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Author |
Agosta Cécile, Favier Vincent, Krinner Gerhard, Gallée Hubert, Fettweis Xavier, Genthon Christophe, |
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Title |
High-resolution modelling of the Antarctic surface mass balance, application for the twentieth, twenty first and twenty second centuries
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
CLIMATE DYNAMICS |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
11-12 |
Pages |
3247-3260- |
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Keywords |
Downscaling, Surface mass balance, Surface energy balance, Orographic precipitation, Antarctica, Sea-level, Climate-change, Ice-sheet, |
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Abstract |
About 75 % of the Antarctic surface mass gain occurs over areas below 2,000 m asl, which cover 40 % of the grounded ice-sheet. As the topography is complex in many of these regions, surface mass balance modelling is highly dependent on horizontal resolution, and studying the impact of Antarctica on the future rise in sea level requires physical approaches. We have developed a computationally efficient, physical downscaling model for high-resolution (15 km) long-term surface mass balance (SMB) projections. Here, we present results of this model, called SMHiL (surface mass balance high-resolution downscaling), which was forced with the LMDZ4 atmospheric general circulation model to assess Antarctic SMB variability in the twenty first and the twenty second centuries under two different scenarios. The higher resolution of SMHiL better reproduces the geographical patterns of SMB and increase significantly the averaged SMB over the grounded ice-sheet for the end of the twentieth century. A comparison with more than 3200 quality-controlled field data shows that LMDZ4 and SMHiL reproduce the observed values equally well. Nevertheless, field data below 2,000 m asl are too scarce to efficiently show the added value of SMHiL and measuring the SMB in these undocumented areas should be a future scientific priority. Our results suggest that running LMDZ4 at a finer resolution (15 km) may give a future increase in SMB in Antarctica that is about 30 % higher than by using its standard resolution (60 km) due to the higher increase in precipitation in coastal areas at 15 km. However, a part (~15 %) of these discrepancies could be an artefact from SMHiL since it neglects the foehn effect and likely overestimates the precipitation increase. Future changes in the Antarctic SMB at low elevations will result from the competition between higher snow accumulation and runoff. For this reason, developing downscaling models is crucial to represent processes in sufficient detail and correctly model the SMB in coastal areas. |
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Programme |
411,1013 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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0930-7575 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4768 |
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Author |
Labonne Jacques, Vignon Matthias, Prévost Etienne, Lecomte Frédéric, Dodson Julian J, Kaeuffer Renaud, Aymes Jean-Christophe, Jarry Marc, Gaudin Philippe, Davaine Patrick, Beall Edward, |
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Title |
Invasion Dynamics of a Fish-Free Landscape by Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e71052- |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Metapopulation dynamics over the course of an invasion are usually difficult to grasp because they require large and reliable data collection, often unavailable. The invasion of the fish-free freshwater ecosystems of the remote sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands following man-made introductions of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the 1950's is an exception to this rule. Benefiting from a full long term environmental research monitoring of the invasion, we built a Bayesian dynamic metapopulation model to analyze the invasion dynamics of 85 river systems over 51 years. The model accounted for patch size (river length and connections to lakes), alternative dispersal pathways between rivers, temporal trends in dynamics, and uncertainty in colonization date. The results show that the model correctly represents the observed pattern of invasion, especially if we assume a coastal dispersal pathway between patches. Landscape attributes such as patch size influenced the colonization function, but had no effect on propagule pressure. Independently from patch size and distance between patches, propagule pressure and colonization function were not constant through time. Propagule pressure increased over the course of colonization, whereas the colonization function decreased, conditional on propagule pressure. The resulting pattern of this antagonistic interplay is an initial rapid invasion phase followed by a strong decrease in the invasion rate. These temporal trends may be due to either adaptive processes or environmental gradients encountered along the colonization front. It was not possible to distinguish these two hypotheses. Because invasibility of Kerguelen Is. freshwater ecosystems is very high due to the lack of a pre-existing fish fauna and minimal human interference, our estimates of invasion dynamics represent a blueprint for the potential of brown trout invasiveness in pristine environments. Our conclusions shed light on the future of polar regions where, because of climate change, fish-free ecosystems become increasingly accessible to invasion by fish species. |
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Programme |
1041 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Public Library of Science |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4781 |
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Author |
Roux M., Eléaume M., Hemery L.G. & Améziane N. |
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Title |
When morphology meets molecular data in crinoid phylogeny: a challenge.,54: 541-548. |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Cahier de Biologie Marine |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Programme |
1044;1124 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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0007-9723 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4829 |
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Author |
Hemery L.G., Roux M., Améziane N. & Eléaume M. |
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Title |
High-resolution crinoid phyletic inter-relationships inferred from molecular data. |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Cahier de Biologie Marine |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
54 |
Issue |
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Pages |
511-523 |
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Programme |
1044;1124 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0007-9723 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4830 |
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Author |
E. Pepey, H. D’cotta, S. Ben Baaziz, Jp. Coutanceau, O. Coriton, C. Bonillo, M. Rodier-goud, L. Soler, A. D’hont, T. Kocher, C. Ozouf-costaz And Jf Baroiller |
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Title |
Fishing for tilapia sex genes by Chr3 microdissection .10th International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture (ISTA10), 6-10 oct. 2013 Jerusalem Israël. |
Type |
Conference - International - Communication |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
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Programme |
1124 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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Serial |
4835 |
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Author |
Charles Stépanoff, Carole Ferret, Gaëlle Lacaze, Julien Thorez |
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Title |
Nomadismes d’Asie centrale et septentrionale, Paris, Armand Colin.
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Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
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Abstract |
Liste des 20 textes dont je suis auteur dans cet ouvrage :
« Nomadismes : quelques définitions », p. 11
« Steppes et déserts d’Asie intérieure », avec Julien THOREZ, p. 31-33
« Montagnes d’Asie centrale », avec Amantour JAPAROV et Julien THOREZ, p. 34-36
« Transhumance dans le sud-est du Kazakhstan », p. 37
« Le pastoralisme nomade dans les steppes kazakhes », p. 38-42
« La caravane de nomadisation kazakhe avant la collectivisation », p. 71-72
« Le balaÄ¡an, maison de bois iakoute », p. 92
« Le découpage de l’espace dans l’aoul kazakh et ses alentours », avec Seïtkassym AOUELBEKOV, p. 99-102
« Rompre les entraves pour apprendre à marcher », p. 141
« Cuisine et goûts pastoraux », avec Gaëlle LACAZE, p. 150-152
« Le koumys en Asie intérieure », p. 153
Introduction (p. 164-170) et direction de la partie IV « Hommes et bêtes en mouvement »
« Calendrier des actions d’élevage et des déplacements saisonniers des éleveurs », p. 171
« Cheval et nomadisme », p. 177-180
« Les selles », p. 179
« Les jeux équestres », p. 181
« Le chameau en Asie intérieure », avec Charlotte MARCHINA, p. 182-183
« Bovins et sédentarisation », p. 195-196
« L’abattage du bétail », p. 197-199
« Nomades, caravanes commerciales et chemin de fer en Asie centrale », p. 238. |
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Programme |
1057 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4851 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Charles Stépanoff, Carole Ferret, Gaëlle Lacaze, Julien Thorez |
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Title |
Nomadismes d’Asie centrale et septentrionale. Paris, Armand Colin, 2013, 288 p., ill. Publié avec le concours du CNRS, du Collège de France et de l’EPHE. EAN : 978-2200275372 |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2013 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Abstract |
Nomades, semi-nomades ou transhumants, les peuples chasseurs et éleveurs d’Asie centrale, de Mongolie et de Sibérie font l’objet d’un vif intérêt dans nos sociétés, les médias livrant régulièrement de belles images des « derniers nomades ». Pourtant, la réalité de leur mode de vie, leur perception de l’environnement, la richesse des savoirs et des compétences qu’ils ont su développer pour vivre dans des milieux contraignants sont méconnues. Le nomadisme, loin de cette errance vagabonde et poétique à laquelle l’Occident l’a longtemps assimilé, s’appuie en effet sur des itinéraires planifiés, une connaissance approfondie des territoires, des savoir-faire complexes et des manières d’être originales.
Après le traumatisme des sédentarisations et l’échec des expérimentations productivistes de l’époque soviétique, le nomadisme apparaît aujourd’hui à certains peuples autochtones comme un élément fondateur de leur culture, voire comme un mode de vie viable leur assurant stabilité et autonomie. Autrefois moteur d’empires puissants comme celui de Gengis Khan, le nomadisme reste actuellement une référence politique essentielle dans la construction de l’identité des États désormais sédentarisés d’Asie centrale.
Pour la première fois, un ouvrage propose une approche globale de la question du rapport mobile de l’homme aux environnements de toundra, taïga et steppe. En abordant les thèmes des mobilités, de l’organisation de l’espace de vie, des techniques du corps, des liens avec les animaux ou des relations avec les sociétés sédentaires, une équipe internationale d’anthropologues, géographes et historiens offre un document exceptionnel, fruit d’enquêtes de longue durée. À travers cette exploration des nomadismes, c’est une manière toute singulière d’habiter le monde qui est ici mise en lumière. |
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Programme |
1057 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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Serial |
4856 |
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Author |
Hreinsdottir Sigrun, Sigmundsson Freysteinn, Roberts Matthew J, Bjornsson Halldor, Grapenthin Ronni, Arason Pordur, Arnadottir Thora, Holmjarn Josef, Geirsson Halldor, Bennett Richard A, Gudmundsson Magnus T, Oddsson Bjorn, Ofeigsson Benedikt G, Villemin Thierry, Jonsson Thorsteinn, Sturkell Erik, Hoskuldsson Armann, Larsen Gudrun, Thordarson Thor, Oladottir Bergrun Arna, |
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Title |
Volcanic plume height correlated with magma-pressure change at Grimsvotn Volcano, Iceland
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Nature Geoscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
214-218 |
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Abstract |
Magma flow during volcanic eruptions causes surface deformation that can be used to constrain the location, geometry and internal pressure evolution of the underlying magmatic source1. The height of the volcanic plumes during explosive eruptions also varies with magma flow rate, in a nonlinear way2, 3. In May 2011, an explosive eruption at Grímsvötn Volcano, Iceland, erupted about 0.27 km3 dense-rock equivalent of basaltic magma in an eruption plume that was about 20 km high. Here we use Global Positioning System (GPS) and tilt data, measured before and during the eruption at Grímsvötn Volcano, to show that the rate of pressure change in an underlying magma chamber correlates with the height of the volcanic plume over the course of the eruption. We interpret ground deformation of the volcano, measured by geodesy, to result from a pressure drop within a magma chamber at about 1.7 km depth. We estimate the rate of magma discharge and the associated evolution of the plume height by differentiating the co-eruptive pressure drop with time. The time from the initiation of the pressure drop to the onset of the eruption was about 60 min, with about 25% of the total pressure change preceding the eruption. Near-real-time geodetic observations can thus be useful for both timely eruption warnings and for constraining the evolution of volcanic plumes. |
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Programme |
316 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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ISSN |
1752-0894 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4880 |
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Author |
Bernard É, Friedt JM, Saintenoy A, Tolle F, Griselin M, Marlin C, |
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Title |
Where does a glacier end? GPR measurements to identify the limits between valley slopes and actual glacier body. Application to the Austre Lovénbreen, Spitsbergen |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
27, Part A |
Issue |
A |
Pages |
100-108 |
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Keywords |
Ground penetrating Radar, Glacier limit, Arctic, Spitsbergen, Polar glacier, |
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Programme |
1108,1111 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0303-2434 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4881 |
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Author |
Huiskes Ad HL, Gremmen Niek JM, Bergstrom Dana M, Frenot Yves, Hughes Kevin A, Imura Satoshi, Kiefer Kate, Lebouvier Marc, Lee Jennifer E, Tsujimoto Megumu, Ware Chris, Van de Vijver Bart, Chown Steven L, |
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Title |
Aliens in Antarctica: Assessing transfer of plant propagules by human visitors to reduce invasion risk
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
171 |
Issue |
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Pages |
278-284 |
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Keywords |
Biological invasions, Propagule pressure, Risk assessment, Self-assessment, Tourism, Vessel size, |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0006-3207 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4882 |
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Permanent link to this record |