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De Meeûs, T, K.D. McCoy, F. Prugnolle, P. Durand, C. Chevillon, S. Hurtrez-Boussès & F. Renaud. (2007). Population genetics and molecular epidemiology or how to «débusquer la bête”. Infection Genetics Evolution. Infection Genetics Evolution, 7, 308–332.
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ANGELIER F, MOE B, CLEMENT-CHASTEL C, BECH C, CHASTEL O. (2007). Corticosterone levels in relation to change of mate in Black-legged kittiwakes. Condor, 109, 668–674.
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ANGELIER F, CLEMENT-CHASTEL C, GABRIELSEN GW, CHASTEL O. (2007). Corticosterone and Time-activity budget: an experiment with Black-legged kittiwakes. Hormones and behavior, 52, 487–491.
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Motte E., Ricaud P., Gabard B., Niclas M. & Gangneron F. (2008). A 22 GHz Mobile Microwave Radiometer (MobRa) for the study of stratospheric water vapor. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, 46(10), 3104–3114.
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Charrassin, J.B., Hindell, M., Rintoul, S.R., Roquet, F., Sokolov,S., Biuw, M., Costa D., Boehme, L.,Lovell, P., Coleman R., Timmerman, R., Meijers A., Meredith M., Park Y.H., Bailleul F., Tremblay Y., Bost C.A., McMahon C.R., Field I.C., Fedak M.A. , Guinet C. (2008). Southern Ocean frontal structure and sea ice formation rates revealed by elephant seals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 105, 11634–11639.
Abstract: Polar regions are particularly sensitive to climate change, with the potential for significant feedbacks between ocean circulation, sea ice, and the ocean carbon cycle. However, the difficulty in obtaining in situ data means that our ability to detect and interpret change is very limited, especially in the Southern Ocean, where the ocean beneath the sea ice remains almost entirely unobserved and the rate of sea-ice formation is poorly known. Here, we show that southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) equipped with oceanographic sensors can measure ocean structure and water mass changes in regions and seasons rarely observed with traditional oceanographic platforms. In particular, seals provided a 30-fold increase in hydrographic profiles from the sea-ice zone, allowing the major fronts to be mapped south of 60°S and sea-ice formation rates to be inferred from changes in upper ocean salinity. Sea-ice production rates peaked in early winter (April–May) during the rapid northward expansion of the pack ice and declined by a factor of 2 to 3 between May and August, in agreement with a three-dimensional coupled ocean–sea-ice model. By measuring the high-latitude ocean during winter, elephant seals fill a “blind spot” in our sampling coverage, enabling the establishment of a truly global ocean-observing system.
Programme: 109;394;452
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VAN HOUDT J . K . J., B. HELLEMANS, A. VAN DE PUTTE, P. KOUBBI and F. A. M. VOLCKAERT. (2006). Isolation and multiplex analysis of six polymorphic microsatellites in the Antarctic notothenioid fish, Trematomus newnesi. Molecular ecology notes, 6, 157–159.
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Corbel H, Morlon F, Groscolas R. (2008). Is fledging in king penguin chicks related to changes in metabolic or endocrinal status? Gen Comp Endocrinol., 155(3), 804–13.
Abstract: This study examines the possibility that metabolic or endocrinal factors initiate fledging in the king penguin, a semi-altricial seabird species breeding a single chick on the ground. Chick fledging (departure to sea) occurred 5d after completion of the molt. It was preceded by a 16d fasting period and by a 7-fold increase in locomotor activity. From the measurement of the plasma concentration of metabolites and of glucagon and insulin, pre-fledging king penguin chicks were found to adapt to fasting in a classical way, i.e. by sparing body protein and mobilizing fat stores. At fledging, chicks were in phase II of fasting and their departure to sea was not stimulated by reaching critical energy depletion (phase III), in contrast to that which has been reported in breeding-fasting adults. The plasma level of corticosterone remained unchanged throughout the whole pre-fledging period, providing no support for a role of this stress-hormone in the facilitation of fledging. Thus, king penguin fledglings did not appear to be environmentally or nutritionally stressed. The plasma levels of thyroid hormones were elevated during the pre-fledging molt, in accordance with their key role in molt control in adult penguins. These levels declined by the time of the molt end, the plasma level of T4 thereafter being directly related to the time left before fledging. These results do not support the view that chronically elevated levels of thyroid hormones are required for the energy-demanding transition between being ashore and in cold water, but they suggest that the maintenance of high T4 levels may delay fledging.
Programme: 119
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Rey, B.; Halsey, L.G.; Dolmazon, V.; Rouanet, J.-L.; Roussel, D.; Handrich, Y.; Butler, P.J.; Duchamp, C. (2008). Long-term fasting decreases mitochondrial avian UCP-mediated oxygen consumption in hypometabolic king penguins. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 295(1), R92–100.
Abstract: In endotherms, regulation of the degree of mitochondrial coupling affects cell metabolic efficiency. Thus it may be a key contributor to minimizing metabolic rate during long periods of fasting. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether variation in mitochondrial avian uncoupling proteins (avUCP), as putative regulators of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, may contribute to the ability of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) to withstand fasting for several weeks. After 20 days of fasting, king penguins showed a reduced rate of whole animal oxygen consumption ([IMG]f1.gif“ ALT=”V“ BORDER=”0“>O2; -33%) at rest, together with a reduced abundance of avUCP and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma} coactivator-1{alpha} (PGC1-{alpha}) mRNA in pectoralis muscle (-54%, -36%, respectively). These parameters were restored after the birds had been refed for 3 days. Furthermore, in recently fed, but not in fasted penguins, isolated muscle mitochondria showed a guanosine diphosphate-inhibited, fatty acid plus superoxide-activated respiration, indicating the presence of a functional UCP. It was calculated that variation in mitochondrial UCP-dependent respiration in vitro may contribute to nearly 20% of the difference in resting [IMG]f1.gif” ALT=“V” BORDER=“0”>O2 between fed or refed penguins and fasted penguins measured in vivo. These results suggest that the lowering of avUCP activity during periods of long-term energetic restriction may contribute to the reduction in metabolic rate and hence the ability of king penguins to face prolonged periods of fasting.
Programme: 131;394
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Annell H., Scoates J., Weis D. and Giret A. (2007). Petrology of flodd basalts at the tholeiitic-alkalic transition and phenocryst compositions, Mt Marion Dufresne, Kerguelen Archipelago, Southern Indian Ocean. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45.
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Hemant, K., Thébault, E., Mandea, M., Ravat, D. & Maus, S. (2007). Magnetic anomaly map of the world: merging satellite, airborne, marine and ground-based magnetic sets. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 260, 56–71.
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