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Le Quere, C.; Rodenbeck, C.; Buitenhuis, E.T.; Conway, T.J.; Langenfelds, R.; Gomez, A.; Labuschagne, C.; Ramonet, M.; Nakazawa, T.; Metzl, N.; Gillett, N.; Heimann, M. (2007). Saturation of the Southern Ocean CO2 Sink Due to Recent Climate Change. Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Based on observed atmospheric CO2 concentration and an inverse method, we estimate that the Southern Ocean sink of CO2 has weakened between 1981 and 2004 by 0.08 PgC/y per decade relative to the trend expected from the large increase in atmospheric CO2. This weakening is attributed to the observed increase in Southern Ocean winds resulting from human activities and projected to continue in the future. Consequences include a reduction in the efficiency of the Southern Ocean sink of CO2 in the short term (~25 years) and possibly a higher level of stabilization of atmospheric CO2 on a multicentury time scale.
Programme: 416;439
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Jones O.R., Gaillard J.-M., Tuljapurkar S., Alho J.S., Armitage K.B., Becker P.H., Bize P., Brommer J., Charmantier A., Charpentier M., Clutton-Brock T., Dobson F.S., Festa-Bianchet M., Gustafsson L., Jensen H., Jones C.G., Lillandt B.-G., McCleery R., Merilä J., Neuhaus P., Nicoll M.A.C., Norris K., Oli M.K., Pemberton J., Pietiäinen H., Ringsby T.H., Roulin A., Saether J.M., Setchell J.M., Sheldon B.C., Thompson P.M., Weimerskirch H., Wickings E.J., Coulson T. (2008). Senescence rates are determined by ranking on the fast-slow life history continuum. ECOLOGY LETTERS, 11, 664–673.
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Roy Jean-Claude. (2009). La Saga des Vieux Grès Rouges du Spitzberg (archipel du Svalbard, Arctique) – Une histoire géologique et naturelle. Postface de Jean Dercourt, secrétaire perpétuel de l'Académie des Sciences. (Vol. Tome 1). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: d'après le mémoire de thèse de doctorat de J.-C. Roy, UPMC 28 septembre 2007, complété et augmenté.
Programme: 1005
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Santin-Janin H., Garel M., Chapuis J.-L., Pontier D. (2009). Assessing the performance of NDVI as a proxy of plant biomass using non-linear models: a case study on the Kerguelen archipelago. Polar Biol., 32 (6), 861–871.
Abstract: Nous avons utilisé les données de végétation récoltées entre janvier 1985 et janvier 1988 sur une base mensuelle par Boussès (1991, site de Molloy, Grande Terre). A l'aide d'un modèle non linéaire généralisé (incluant une distribution négative binomiale), nous avons montré qu'il y avait une relation très forte (corrélation entre prédictions du modèle et observations de 0.89 [0.77;0.95]95%) entre la composante saisonnière du NDVI et la biomasse mesurée sur le terrain (biomasse de Acaena magellanica de Taraxacum officinnale, qui sont les deux espèces dominantes du peuplement étudié). Nous avons également montré que pour les fortes valeurs de biomasse mesurée sur le terrain, le NDVI sature, et la relation atteint la valeur asymptotique de 0.54 (± 0.05). Ces résultats suggèrent que, dans ces conditions, le NDVI est un bon indicateur de la production de biomasse végétale
Programme: 136;279
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Schlosser, E; Oerter, H; Masson-Delmotte, V; Reijmer, C, 2008. (2008). Atmospheric influence on the deuterium excess signal in polar firn: implications for ice-core interpretation. JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY, 54 (184):117-124 2008.
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Maj Emilie, Vaté Virginie. (2009). Au-delà de l'Oural.., La recherche anthropologique en Sibérie. La revue pour l’histoire du CNRS, , 41.
Abstract: An article about the anthropological research about Siberia in France since the bigenning of the XX century. website of the journal: http://histoire-cnrs.revues.org/
Programme: 1024
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Dettai A., Lautredou A.-C., Bonillo C., Duhamel G., Iglesias S., Cruaud C., Couloux A., Rey O., Pruvost P., Causse R., Koubbi P., Lecointre G. & C. Ozouf-Costaz. (2009). The teleost diversity of the CEAMARC cruises : barcoding as a multi level tool for new findings. Bachelor's thesis, , .
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Durand J.M., Hjermann D.Ø., Frederiksen M., Charrassin J.-B., Le Maho Y., Sabarros P.S., Crawford R.J.M., Stenseth N.C. (2009). Pros and cons of using seabirds as ecological indicators. CLIMATE RESEARCH, 39, 115–129.
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Bost, C.A.; Cott, C.; Bailleul, F.; Cherel, Y.; Charrassin, J.B.; Guinet, C.; Ainley, D.G.; Weimerskirch, H. (2009). The importance of oceanographic fronts to marine birds and mammals of the southern oceans. Special Issue on Observational Studies of Oceanic Fronts, 78(3), 363–376.
Abstract: During the last 30years, at-sea studies of seabirds and marine mammals in the oceans south of the Subtropical Front have described an association with major frontal areas. More recently, the advancement in microtechnology has allowed the tracking of individuals and investigations into how these marine predators actually use the frontal zones. In this review, we examine 1) the relative importance to apex predators of the different frontal zones in terms of spatial distribution and carbon flux; 2) the processes that determine their preferential use; and 3) how the mesoscale dynamics of frontal structures drive at-sea foraging strategies of these predators. We review published results from southern waters and place them in a broader context with respect to what has been learned about the importance of fronts in oceans farther north.
Some fronts constitute important boundaries for seabird communities in southern waters. At a mesoscale the maximum values of seabird diversity and abundance correspond to the location of the main fronts. At-sea surveys show a strong curvilinear correlation between seabird abundance and sea surface temperatures. High mean species richness and diversity for whales and seabirds are consistently associated with the southern water mass boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Subtropical Front and the Subantarctic Front; in the case of the Polar Front mean seabird densities are more variable. At small-scales, variation in seabird occurrence has been directly related to the processes at fronts in a limited number of cases. A significant positive relation was found between some plankton feeding species and frontal temperature gradient-phytoplankton variables.
Telemetric studies have revealed that several apex predators (penguins, albatrosses, seals) perform long, directed foraging trips either to the Subtropical front or Polar Front, depending on locality. Seabirds with low flight costs, such as albatrosses, are able to reach fronts at long distances from colonies, showing variable foraging strategies as a function of the distances involved. Diving birds such as King penguins, that travel at a higher cost and lower speed, rely on the predictable spatial distribution of mesopelagic fish found close to the Polar Front. They may use the currents associated with eddies as oceanographic cues in the active search for frontal zones. Once in these areas they dive preferentially in and below the depth of the thermocline where catches per unit effort are high. Elephant seals concentrate foraging activity principally inside or at the boundary of cyclonic eddies. These mesoscale features appear to offer exceptional productivity favourable for foraging by various diving top predators.
The connection between biophysical parameters at fronts and predators is likely to be made through biological enhancement. Top predators appear to forage at locations where prey are advected by physical processes and others where prey are produced locally. Long-term research on at-sea distributions and demographic parameters of top predators are essential to assess the consequences of potential shift in front distributions in relation to global warming. Such environmental changes would add to the impact of fish extraction by the industrial fisheries on the southern food webs.
Keywords: Seabird; Sea mammals; Fronts; Foraging strategies; Bio-logging
Programme: 109; 394
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RICAUD Philippe, GABARD Benjamin, DERRIEN Sol, CHABOUREAU Jean-Pierre, ROSE Thomas, MOMBAUER Andreas, CZEKALA Harald,. (2010). HAMSTRAD-Tropo, A 183-GHz Radiometer Dedicated to Sound Tropospheric Water Vapor Over Concordia Station, Antarctica. IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, 48(3), 16.
Abstract: The H[2]O Antarctica Microwave Stratospheric and Tropospheric Radiometers (HAMSTRAD) program aims to develop two ground-based microwave radiometers to sound tropospheric and stratospheric water vapor (H[2]O) above Dome C (Concordia Station), Antarctica (75°06'S, 123°21'E, 3233 m asml), an extremely cold and dry environment, over decades. By using state-of-the-art technology, the HAMSTRAD-Tropo radiometer uses spectral information in the domains 51-59 GHz (oxygen line) and 169-197 GHz (water vapor line) to derive accurate tropospheric profiles of temperature (with accuracy ranging from 1 to 2 K) and low absolute humidity (with accuracy ranging from 0.02 to 0.05 g · m[-3]), together with integrated water vapor (with accuracy of about 0.008 kg · m[-2]) and liquid water path. Prior to its installation at Dome C in January 2009, the fully automated radiometer has been deployed at the Pic du Midi (PdM, 42°56'N, 0°08'E, 2877 m asml, France) in February 2008 and was in operation for five months. Preliminary comparisons with radio soundings particularly launched in the vicinity of PdM in February 2008 and the outputs from the mesoscale MESO-NH model show a great consistency to within 0.2-0.3 g · m[-3] between all absolute humidity data sets whatever the atmosphere considered (extremely dry or wet).
Keywords: Atmospheric measurements, humidity measurement, microwave measurements, microwave radiometry, Europe, Europe, Western Europe, Europe Ouest, polar regions, R, France, France, Antarctica, Antarctique, radiometry, Radiom, atmosphere, Atmosph, models, Mod, sounding, Sondage, humidity, Humidit, accuracy, Pr, temperature, Temp, oxygen, Oxyg, technology, Technologie, domes, Dome, programs, Programme, microwaves, Hyperfr, water vapor, Vapeur eau,
Programme: 910
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