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A.S Drouet, G. Durand, E. Le Meur, F. Gillet-Chaulet, M. Sacchettini. (2011). A New Design for Digital Elevation Models of Bedrock underlying Ice Sheets,International Symposium on interactions of Ice Sheets and Glaciers with the Ocean, La Jolla, California, USA, 5-10 June 2011. . Bachelor's thesis, , .
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Battistelli E, others, . (2011). QUBIC: The QU Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology
. Astropart.Phys., 34, 705–716.
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Harding Ann, Welcker Jorg, Steen Harald, Hamer Keith, Kitaysky Alexander, Fort Jérôme, Talbot Sandra, Cornick Leslie, Karnovsky Nina, Gabrielsen Geir, Grémillet David, . (2011). Adverse foraging conditions may impact body mass and survival of a high Arctic seabird
. Oecologia, 167(1), 49–59.
Abstract: Tradeoffs between current reproduction and future survival are widely recognized, but may only occur when food is limited: when foraging conditions are favorable, parents may be able to reproduce without compromising their own survival. We investigated these tradeoffs in the little auk ( Alle alle ), a small seabird with a single-egg clutch. During 20052007, we examined the relationship between body mass and survival of birds breeding under contrasting foraging conditions at two Arctic colonies. We used corticosterone levels of breeding adults as a physiological indicator of the foraging conditions they encountered during each reproductive season. We found that when foraging conditions were relatively poor (as reflected in elevated levels of corticosterone), parents ended the reproductive season with low body mass and suffered increased post-breeding mortality. A positive relationship between body mass and post-breeding survival was found in one study year; light birds incurred higher survival costs than heavy birds. The results of this study suggest that reproducing under poor foraging conditions may affect the post-breeding survival of long-lived little auks. They also have important demographic implications because even a small change in adult survival may have a large effect on populations of long-lived species.
Keywords: Biomedical and Life Sciences,
Programme: 388
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González-Solís J, Smyrli M, Militão T, Gremillet D, Tveraa T, Phillips RA, Boulinier T, . (2011). Combining stable isotope analyses and geolocation to reveal kittiwake migration
. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 435, 251–261.
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Mosbech Anders, Johansen Kasper, Bech Nikolaj, Lyngs Peter, Harding Ann, Egevang Carsten, Phillips Richard, Fort Jerome, . (2012). Inter-breeding movements of little auks Alle alle reveal a key post-breeding staging area in the Greenland Sea
. Polar Biol., 35(2), 305–311.
Abstract: Seabirds are important components in marine ecosystems. However, knowledge of their ecology and spatial distribution during the non-breeding season is poor. More investigations during this critical period are required urgently, as marine environments are expected to be profoundly affected by climate change and human activities, with both direct and indirect consequences for marine top predators. Here, we studied the distribution of little auks ( Alle alle ), one of the most abundant seabird species worldwide. We found that after the breeding season, birds from East Greenland quickly travelled north-east to stay for several weeks within a restricted area in the Greenland Sea. Activity patterns indicated that flying behaviour was much reduced during this period, suggesting that this is the primary moulting region for little auks. Birds then performed a southerly migration to overwinter off Newfoundland. These preliminary results provide important information for the conservation of this species and emphasise the need for further studies at a larger spatial scale.
Keywords: Biomedical and Life Sciences,
Programme: 388
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Leclaire Sarah, Merkling Thomas, Raynaud Christine, Giacinti Géraldine, Bessière Jean-Marie, Hatch Scott, Danchin Étienne, . (2011). An individual and a sex odor signature in kittiwakes? Study of the semiochemical composition of preen secretion and preen down feathers
. Naturwissenschaften, 98(7), 615–624.
Abstract: The importance of olfaction in birds social behavior has long been denied. Avian chemical signaling has thus been relatively unexplored. The black-legged kittiwake provides a particularly appropriate model for investigating this topic. Kittiwakes preferentially mate with genetically dissimilar individuals, but the cues used to assess genetic characteristics remain unknown. As in other vertebrates, their body odors may carry individual and sexual signatures thus potentially reliably signaling individual genetic makeup. Here, we test whether body odors in preen gland secretion and preen down feathers in kittiwakes may provide a sex and an individual signature. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, we found that male and female odors differ quantitatively, suggesting that scent may be one of the multiple cues used by birds to discriminate between sexes. We further detected an individual signature in the volatile and nonvolatile fractions of preen secretion and preen down feathers. These results suggest that kittiwake body odor may function as a signal associated with mate recognition. It further suggests that preen odor might broadcast the genetic makeup of individuals, and could be used in mate choice to assess the genetic compatibility of potential mates.
Keywords: Biomedical and Life Sciences,
Programme: 1162
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Leclaire Sarah, White Joël, Arnoux Emilie, Faivre Bruno, Vetter Nathanaël, Hatch Scott, Danchin Étienne, . (2011). Integument coloration signals reproductive success, heterozygosity, and antioxidant levels in chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes
. Naturwissenschaften, 98(9), 773–782.
Abstract: Carotenoid pigments are important for immunity and as antioxidants, and carotenoid-based colors are believed to provide honest signals of individual quality. Other colorless but more efficient antioxidants such as vitamins A and E may protect carotenoids from bleaching. Carotenoid-based colors have thus recently been suggested to reflect the concentration of such colorless antioxidants, but this has rarely been tested. Furthermore, although evidence is accruing for multiple genetic criteria for mate choice, carotenoid-based colors have rarely been shown to reflect both phenotypic and genetic quality. In this study, we investigated whether gape, tongue, eye-ring, and bill coloration of chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla reflected circulating levels of carotenoids and vitamins A and E. We further investigated whether integument coloration reflected phenotypic (body condition and fledging success) and genetic quality (heterozygosity). We found that the coloration of fleshy integuments was correlated with carotenoid and vitamin A levels and fledging success but only in males. Furthermore, the coloration of tongue and eye-ring was correlated with heterozygosity in both males and females. Integument colors might therefore be reliable signals of individual quality used by birds to adjust their parental care during the chick-rearing period.
Keywords: Biomedical and Life Sciences,
Programme: 1162
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Goutte Aurélie, Clément-Chastel Céline, Moe Børge, Bech Claus, Gabrielsen Geir Wing, Chastel Olivier, . (2011). Experimentally reduced corticosterone release promotes early breeding in black-legged kittiwakes
. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 214(12), 2005–2013.
Abstract: Breeding at the right time is important for successful reproduction. In birds, stressful environmental conditions are known to delay the timing of breeding but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The stress hormone corticosterone appears to be a good candidate for mediating egg-laying date according to early environmental conditions and physiological state. By experimentally reducing the release of corticosterone in black-legged kittiwakes during the pre-laying period, we tested whether egg-laying date was mechanistically linked to corticosterone levels. Male and female kittiwakes were implanted with a low dose of exogenous corticosterone to inhibit endogenous corticosterone production. According to our predictions, the experimental reduction of corticosterone release was paralleled by a significant advancement of egg laying in females (around 4 days earlier). In addition, females with experimentally reduced corticosterone release gained mass during the pre-laying period compared with controls. Ultimately, the advancement of egg laying in females with experimentally reduced corticosterone levels was associated with an enhanced breeding success. This effect was strongly sex specific. In corticosterone-treated male kittiwakes, egg-laying date and reproductive success were not affected, but breeding probability was lower than in controls. This corticosterone treatment did not influence immediate clutch size, or return rate and breeding decision the following year. Our results support the hypothesis that corticosterone secretion during the pre-laying period mediates the timing of breeding in this long-lived seabird, possibly through the dynamics of energy reserves.
Programme: 330
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Marlin C., Delangle E., Griselin M., Quenet M., Bernard E., Friedt J. And Tolle F. (2011). Hydrological and geochemical approach to understand the glacier-permafrost subglacial-system interactions in a glaciated catchment of Western Spitsbergen. Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: 10th Ny-Alesund NysMAC Seminar, 25-26 October 2011 Kjeller, Norway.
Programme: 304
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Tolle F. , Bernard E., Friedt Jm., Saintenoy A., Marlin Ch. And Griselin M. (2011). Data issues in a moving environment: remote and in situ tools to monitor glacier dynamics and their hydrological consequences in the Austre Lovénbreen basin (Spitsberg 79°N). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: 10th Ny-Alesund NysMAC Seminar, 25-26 October 2011 Kjeller, Norway
Programme: 304
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