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Author Wookey James doi  openurl
  Title Direct probabilistic inversion of shear wave data for seismic anisotropy Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Geophysical Journal International Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 189 Issue 2 Pages 1025 -1037  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Shear wave splitting is perhaps the most unambiguous signature of the effect of anisotropic materials on the propagation of seismic waves. It has been used extensively to study anisotropy in the Earth, at global scales from the inner core to the tectonics of the uppermost mantle and crust, and at smaller scales for imaging deformation in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Well-established techniques exist for measuring shear wave splitting in a single (three-component) seismogram and more recently these have been extended to treat shear wave splitting in a tomographic fashion: determining non-uniform anisotropic models using large data sets of splitting measurements. Here, I propose an extension to a recent shear wave splitting tomography methodology which incorporates the data analysis into the inversion itself. This methodology uses a non-linear neighbourhood algorithm inversion to explore the parameter space defined by an anisotropic model consisting of a number of uniform domains. Each candidate model is assessed by applying the splitting it predicts to the entire data set. This approach is computationally expensive, but is highly amenable to parallelization. I apply the methodology to three simple synthetic cases to demonstrate the utility of the method. Finally, I apply the approach to the problem of inferring two-layer anisotropy from SKS splitting, which is a commonly attempted problem in global seismology. This uses data from the seismic station EKTN, where two-layer splitting has been previously inferred. This highlights some of the inherent trade-offs with such studies, and emphasizes the need to incorporate extra information to resolve these. This method is applicable to shear wave anisotropy analysis in a broad range of settings from global to reservoir scale.
 
  Programme 133  
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  Corporate Author Thesis (down) Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0956-540X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 3841  
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Author Joliet F. openurl 
  Title L'Invention d'un 'vide' : le Nunavik ou la peninsule septentrionale du Québec, Colloque Vers une cartographie des lieux du Nord, mémoire, abandon, oubli, UQAM, Montréal,26-29 mars. Type Conference - International - Article with Reading Comitee
  Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Le visage et les contours du Grand Nord sont restés mythiques jusqu’au milieu du XXe siècle au Québec. Un portrait énigmatique au cadre indéfini, dressé telle une constellation aléatoire de lieux chargés d’imaginaires rapportés par les récits épiques d’explorateurs.
Les cartes des services de l’Etat du Québec montrent bien cette impuissance territoriale tenue à bout de bras par les postes de traite et les missions d’évangélisation : seul le tiers Sud du Québec est cartographié, au-delà c’est l’aveu institutionnalisé des TNO, « territoires non organisés ». Les efforts de la modernisation sont en effet concentrés au « Sud » puis ce qu’on appelle sa première marche septentrionale, le Nord.
La seconde guerre mondiale marque un tournant quant à l’identification de contours et d’un contenu plus net de la péninsule septentrionale du Québec, sa part de Grand Nord. En deux actes, les Plans Nord successifs du gouvernement élaborent un état des connaissances géographiques précis du « Nouveau Québec » puis « Nunavik », l’ouvrant même au tourisme. A l’objectivation de la cartographie institutionnelle en deux dimensions répond la documentation photographique en trois dimensions, rapportant dès lors une vision « réaliste » des paysages du Grand Nord. La péninsule septentrionale du Québec est ainsi donnée à voir par des paysages qui ne coincident pas toujours avec l’imaginaire, notamment celui du Grand Blanc.
Nous ferons un zoom sur le site du Lac Guillaume Delisle –francophone-, dont les divers toponymes (Richmond Gulf –anglophone-, Tasuijaq –inuit-, Artiwinnipeg –cri- » montrent des trajectoires croisées étonnantes sur un même paysage.
 
  Programme 1043  
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  Corporate Author Thesis (down) Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 3856  
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Author Grémillet David, Prudor Aurélien, le Maho Yvon, Weimerskirch Henri, pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Vultures of the Seas: Hyperacidic Stomachs in Wandering Albatrosses as an Adaptation to Dispersed Food Resources, including Fishery Wastes Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication PLoS ONE Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue 6 Pages e37834-  
  Keywords  
  Abstract

Animals are primarily limited by their capacity to acquire food, yet digestive performance also conditions energy acquisition, and ultimately fitness. Optimal foraging theory predicts that organisms feeding on patchy resources should maximize their food loads within each patch, and should digest these loads quickly to minimize travelling costs between food patches. We tested the prediction of high digestive performance in wandering albatrosses, which can ingest prey of up to 3 kg, and feed on highly dispersed food resources across the southern ocean. GPS-tracking of 40 wandering albatrosses from the Crozet archipelago during the incubation phase confirmed foraging movements of between 4754705 km, which give birds access to a variety of prey, including fishery wastes. Moreover, using miniaturized, autonomous data recorders placed in the stomach of three birds, we performed the first-ever measurements of gastric pH and temperature in procellariformes. These revealed surprisingly low pH levels (average 1.50±0.13), markedly lower than in other seabirds, and comparable to those of vultures feeding on carrion. Such low stomach pH gives wandering albatrosses a strategic advantage since it allows them a rapid chemical breakdown of ingested food and therefore a rapid digestion. This is useful for feeding on patchy, natural prey, but also on fishery wastes, which might be an important additional food resource for wandering albatrosses.


 
  Programme 109  
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  Corporate Author Thesis (down) Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Public Library of Science Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1932-6203 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 3882  
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Author Grémillet David, Puech William, Garçon Véronique, Boulinier Thierry, Le Maho Yvon, pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Robots in ecology: welcome to the machine Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Open journal of ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 49-57  
  Keywords Animal Behavior;Biodiversity Monitoring;Autonomous Vehicle;Drone;Cyborg;Population Biology;Robot Ethics;Robotics Network,  
  Abstract Robots have primarily been developed for warfare, yet they also serve peaceful purposes. Their use in Ecology is in its infancy, but they may soon become essential tools in a broad variety of eco-logical sub-disciplines. Autonomous robots, in particular drones sent to previously inaccessi-ble areas, have revolutionized data acquisition, not only for abiotic parameters, but also for re-cording the behavior of undisturbed animals and collecting biological material. Robots will also play an essential role in population Ecology, as they will allow for automatic census of indi-viduals through image processing, or via detec-tion of animals marked electronically. These new technologies will enable automated experimen-tation for increasingly large sample sizes, both in the laboratory and in the field. Finally, inter-active robots and cyborgs are becoming major players in modern studies of animal behavior. Such rapid progress nonetheless raises ethical, environmental, and security issues.
 
  Programme 333  
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  Corporate Author Thesis (down) Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2162-1985 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 3958  
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Author Pierre Blévin file  openurl
  Title Physiological consequences of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances, organochlorine compounds and mercury in an Arctic breeding seabird Type Thesis
  Year 2018 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Arctic Arctique Biologie de l'environnement, des populations, écologie Black-legged kittiwake Contaminants organiques Ecophysiologie Ecophysiology Ecotoxicologie Ecotoxicology Métaux lourds Mouette tridactyle Mouette tridactyle -- Effets des métaux lourds Organic contaminant Polluants organiques persistants -- Arctique Toxicologie de la reproduction Trace element  
  Abstract A cause d’une anthropisation toujours plus forte des écosystèmes, de plus en plus de menaces pèsent sur la biodiversité. Parmi celles-ci, l’exposition aux contaminants est particulièrement problématique pour les organismes vivants. Emis et utilisés dans les pays industrialisés, ces contaminants hautement persistants dans l’environnement vont gagner les régions polaires puis se bio-accumuler dans les organismes vivants au cours du temps et se bio-amplifier le long du réseau trophique. Ainsi, les oiseaux marins, longévifs et situés dans les maillons supérieurs de la chaine alimentaire, sont particulièrement exposés et vulnérables à une exposition chronique à ces contaminants. A travers une perturbation endocrinienne, ces contaminants vont pouvoir impacter certains mécanismes physiologiques et traits comportementaux, entrainant in fine des conséquences à long-terme sur la fitness des individus et populations. Ma thèse s’articule autour de trois grandes familles de contaminants : i) les composés perfluoroalkylés (PFASs), encore largement utilisés dans plusieurs secteurs industriels et agricoles et en augmentation dans l’environnement ; (ii) les composés organochlorés dits « d’héritage » (OCs), interdits depuis des années mais entrainants toujours des effets délétères sur la biodiversité et (iii) le mercure (Hg), métal lourd non-essentiel ayant une origine à la fois anthropique et naturelle. Basé sur une approche corrélative in natura, je me suis intéressé aux conséquences physiologiques et comportementales d’une exposition chronique à ces trois grandes familles de contaminants présents chez la mouette tridactyle (Rissa tridactyla) de l’Arctique Norvégien (Svalbard) au cours de son cycle reproducteur (depuis l’accouplement jusqu’à l’élevage des poussins). Spécifiquement, j’ai étudié les relations entre ces contaminants et la fertilité (morphologie et motilité des spermatozoïdes), l’expression des signaux sexuels (visuel : coloration des téguments, olfactif : signature chimique), les comportements de soins parentaux (température d’incubation et rotation de l’œuf), le vieillissement cellulaire (longueur des télomères) et la dépense énergétique (métabolisme de base). Je me suis également penché sur de potentiels mécanismes sous-jacents permettant d’expliquer ces relations. Puisque ces mécanismes physiologiques et comportementaux sont fortement impliqués dans la valeur sélective des individus, les possibles conséquences à long terme de cette exposition sur la reproduction et survie des individus sont discutées. Ce travail permet de souligner la forte toxicité de certains composés organochlorés « historiques » (en particulier les chlordanes) et d’apporter de toutes nouvelles connaissances sur la toxicité très mal connue des PFASs chez la faune sauvage. Fait important, ce travail de thèse révèle que les PFASs et les OCs pourraient agir de manière contrastée sur plusieurs mécanismes physiologiques et traits comportementaux. Spécifiquement, une forte exposition à l’oxychlordane, un métabolite du chlordane, pesticide interdit depuis des décennies, est associée à des télomères plus courts, une réduction du métabolisme de base et à une moindre capacité à incuber les Å“ufs. A l’inverse, on observe une élongation des télomères, une augmentation du métabolisme de base et une rotation des Å“ufs accrue chez les individus les plus exposés aux PFASs. Le Hg, au moins en ce qui concerne les paramètres étudiés, ne semble pas jouer un rôle majeur. Cette étude souligne l'importance de tenir compte de plusieurs groupes de contaminants lorsqu'on étudie les conséquences de l'exposition aux contaminants environnementaux chez la faune sauvage.  
  Programme 330  
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  Corporate Author Thesis (down) Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Thèse de doctorat en Biologie de l'environnement, des populations, écologie.Université La Rochelle Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6986  
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Author Gilg Olivier, Kovacs Kit M, Aars Jon, Fort Jérôme, Gauthier Gilles, Grémillet David, Ims Rolf A, Meltofte Hans, Moreau Jérôme, Post Eric, Schmidt Niels Martin, Yannic Glenn, Bollache Loïc, pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Climate change and the ecology and evolution of Arctic vertebrates Type Book Chapter
  Year 2012 Publication Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Abbreviated Journal Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.  
  Volume 1249 Issue 1 Pages 166-190  
  Keywords impacts, phenological changes, plasticity, range shifts, adaptations, threat, trophic interactions, mismatches, sea ice, tundra, parasites, geese, shorebirds, rodents, lemmings, large herbivores, seabirds, marine mammals, polar bear,  
  Abstract Climate change is taking place more rapidly and severely in the Arctic than anywhere on the globe, exposing Arctic vertebrates to a host of impacts. Changes in the cryosphere dominate the physical changes that already affect these animals, but increasing air temperatures, changes in precipitation, and ocean acidification will also affect Arctic ecosystems in the future. Adaptation via natural selection is problematic in such a rapidly changing environment. Adjustment via phenotypic plasticity is therefore likely to dominate Arctic vertebrate responses in the short term, and many such adjustments have already been documented. Changes in phenology and range will occur for most species but will only partly mitigate climate change impacts, which are particularly difficult to forecast due to the many interactions within and between trophic levels. Even though Arctic species richness is increasing via immigration from the South, many Arctic vertebrates are expected to become increasingly threatened during this century.  
  Programme 388,1036  
  Campaign  
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  Corporate Author Thesis (down) Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Blackwell Publishing Inc Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1749-6632 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 3962  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Picard G, Brucker L, Roy A, Dupont F, Fily M, Royer A, doi  openurl
  Title Simulation of the microwave emission of multi-layered snowpacks using the dense media radiative transfer theory: the DMRT-ML model Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Geoscientific Model Development Discussions Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 5 Issue 4 Pages 3647-3694  
  Keywords  
  Abstract DMRT-ML is a physically-based numerical model designed to compute the thermal microwave emission of a given snowpack. Its main application is the simulation of brightness temperatures at frequencies in the range 1-200 GHz similar to those acquired routinely by space-based microwave radiometers. The model is based on the Dense Media Radiative Transfer (DMRT) theory for the computation of the snow scattering and extinction coefficients and on the Discrete Ordinate Method (DISORT) to numerically solve the radiative transfer equation. The snowpack is modeled as a stack of multiple horizontal snow layers and an optional underlying interface representing the soil or the bottom ice. The model handles both dry and wet snow conditions. Such a general design allows the user to account for a wide range of snow conditions. Hitherto, the model has been used to simulate the thermal emission of the deep firn on ice sheets, shallow snowpacks overlying soil in Arctic and Alpine regions, and overlying ice on the large ice-sheet margins and glaciers. DMRT-ML has thus been validated in three very different conditions: Antarctica, Barnes Ice Cap (Canada) and Canadian tundra. It has been recently used in conjunction with inverse methods to retrieve snow grain size from remote sensing data. The model is written in Fortran90 and available to the snow remote sensing community as an open-source software.  
  Programme 1073  
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  Corporate Author Thesis (down) Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1991-962X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 3968  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Legrand Michel, Gros Valérie, Preunkert Susanne, Sarda-Estève Roland, Thierry Anne-Mathilde, Pépy Guillaume, Jourdain B, pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title A reassessment of the budget of formic and acetic acids in the boundary layer at Dumont d'Urville (coastal Antarctica): The role of penguin emissions on the budget of several oxygenated volatile organic compounds Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 117 Issue D6 Pages D06308-  
  Keywords carboxylic acids, formic and acetic acids, ornithogenic soil emission, oxygenated volatile compounds, 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions, 0330 Geochemical cycles, 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry,  
  Abstract Initiated in 1997, the year-round study of formic and acetic acids was maintained until 2011 at the coastal Antarctic site of Dumont d'Urville. The records show that formic and acetic acids are rather abundant in summer with typical mixing ratios of 200 pptv and 700 pptv, respectively. With the aim to constrain their budget, investigations of their potential marine precursors like short-chain alkenes and acetaldehyde were initiated in 2011. Acetic acid levels in December 2010 were four times higher than those observed over summers back to 1997. These unusually high levels were accompanied by unusually high levels of ammonia, and by an enrichment of oxalate in aerosols. These observations suggest that the guano decomposition in the large penguin colonies present at the site was particularly strong under weather conditions encountered in spring 2010 (important snow storms followed by sunny days with mild temperatures). Although being dependent on environmental conditions, this process greatly impacts the local atmospheric budget of acetic acid, acetaldehyde, and acetone during the entire summer season. Present at levels as high as 500 pptv, acetaldehyde may represent the major precursor of acetic acid, alkene-ozone reactions remaining insignificant sources. Far less influenced by penguin emissions, the budget of formic acid remains not fully understood even if alkene-ozone reactions contribute significantly.
 
  Programme 414;903  
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  Corporate Author Thesis (down) Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2156-2202 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 3995  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Garnier R, Ramos R, Staszewski V, Militão T, Lobato E, González-Solís J, Boulinier T, pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Maternal antibody persistence: a neglected life-history trait with implications from albatross conservation to comparative immunology Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 279 Issue 1735 Pages 2033 -2041  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The evolution of different life-history strategies has been suggested as a major force constraining physiological mechanisms such as immunity. In some long-lived oviparous species, a prolonged persistence of maternal antibodies in offspring could thus be expected in order to protect them over their long growth period. Here, using an intergenerational vaccination design, we show that specific maternal antibodies can display an estimated half-life of 25 days post-hatching in the nestlings of a long-lived bird. This temporal persistence is much longer than previously known for birds and it suggests specific properties in the regulation of IgY immunoglobulin catabolism in such a species. We also show that maternal antibodies in the considered procellariiform species are functional as late as 20 days of age. Using a modelling approach, we highlight that the potential impact of such effects on population viability could be important, notably when using vaccination for conservation. These results have broad implications, from comparative immunology to evolutionary eco-epidemiology and conservation biology.
 
  Programme 333  
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  Corporate Author Thesis (down) Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1471-2954 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 4003  
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Author Bonadonna Francesco, Mardon Jerome, doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Besides Colours and Songs, Odour is the New Black of Avian Communication Type Book Chapter
  Year 2013 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume XII Issue Pages 325-339-  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Programme 354  
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  Corporate Author Thesis (down) Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Springer New York Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-1-4614-5926-2 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 4007  
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