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Author |
Leduc-Leballeur Marion, Picard Ghislain, Mialon Arnaud, Arnaud Laurent, Lefebvre Eric, Possenti Philippe, Kerr Yann, |
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Title |
Modeling L-Band Brightness Temperature at Dome C in Antarctica and Comparison With SMOS Observations |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
53 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
4022-4032 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica, Brightness temperature, Dome C, Ice, L-band, L-band brightness temperature, L-band characteristics, Microwave, SMOS observations, Scattering, Snow, Temperature measurement, brightness suggest snowpack, emission e-folding depth, hydrological techniques, incidence angles, ocean waves, radiative transfer, radiative transfer (RT) theory, radiative transfer theory, remote sensing, seasonal variations, snow, snow emission stability, snow properties, snowpack variability density, soil, soil moisture ocean salinity satellite observation, wave approach, wave theory, |
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Programme |
1073,1110 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0196-2892 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6127 |
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Author |
Libois Q, Picard G, Arnaud L, Dumont M, Lafaysse M, Morin S, Lefebvre E, |
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Title |
Summertime evolution of snow specific surface area close to the surface on the Antarctic Plateau
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
4499-4538 |
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Abstract |
On the Antarctic Plateau, snow specific surface area (SSA) close to the surface shows complex variations at daily to seasonal scales which affect the surface albedo and in turn the surface energy budget of the ice sheet. While snow metamorphism, precipitation and strong wind events are known to drive SSA variations, usually in opposite ways, their relative contributions remain unclear. Here, a comprehensive set of SSA observations at Dome C is analysed with respect to meteorological conditions to assess the respective roles of these factors. The results show an average two-to-three-fold SSA decrease from October to February in the topmost 10 cm, in response to the increase of air temperature and absorption of solar radiation in the snowpack during spring and summer. Surface SSA is also characterised by significant daily to weekly variations, due to the deposition of small crystals with SSA up to 100 m2 kg−1 onto the surface during snowfall and blowing snow events. To complement these field observations, the detailed snowpack model Crocus is used to simulate SSA, with the intent to further investigate the previously found correlation between inter-annual variability of summer SSA decrease and summer precipitation amount. To this end, Crocus parameterizations have been adapted to Dome C conditions, and the model was forced by ERA-Interim reanalysis. It successfully matches the observations at daily to seasonal time scales, except for few cases when snowfalls are not captured by the reanalysis. On the contrary, the inter-annual variability of summer SSA decrease is poorly simulated when compared to 14 years of microwave satellite data sensititve to the near surface SSA. A simulation with disabled summer precipitation confirms the weak influence in the model of the precipitation on metamorphism, with only 6 % enhancement. However we found that disabling strong wind events in the model is sufficient to reconciliate the simulations with the observations. This suggests that Crocus reproduces well the contributions of metamorphism and precipitation on surface SSA, but that snow compaction by the wind might be overestimated in the model. |
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Programme |
1110 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
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ISSN |
1994-0424 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6128 |
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Author |
Smet Willem H De, |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Zootaxa |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
3941 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
221-38 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica, Pseudingolfiella, biogeography, chorology, diversity, |
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Programme |
136 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1175-5326 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6130 |
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Title |
Large-scale climatic anomalies affect marine predator foraging behaviour and demography.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Nature communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
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Pages |
8220-8220 |
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Abstract |
Determining the links between the behavioural and population responses of wild species to environmental variations is critical for understanding the impact of climate variability on ecosystems. Using long-term data sets, we show how large-scale climatic anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere affect the foraging behaviour and population dynamics of a key marine predator, the king penguin. When large-scale subtropical dipole events occur simultaneously in both subtropical Southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans, they generate tropical anomalies that shift the foraging zone southward. Consequently the distances that penguins foraged from the colony and their feeding depths increased and the population size decreased. This represents an example of a robust and fast impact of large-scale climatic anomalies affecting a marine predator through changes in its at-sea behaviour and demography, despite lack of information on prey availability. Our results highlight a possible behavioural mechanism through which climate variability may affect population processes.
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Programme |
109,394 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
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ISSN |
2041-1723 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6184 |
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Author |
Genthon C, Six D, Scarchilli C, Ciardini V, Frezzotti M, |
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Title |
Meteorological and snow accumulation gradients across Dome C, East Antarctic plateau
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
International Journal of Climatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
455-466 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
In situ observations show that snow accumulation is ~10% larger 25 km north than south of the summit of Dome C on the east antarctic plateau. The mean wind direction is southerly. Although a slight slope-related diverging katabatic flow component is detectable, the area is an essentially flat (~10 m elevation change or less) homogeneous snow surface. The European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts meteorological analyses data reproduce a significant accumulation gradient and suggest that 90% of the the mean accumulation results from the 25% largest precipitation events. During these events, air masses originate from coastal areas in the north rather than from inland in the south. Radiative cooling condensation occurs on the way across the dome and as the moisture reservoir is depleted less snow is dumped 25 km south than north, with little direct impact from the local (50-km scale) topography. Air masses are warmer on average, and warmer north than south, when originating from the coast. This marginally affects the mean temperature gradients. The moisture gradients are more affected because moisture is nonlinearly related to temperature: the mean atmospheric moisture is larger north than south. Significant meteorological and hydrological gradients over such relatively small distances (50 km) over locally flat region may be an issue when interpreting ice cores: although cores are drilled at the top of domes and ridges where the slopes and elevation gradients are minimal, they sample small surfaces in areas affected by significant meteorological and hydrological spatial gradients. |
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Programme |
411,1013 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0899-8418 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6192 |
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Author |
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Title |
Characterization of the boundary layer at Dome C (East Antarctica) during the OPALE summer campaign
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
6225-6236 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
414,903,1013 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6213 |
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Author |
Schull Q., Dobson F. S., Stier A., Lefol E., Saadaoui H., Robin J. P., Bize P. et V. A. Viblanc |
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Title |
Experimental and correlative evidence for condition-dependent sexual signals in breeding king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus). 2th World Seabird Conference. Cape Town (Afrique du Sud), 26-30 Octobre. |
Type |
Conference - International - Communication |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
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Programme |
119 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5212 |
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Conference - International - Poster |
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Year |
2015 |
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Programme |
1041 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6334 |
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Author |
Ardhuin, F., F. Collard, B. Chapron, F. Girard-Ardhuin, G. Guitton, A. Mouche, J. Stopa |
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Title |
Estimates of ocean wave heights and attenuation in sea ice using the SAR wave mode on Sentinel-1A. |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
0094-8276 |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Swell evolution from the open ocean into sea ice is poorly understood, in particular the amplitude attenuation expected from scattering and dissipation. New synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from Sentinel-1A wave mode reveal intriguing patterns of bright oscillating lines shaped like instant noodles. We investigate cases in which the oscillations are in the azimuth direction, around a straight line in the range direction. This observation is interpreted as the distortion by the SAR processing of crests from a first swell, due to the presence of a second swell. Since deviations from a straight line should be proportional to the orbital velocity toward the satellite, swell height can be estimated, from 1.5 to 5 m in the present case. The evolution of this 13 s period swell across the ice pack is consistent with an exponential attenuation on a length scale of 200 km. |
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Programme |
1090 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0094-8276 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6336 |
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Title |
Late Holocene glacier activity on the Kerguelen Island, South Indian Ocean – reconstructed from distal glacier-fed lake sediments |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
OSM PAGES, Zaragoza, Spain |
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Abstract |
The Southern Hemisphere`s westerly winds play a vital role in regulating Earth`s climate by shielding Antarctic ice from low latitude heat, driving global ocean circulation and storing vast amounts of CO2. Both strength and position of this globally significant atmospheric pattern are rapidly shifting in the face of ongoing warming. A string of recent studies links these developments to dramatic changes in temperature, precipitation, sea ice extent and cryosphere stability unfolding throughout the Southern Ocean region. Critically, a lack of baseline information restricts our ability to understand the causes and patterns of these shifts and represent them in the future projections that underpin climate policies. Especially in the Southern Ocean, there are few time series recording past climate due to few suitable land areas and the few Sub-Antarctic Islands is remote and has cumbersome logistics. Kerguelen Island is located within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Southern Westerly wind belt and contains several glaciers and smaller ice caps. Terrestrial archives recording past history of the glaciers at Kerguelen thus have a unique potential to record past changes in oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns from southern mid latitudes. Here we present results from the first distal glacier fed lake study at the Kerguelen Island. A 2.8 m long sediment core was obtained from Lac Guynemer (121masl.), a lake that receives glacial meltwater from Glacier Guynemer at the Pic Guynemer (1188masl.), located at the Peninsule Loranchet at the northern part of Kerguelen Island. The sediment core has been analyzed with highresolution core scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF), CT scanning, magnetic parameters, loss on ignition and dry bulk density, to reconstruct past glacier variability of Glacier Guynemer. The sediment record covers an interval over c. 1000 – 3500 cal. yr BP and show dynamic glacier variability during the Neoglacial time period, in phase with other glaciers reconstructed from the Southern Hemisphere. |
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Programme |
1094 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6372 |
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