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Author |
Pardo Deborah, Barbraud Christophe, Weimerskirch Henri, |
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Title |
Females better face senescence in the wandering albatross
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
OECOLOGIA |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
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Volume |
173 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1283-1294 |
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Keywords |
Breeding probability, Breeding success, Diomedea exulans, Ecology, Plant Sciences, Seabird, Senescence, Sexual dimorphism, Survival, |
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Abstract |
Sex differences in lifespan and aging are widespread among animals. Since investment in current reproduction can have consequences on other life-history traits, the sex with the highest cost of breeding is expected to suffer from an earlier and/or stronger senescence. This has been demonstrated in polygynous species that are highly dimorphic. However in monogamous species where parental investment is similar between sexes, sex-specific differences in aging patterns of life-history traits are expected to be attenuated. Here, we examined sex and age influences on demographic traits in a very long-lived and sexually dimorphic monogamous species, the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans). We modelled within the same model framework sex-dependent variations in aging for an array of five life-history traits: adult survival, probability of returning to the breeding colony, probability of breeding and two measures of breeding success (hatching and fledging). We show that life-history traits presented contrasted aging patterns according to sex whereas traits were all similar at young ages. Both sexes exhibited actuarial and reproductive senescence, but, as the decrease in breeding success remained similar for males and females, the survival and breeding probabilities of males were significantly more affected than females. We discuss our results in the light of the costs associated to reproduction, age-related pairing and a biased operational sex-ratio in the population leading to a pool of non-breeders of potentially lower quality and therefore more subject to death or breeding abstention. For a monogamous species with similar parental roles, the patterns observed were surprising and when placed in a gradient of observed age/sex-related variations in life-history traits, wandering albatrosses were intermediate between highly dimorphic polygynous and most monogamous species. |
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109 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0029-8549 |
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yes |
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4411 |
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Title |
To breed or not to breed: endocrine response to mercury contamination by an Arctic seabird
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
BIOLOGY LETTERS |
Abbreviated Journal |
1744-9561 |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
black-legged kittiwake, GnRH challenge, intermittent breeding, luteinizing hormone, mercury, |
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Abstract |
Mercury, a ubiquitous toxic element, is known to alter expression of sex steroids and to impair reproduction across vertebrates but the mechanisms underlying these effects are not clearly identified. We examined whether contamination by mercury predicts the probability to skip reproduction in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) from Svalbard. We also manipulated the endocrine system to investigate the mechanism underlying this relationship. During the pre-laying period, we injected exogenous GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) to test the ability of the pituitary to release luteinizing hormone (LH, a key hormone for the release of sex steroids and hence breeding) in relation to mercury burden. Birds that skipped reproduction had significantly higher mercury concentration in blood than breeders. Endocrine profiles of these birds also varied based on breeding status (breeders versus non-breeders), mercury contamination and sex. Specifically, in skippers (birds that did not breed), baseline LH decreased with increasing mercury concentration in males, whereas it increased in females. GnRH-induced LH levels increased with increasing mercury concentration in both sexes. These results suggest that mercury contamination may disrupt GnRH input to the pituitary. Thus, high mercury concentration could affect the ability of long-lived birds to modulate their reproductive effort (skipping or breeding) according to ongoing environmental changes in the Arctic, thereby impacting population dynamics. |
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330 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1744-9561 |
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yes |
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4418 |
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Title |
Integrative modelling of animal movement: incorporating in situ habitat and behavioural information for a migratory marine predator
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
280 |
Issue |
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Pages |
20122262 |
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Keywords |
animal telemetry, foraging behaviour, individual movement, oceanographic drivers of movement, spatial ecology, state-space model, |
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Programme |
109 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0962-8452 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4436 |
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Title |
On the iron isotope heterogeneity of lithospheric mantle xenoliths: implications for mantle metasomatism, the origin of basalts and the iron isotope composition of the Earth
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
165 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1243-1258 |
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Keywords |
Geology, Iron isotopes, Mantle peridotites, Melt extraction, Metasomatism, Mineralogy, Mineral Resources, |
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Programme |
1077 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0010-7999 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4445 |
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Author |
Rosing-Asvid A, Hedeholm R, Arendt K E, Fort J, Robertson G J, |
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Title |
Winter diet of the little auk (Alle alle) in the Northwest Atlantic
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
POLAR BIOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1601-1608 |
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Keywords |
Ecology, Feeding ecology, Greenland, Krill, Microbiology, Newfoundland, Oceanography, Plant Sciences, Themisto spp, Winter diet, Zoology, |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
388 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0722-4060 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4449 |
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Author |
McCafferty D J, Gilbert C, Thierry A-M, Currie J, Maho Y Le, Ancel A, |
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Title |
Emperor penguin body surfaces cool below air temperature
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
BIOLOGY LETTERS |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
20121192 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic, metabolic heat loss, thermal imaging, thermoregulation, |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
137 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1744-9561 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4455 |
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Author |
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Title |
The long engagement of the emperor penguin
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
POLAR BIOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
573-577 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica, Breeding, Courtship, Ecology, Microbiology, Oceanography, Plant Sciences, Primary oceanic production, Spheniscidae, Zoology, |
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Abstract |
In birds, courtship is generally short relative to the whole breeding cycle. Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri), however, are an exception as their courtship period is much longer (ca. 6 weeks) than the courtship of other penguin species. This strategy may appear surprising, as it is especially costly to fast and endure drastic climatic conditions for long periods at the colony (1.5 and up to 4 months for females and males, respectively). We examined here the reasons of this extended courtship period and found that emperor penguins returned earlier to the colony when primary oceanic production before breeding was high. This suggests that emperor penguins return to the colony as soon as primary oceanic production in summer allows them to replenish their body reserves. The extended period of time spent at the colony during courtship may therefore result from an evolutionary process that confers advantages to emperor penguins that arrive earlier at the colony by reducing predation risks and offering better chances of securing a partner. |
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Programme |
137 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0722-4060 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4456 |
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Author |
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Title |
How age and sex drive the foraging behaviour in the king penguin
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
MARINE BIOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
160 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1147-1156 |
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Keywords |
Freshwater & Marine Ecology, Marine & Freshwater Sciences, Microbiology, Oceanography, Zoology, |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
137 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0025-3162 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4464 |
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Author |
Shaheen Robina, Abauanza Mariana, Jackson Teresa L, McCabe Justin, Savarino Joel, Thiemens Mark H, |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
110 |
Issue |
44 |
Pages |
17662-17667 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1011 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0027-8424 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4473 |
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Author |
Bigot-Sazy M-A, Charlassier R, Hamilton J-Ch, Kaplan J, Zahariade G, |
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Title |
Self-calibration: an efficient method to control systematic effects in bolometric interferometry
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
550 |
Issue |
A |
Pages |
59 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Context. The QUBIC collaboration is building a bolometric interferometer dedicated to the detection of B-mode polarization fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background.
Aims: We introduce a self-calibration procedure related to those used in radio-interferometry to control a wide range of instrumental systematic errors in polarization-sensitive instruments.
Methods: This procedure takes advantage of the need for measurements on redundant baselines to match each other exactly in the absence of systematic effects. For a given systematic error model, measuring each baseline independently therefore allows writing a system of nonlinear equations whose unknowns are the systematic error model parameters (gains and couplings of Jones matrices, for instance).
Results: We give the mathematical basis of the self-calibration. We implement this method numerically in the context of bolometric interferometry. We show that, for large enough arrays of horns, the nonlinear system can be solved numerically using a standard nonlinear least-squares fitting and that the accuracy achievable on systematic effects is only limited by the time spent on the calibration mode for each baseline apart from the validity of the systematic error model. |
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Programme |
915 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0004-6361 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4474 |
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