAI). While low genetic structure was detected among WAP colonies (mtDNA ФST=0.037–0.133; microsatellite FST=0.009–0.063), high differentiation was found between all SAI and WAP populations (mtDNA ФST=0.678–0.930; microsatellite FST=0.110–0.290). These results suggest that contemporary dispersal around the Southern Ocean is very limited or absent. As predicted, the APF appears to be a significant biogeographical boundary for Gentoo penguin populations; however, the ACC does not promote connectivity in this species. Our data suggest demographic expansion in the WAP during the last glacial maximum (LGM, about 20kya), but stability in SAI. Phylogenetic analyses showed a deep divergence between populations from the WAP and those from the SAI. Therefore, taxonomy should be further revised. The Crozet Islands resulted as a basal clade (3.57Mya), followed by the Kerguelen Islands (2.32Mya) as well as a more recent divergence between the Falkland/Malvinas Islands and the WAP (1.27Mya). Historical isolation, local adaptation, and past climate scenarios of those Evolutionarily Significant Units may have led to different potentials to respond to climate changes. |
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Programme |
137,354 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1055-7903 |
ISBN |
1055-7903 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6578 |
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Author |
Bonadonna F. |
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Title |
It was a Dark and Stormy Night (Plenary Talk) |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Sie xxvii congress of the italian society for animal behaviour, 18-21 June 2017, Calci (pisa), Italy |
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354 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6580 |
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Author |
Manfred R. Enstipp, Charles-André Bost, Céline Le Bohec, Caroline Bost, Yvon Le Maho, Henri Weimerskirch, Yves Handrich |
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Title |
Apparent changes in body insulation of juvenile king penguins suggest an energetic challenge during their early life at sea |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
220 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
2666-2678 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Skip to Next Section Little is known about the early life at sea of marine top predators, like deep-diving king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), although this dispersal phase is probably a critical phase in their life. Apart from finding favourable foraging sites, they have to develop effective prey search patterns as well as physiological capacities that enable them to capture sufficient prey to meet their energetic needs. To investigate the ontogeny of their thermoregulatory responses at sea, we implanted 30 juvenile king penguins and 8 adult breeders with a small data logger that recorded pressure and subcutaneous temperature continuously for up to 2.5 years. We found important changes in the development of peripheral temperature patterns of foraging juvenile king penguins throughout their first year at sea. Peripheral temperature during foraging bouts fell to increasingly lower levels during the first 6 months at sea, after which it stabilized. Most importantly, these changes re-occurred during their second year at sea, after birds had fasted for ∼4 weeks on land during their second moult. Furthermore, similar peripheral temperature patterns were also present in adult birds during foraging trips throughout their breeding cycle. We suggest that rather than being a simple consequence of concurrent changes in dive effort or an indication of a physiological maturation process, these seasonal temperature changes mainly reflect differences in thermal insulation. Heat loss estimates for juveniles at sea were initially high but declined to approximately half after ∼6 months at sea, suggesting that juvenile king penguins face a strong energetic challenge during their early oceanic existence. |
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Programme |
109,137,394 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0022-0949, 1477-9145 |
ISBN |
0022-0949, 1477-9145 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6587 |
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Author |
Lebouvier M., Barbraud C., Chapuis J.-L., Delord K., Fourcy D., Guinet C., Ropert-Coudert Y. |
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Title |
De là-haut on voit mieux ! Télé-observation dans la Zone Atelier Antarctique et Subantarctique |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
12èmes journées scientifiques du CNFRA, Paris, France, 11-12 mai 2017 |
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Programme |
136 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6615 |
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Author |
Renault D., Ouisse T. |
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Title |
Spatial sorting and phenotypic differentiation of the populations of the invasive carabid beetle Merizodus soledadinus at the Kerguelen Islands |
Type |
Conference - International - Poster |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Xiith scar biology symposium, leuven, belgium, 10-14/07/2017 |
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Programme |
136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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Serial |
6616 |
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Author |
Gadea A., Le Dévéhat F., Le Lamer A.c., Le Pogam P., Ertz D., Charrier M., Boustie J. |
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Title |
Sectorial land snail damage to the lichen Argopsis friesiana could be explained by metabolite profiles |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Joint natural products conference, copenhague, danemark, 24-27/07/2016 |
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Programme |
136 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6619 |
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Author |
Henri Weimerskirch, Aurélien Prudor, Quentin Schull |
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Title |
Flights of drones over sub-Antarctic seabirds show species- and status-specific behavioural and physiological responses |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
259-266 |
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Abstract |
Drones and unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly used in research on wildlife. Their wide applications can also give interesting insights into habitat use and population distribution. However, the disturbance they might be responsible for, on species and especially in protected areas has yet to be investigated. We assessed and compared the behavioural response of 11 southern seabird species at the Crozet Islands, Southern Indian Ocean, to drone approaches at specific altitudes. We first show that the behavioural response differed between species depending on the altitude of the drone approach. At 50 m of altitude, only one of the studied species showed a detectable reaction, whereas at 10 m, most species showed strong behavioural postures of stress. Adult penguins breeding in large colonies, and some albatross species showed little behavioural response even when the drone was as close as 3 m, whereas other species such as giant petrels or cormorants appeared highly sensitive to drone approaches. Among King Penguins, although incubating adults showed little signs of behavioural stress, non-breeding adults and fledglings in crèches exhibited strong behavioural responses to the drone approach. Monitoring heart rate allowed us to investigate the link between behavioural and physiological response to that specific potential stressor in king penguins. Whereas we confirmed the expected link between physiological and behavioural response in chicks, breeding adults showed no behavioural sign of stress but had a significant increase in heart rate, the relative increase being higher than in chicks. All together these results have important implications for the conservation of species and should be helpful for future legislations on the use of drones. |
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Programme |
109,119 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0722-4060, 1432-2056 |
ISBN |
0722-4060, 1432-2056 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6666 |
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Author |
S. Goursaud, V. Masson-Delmotte, V. Favier, S. Preunkert, M. Fily, H. Gallée, B. Jourdain, M. Legrand, O. Magand, B. Minster, M. Werner |
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Title |
A 60-year ice-core record of regional climate from Adélie Land, coastal Antarctica |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
343-362 |
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Abstract |
A 22.4 m-long shallow firn core was extracted during the 2006/2007 field season from coastal Adélie Land. Annual layer counting based on subannual analyses of δ18O and major chemical components was combined with 5 reference years associated with nuclear tests and non-retreat of summer sea ice to build the initial ice-core chronology (1946–2006), stressing uncertain counting for 8 years. We focus here on the resulting δ18O and accumulation records. With an average value of 21.8 ± 6.9 cm w.e. yr−1, local accumulation shows multi-decadal variations peaking in the 1980s, but no long-term trend. Similar results are obtained for δ18O, also characterised by a remarkably low and variable amplitude of the seasonal cycle. The ice-core records are compared with regional records of temperature, stake area accumulation measurements and variations in sea-ice extent, and outputs from two models nudged to ERA (European Reanalysis) atmospheric reanalyses: the high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), including stable water isotopes ECHAM5-wiso (European Centre Hamburg model), and the regional atmospheric model Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (AR). A significant linear correlation is identified between decadal variations in δ18O and regional temperature. No significant relationship appears with regional sea-ice extent. A weak and significant correlation appears with Dumont d'Urville wind speed, increasing after 1979. The model-data comparison highlights the inadequacy of ECHAM5-wiso simulations prior to 1979, possibly due to the lack of data assimilation to constrain atmospheric reanalyses. Systematic biases are identified in the ECHAM5-wiso simulation, such as an overestimation of the mean accumulation rate and its interannual variability, a strong cold bias and an underestimation of the mean δ18O value and its interannual variability. As a result, relationships between simulated δ18O and temperature are weaker than observed. Such systematic precipitation and temperature biases are not displayed by MAR, suggesting that the model resolution plays a key role along the Antarctic ice sheet coastal topography. Interannual variations in ECHAM5-wiso temperature and precipitation accurately capture signals from meteorological data and stake observations and are used to refine the initial ice-core chronology within 2 years. After this adjustment, remarkable positive (negative) δ18O anomalies are identified in the ice-core record and the ECHAM5-wiso simulation in 1986 and 2002 (1998–1999), respectively. Despite uncertainties associated with post-deposition processes and signal-to-noise issues, in one single coastal ice-core record, we conclude that the S1C1 core can correctly capture major annual anomalies in δ18O as well as multi-decadal variations. These findings highlight the importance of improving the network of coastal high-resolution ice-core records, and stress the skills and limitations of atmospheric models for accumulation and δ18O in coastal Antarctic areas. This is particularly important for the overall East Antarctic ice sheet mass balance. |
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Programme |
411,414,1154 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1994-0424 |
ISBN |
1994-0424 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6672 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
