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Title |
The Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Bulletin of the american meteorological society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
101 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
E1653-E1676 |
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Programme |
1013 |
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ISSN |
0003-0007, 1520-0477 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8150 |
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Title |
Detecting Regime Transitions of the Nocturnal and Polar Near-Surface Temperature Inversion |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of the atmospheric sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
77 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2921-2940 |
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Abstract |
Abstract Many natural systems undergo critical transitions, i.e., sudden shifts from one dynamical regime to another. In the climate system, the atmospheric boundary layer can experience sudden transitions between fully turbulent states and quiescent, quasi-laminar states. Such rapid transitions are observed in polar regions or at night when the atmospheric boundary layer is stably stratified, and they have important consequences in the strength of mixing with the higher levels of the atmosphere. To analyze the stable boundary layer, many approaches rely on the identification of regimes that are commonly denoted as weakly and very stable regimes. Detecting transitions between the regimes is crucial for modeling purposes. In this work a combination of methods from dynamical systems and statistical modeling is applied to study these regime transitions and to develop an early warning signal that can be applied to nonstationary field data. The presented metric aims to detect nearing transitions by statistically quantifying the deviation from the dynamics expected when the system is close to a stable equilibrium. An idealized stochastic model of near-surface inversions is used to evaluate the potential of the metric as an indicator of regime transitions. In this stochastic system, small-scale perturbations can be amplified due to the nonlinearity, resulting in transitions between two possible equilibria of the temperature inversion. The simulations show such noise-induced regime transitions, successfully identified by the indicator. The indicator is further applied to time series data from nocturnal and polar meteorological measurements. |
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1013 |
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ISSN |
0022-4928, 1520-0469 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8151 |
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Title |
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in a warming ocean: thermotolerance and deciphering Hsp70 responses |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Cell Stress and Chaperones |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
519-531 |
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Programme |
1039 |
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ISSN |
1466-1268 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8173 |
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Title |
Diversity of Antarctic Echinoids and Ecoregions of the Southern Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biology bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
683-698 |
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Abstract |
Significant environmental changes have already been documented in the Southern Ocean (e.g. sea water temperature increase and salinity drop) but its marine life is still incompletely known given the heterogeneous nature of biogeographic data. However, to establish sustainable conservation areas, understanding species and communities distribution patterns is critical. For this purpose, the ecoregionalization approach can prove useful by identifying spatially explicit and well-delimited regions of common species composition and environmental settings. Such regions are expected to have similar biotic responses to environmental changes and can be used to define priorities for the designation of Marine Protected Areas. In the present work, a benthic ecoregionalization of the Southern Ocean is proposed based on echinoids distribution data and abiotic environmental parameters. Echinoids are widely distributed in the Southern Ocean, they are taxonomically and ecologically well diversified and documented. Given the heterogeneity of the sampling effort, predictive spatial models were produced to fill the gaps in between species distribution data. A first procedure was developed using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) to combine individual species models into ecoregions. A second, integrative procedure was implemented using the Generalized Dissimilarity Models (GDM) to model and assemble species distributions. Both procedures were compared to propose benthic ecoregions at the scale of the entire Southern Ocean. |
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Programme |
1044 |
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ISSN |
1608-3059 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6698 |
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Title |
Low Cost and Compact FMCW 24 GHz Radar Applications for Snowpack and Ice Thickness Measurements |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Sensors |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
3909 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Arctic snow tundra Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar lake ice thickness snow boreal forest snow density snow monitoring snow water equivalent snow wetness subarctic snow taiga |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1110 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8232 |
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Author |
Samuel Veilleux, Najat Bhiry, Armelle Decaulne |
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Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Geomorphology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
349 |
Issue |
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Pages |
106911 |
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Keywords |
Morphometry Nunavik Periglacial Slope dynamics Snow avalanches |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1148 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0169-555X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8261 |
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Author |
Jan Jansen, Piers K. Dunstan, Nicole A. Hill, Philippe Koubbi, Jessica Melbourne-Thomas, Romain Causse, Craig R. Johnson |
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Title |
Integrated assessment of the spatial distribution and structural dynamics of deep benthic marine communities |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ecological Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e02065 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica continental shelf deep sea ecosystem dynamic ecosystem structure qualitative network model Southern Ocean spatial model species archetype model upper slope |
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Abstract |
Characterizing the spatial distribution and variation of species communities and validating these characteristics with data from the field are key elements for an ecosystem-based approach to management. However, models of species distributions that yield community structure are usually not linked to models of community dynamics, constraining understanding and management of the ecosystem, particularly in data-poor regions. Here we use a qualitative network model to predict changes in Antarctic benthic community structure between major marine habitats characterized largely by seafloor depth and slope, and use multivariate mixture models of species distributions to validate the community dynamics. We then assess how future increases in primary production associated with anticipated loss of sea-ice may affect the ecosystem. Our study shows how both spatial and structural features of ecosystems in data-poor regions can be analyzed and possible futures assessed, with direct relevance for ecosystem-based management. |
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281 |
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ISSN |
1939-5582 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8263 |
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Title |
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Specialized Metabolites for Predicting Lichen Fitness and Snail Foraging |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Plants |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
70 |
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Keywords |
Notodiscus hookeri Pseudocyphellaria crocata Chemical Ecology Lichens Lobariaceae Mass Spectrometry Imaging Optimal Defense Theory Specialized Metabolites |
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Abstract |
Lichens are slow-growing organisms supposed to synthetize specialized metabolites to protect themselves against diverse grazers. As predicted by the optimal defense theory (ODT), lichens are expected to invest specialized metabolites in higher levels in reproductive tissues compared to thallus. We investigated whether Laser Desorption Ionization coupled to Mass Spectrometry Imaging (LDI-MSI) could be a relevant tool for chemical ecology issues such as ODT. In the present study, this method was applied to cross-sections of thalli and reproductive tissues of the lichen Pseudocyphellaria crocata. Spatial mapping revealed phenolic families of metabolites. A quantification of these metabolites was carried out in addition to spatial imaging. By this method, accumulation of specialized metabolites was observed in both reproductive parts (apothecia and soralia) of P. crocata, but their nature depended on the lichen organs: apothecia concentrated norstictic acid, tenuiorin, and pulvinic acid derivatives, whereas soralia mainly contained tenuiorin and pulvinic acid. Stictic acid, tenuiorin and calycin, tested in no-choices feeding experiments, were deterrent for N. hookeri while entire thalli were consumed by the snail. To improve better knowledge in relationships between grazed and grazing organisms, LDI-MSI appears to be a complementary tool in ecological studies |
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136 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8265 |
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Author |
Y. Quesnel, W. Zylberman, P. Rochette, M. Uehara, J. Gattacceca, G. R. Osinski, P. Dussouillez, C. Lepaulard, C. Champollion |
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Title |
Geophysical signature of the Tunnunik impact structure, Northwest Territories, Canada |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Meteoritics & Planetary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
480-495 |
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Programme |
1139 |
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ISSN |
1945-5100 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8266 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
International Journal of Earth Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
109 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
847-876 |
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316 |
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ISSN |
1437-3262 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8267 |
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