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Title |
An individual and a sex odor signature in kittiwakes? Study of the semiochemical composition of preen secretion and preen down feathers
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
98 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
615-624 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
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Abstract |
The importance of olfaction in birds social behavior has long been denied. Avian chemical signaling has thus been relatively unexplored. The black-legged kittiwake provides a particularly appropriate model for investigating this topic. Kittiwakes preferentially mate with genetically dissimilar individuals, but the cues used to assess genetic characteristics remain unknown. As in other vertebrates, their body odors may carry individual and sexual signatures thus potentially reliably signaling individual genetic makeup. Here, we test whether body odors in preen gland secretion and preen down feathers in kittiwakes may provide a sex and an individual signature. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, we found that male and female odors differ quantitatively, suggesting that scent may be one of the multiple cues used by birds to discriminate between sexes. We further detected an individual signature in the volatile and nonvolatile fractions of preen secretion and preen down feathers. These results suggest that kittiwake body odor may function as a signal associated with mate recognition. It further suggests that preen odor might broadcast the genetic makeup of individuals, and could be used in mate choice to assess the genetic compatibility of potential mates. |
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1162 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0028-1042 |
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yes |
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3514 |
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Title |
Integument coloration signals reproductive success, heterozygosity, and antioxidant levels in chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
98 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
773-782 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
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Abstract |
Carotenoid pigments are important for immunity and as antioxidants, and carotenoid-based colors are believed to provide honest signals of individual quality. Other colorless but more efficient antioxidants such as vitamins A and E may protect carotenoids from bleaching. Carotenoid-based colors have thus recently been suggested to reflect the concentration of such colorless antioxidants, but this has rarely been tested. Furthermore, although evidence is accruing for multiple genetic criteria for mate choice, carotenoid-based colors have rarely been shown to reflect both phenotypic and genetic quality. In this study, we investigated whether gape, tongue, eye-ring, and bill coloration of chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla reflected circulating levels of carotenoids and vitamins A and E. We further investigated whether integument coloration reflected phenotypic (body condition and fledging success) and genetic quality (heterozygosity). We found that the coloration of fleshy integuments was correlated with carotenoid and vitamin A levels and fledging success but only in males. Furthermore, the coloration of tongue and eye-ring was correlated with heterozygosity in both males and females. Integument colors might therefore be reliable signals of individual quality used by birds to adjust their parental care during the chick-rearing period. |
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1162 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0028-1042 |
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yes |
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3515 |
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Title |
Experimentally reduced corticosterone release promotes early breeding in black-legged kittiwakes
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
214 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2005 -2013 |
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Abstract |
Breeding at the right time is important for successful reproduction. In birds, stressful environmental conditions are known to delay the timing of breeding but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The stress hormone corticosterone appears to be a good candidate for mediating egg-laying date according to early environmental conditions and physiological state. By experimentally reducing the release of corticosterone in black-legged kittiwakes during the pre-laying period, we tested whether egg-laying date was mechanistically linked to corticosterone levels. Male and female kittiwakes were implanted with a low dose of exogenous corticosterone to inhibit endogenous corticosterone production. According to our predictions, the experimental reduction of corticosterone release was paralleled by a significant advancement of egg laying in females (around 4 days earlier). In addition, females with experimentally reduced corticosterone release gained mass during the pre-laying period compared with controls. Ultimately, the advancement of egg laying in females with experimentally reduced corticosterone levels was associated with an enhanced breeding success. This effect was strongly sex specific. In corticosterone-treated male kittiwakes, egg-laying date and reproductive success were not affected, but breeding probability was lower than in controls. This corticosterone treatment did not influence immediate clutch size, or return rate and breeding decision the following year. Our results support the hypothesis that corticosterone secretion during the pre-laying period mediates the timing of breeding in this long-lived seabird, possibly through the dynamics of energy reserves.
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Programme |
330 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0022-0949 |
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yes |
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Serial |
3518 |
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Author |
Marlin C., Delangle E., Griselin M., Quenet M., Bernard E., Friedt J. And Tolle F. |
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Title |
Hydrological and geochemical approach to understand the glacier-permafrost subglacial-system interactions in a glaciated catchment of Western Spitsbergen |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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Year |
2011 |
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Abstract |
10th Ny-Alesund NysMAC Seminar, 25-26 October 2011 Kjeller, Norway. |
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304 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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Serial |
3519 |
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Author |
Tolle F. , Bernard E., Friedt Jm., Saintenoy A., Marlin Ch. And Griselin M. |
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Type |
Conference - International - Communication |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Abstract |
10th Ny-Alesund NysMAC Seminar, 25-26 October 2011 Kjeller, Norway |
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Programme |
304 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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3520 |
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Author |
Hughes Kevin A, Lee Jennifer E, Tsujimoto Megumu, Imura Satoshi, Bergstrom Dana M, Ware Chris, Lebouvier Marc, Huiskes Ad HL, Gremmen Niek JM, Frenot Yves, Bridge Paul D, Chown Steven L, |
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Title |
Food for thought: Risks of non-native species transfer to the Antarctic region with fresh produce
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
144 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1682-1689 |
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Keywords |
Alien, Non-indigenous, Biosecurity, Propagules, Food, Polar, Antarctica, Sub-Antarctic, |
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Abstract |
To understand fully the risk of biological invasions, it is necessary to quantify propagule pressure along all introduction pathways. In the Antarctic region, importation of fresh produce is a potentially high risk, but as yet unquantified pathway. To address this knowledge gap, >11,250 fruit and vegetables sent to nine research stations in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands, were examined for associated soil, invertebrates and microbial decomposition. Fifty-one food types were sourced from c. 130 locations dispersed across all six of the Earths inhabited continents. On average, 12% of food items had soil on their surface, 28% showed microbial infection resulting in rot and more than 56 invertebrates were recorded, mainly from leafy produce. Approximately 30% of identified fungi sampled from infected foods were not recorded previously from within the Antarctic region, although this may reflect limited knowledge of Antarctic fungal diversity. The number of non-native flying invertebrates caught within the Rothera Research Station food storage area was linked closely with the level of fresh food resupply by ship and aircraft. We conclude by presenting practical biosecurity measures to reduce the risk of non-native species introductions to Antarctica associated with fresh foods. |
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Programme |
136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0006-3207 |
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yes |
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3558 |
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Author |
Renault D, |
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Title |
Sea water transport and submersion tolerance as dispersal strategies for the invasive ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus (Carabidae)
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
0722-4060 |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1591-1595 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
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Programme |
136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0722-4060 |
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yes |
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3559 |
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Author |
Klein K-L, Trottet G, Samwel S, Malandraki O, |
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Title |
Particle Acceleration and Propagation in Strong Flares without Major Solar Energetic Particle Events
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Solar Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
269 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
309-333 |
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Keywords |
Physics and Astronomy, |
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Abstract |
Solar energetic particles (SEPs) detected in space are statistically associated with flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). But it is not clear how these processes actually contribute to the acceleration and transport of the particles. The present work addresses the question why flares accompanied by intense soft X-ray bursts may not produce SEPs detected by observations with the GOES spacecraft. We consider all X-class X-ray bursts between 1996 and 2006 from the western solar hemisphere. 21 out of 69 have no signature in GOES proton intensities above 10 MeV, despite being significant accelerators of electrons, as shown by their radio emission at cm wavelengths. The majority (11/20) has no type III radio bursts from electron beams escaping towards interplanetary space during the impulsive flare phase. Together with other radio properties, this indicates that the electrons accelerated during the impulsive flare phase remain confined in the low corona. This occurs in flares with and without a CME. Although GOES saw no protons above 10 MeV at geosynchronous orbit, energetic particles were detected in some (4/11) confined events at Lagrangian point L1 aboard ACE or SoHO. These events have, besides the confined microwave emission, dm-m wave type II and type IV bursts indicating an independent accelerator in the corona. Three of them are accompanied by CMEs. We conclude that the principal reason why major solar flares in the western hemisphere are not associated with SEPs is the confinement of particles accelerated in the impulsive phase. A coronal shock wave or the restructuring of the magnetically stressed corona, indicated by the type II and IV bursts, can explain the detection of SEPs when flare-accelerated particles do not reach open magnetic field lines. But the mere presence of these radio signatures, especially of a metric type II burst, is not a sufficient condition for a major SEP event. |
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Programme |
227 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Springer Netherlands |
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0038-0938 |
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yes |
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3577 |
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Title |
Modelling the earth's magnetic field from global to regional scales, in: Geomagnetic Observations and Models, IAGA Special Sopron Book Series |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2011 |
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Volume |
5 |
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Pages |
229-264 |
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Keywords |
Earth and Environmental Science, |
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Abstract |
In the recent years, a large amount of magnetic vector and scalar data have been measured or made available to scientists. They cover different ranges of altitudes from ground to satellite levels and have high horizontal densities over some geographical areas. Processing these potential field data may require alternatives to the widely used Spherical Harmonics. During the past decades, new techniques have been proposed to model regionally the magnetic measurements. They complement the set of older approaches that were revived and sometimes revised in the meantime. The amount of available techniques is intimidating and one often wonders which method is the most appropriate for what purpose. In this paper, we review several modelling strategies. Starting from the Spherical Harmonics, we discuss methods with global support (wavelets, multi-scale, Slepian functions,) and then bring the focus on regional methods with local support (Rectangular Harmonic Analysis, Cylindrical Harmonic Analysis, Spherical Caps,). We briefly examine the theoretical aspects and properties of each approach. We compare them with the help of a unique set of perfect synthetic data that mimic an ideal spatial distribution at a fixed surface. This helps us to better emphasize the theoretical characteristics of each approach and suggest, when relevant, improvements that would be useful for future practical applications. |
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Programme |
139;905 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Springer Netherlands |
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978-90-481-9858-0 |
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yes |
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3579 |
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Author |
A. Chambodut and M. Menvielle. |
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Title |
From 1-minute to 1-second sampling interval at geomagnetic observatories: example of French magnetic observatories of Austral and Antarctic territories |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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Year |
2011 |
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Abstract |
IUGG 2011 Melbourne Australia.
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139;905 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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3583 |
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