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A. Chambodut and J.-J. Schott. (2010). Current status of permanent magnetic observatories in French Austral and Antartic Territories. Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: The 5 permanent magnetic observatories of French Austral and Antarctic territories (Amsterdam, Concordia, Crozet, Dumont d'Urville and Kerguelen) are integrated as active participants in the worldwide network of magnetic observatories (INTERMAGNET), which monitor variations of the Earth's magnetic field at all time scales.Proceedings of i-DUST (INTER DISCIPLINARY UNDERGROUND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE), June 9-11 2010, Apt, France.
Programme: 139;905
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P. Lognonné, T Spohn, D Breuer, U Christensen, H Igel, V Dehant, T van Hoolst, D Giardini, F Primdahl, J Merayo. S. Vennerstroem, R Garcia, M Wieczorek, C Sotin, A. Mocquet, B Langlais, J.J. Berthelier, M Menvielle, A Pais, W.T Pike, L Szarka, A van den Berg and MAGE and SPICE networks members. (2007). LONG LIVED MARTIAN GEOSCIENCE OBSERVATORY. Bachelor's thesis, , .
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Bernard E., Tolle F., Griselin M., Friedt J. And Marlin C. (2011). Using ground based high resolution photography for seasonal snow and ice dynamics (Austre Lovénbreen, Svalbard, 79°N) . Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: 15th Alpine Glaciology Meeting, Munich, Germany, 24-25 fev. 2011
Programme: 304
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Jourdain Bruno, Preunkert Susanne, Cerri Omar, Castebrunet Hlne, Udisti Roberto, Legrand Michel, . (2008). Year-round record of size-segregated aerosol composition in central Antarctica (Concordia station): Implications for the degree of fractionation of sea-salt particles
. J. Geophys. Res., 113(D14), D14308–.
Abstract: The origin of sea-salt aerosol that reaches the high Antarctic plateau and is trapped in snow and ice cores remains still unclear. In particular, the respective role of emissions from the open ocean versus those from the sea-ice surface is not yet quantified. To progress on this question, the composition of bulk and size-segregated aerosol was studied in 2006 at the Concordia station (75S, 123E) located on the high Antarctic plateau. A depletion of sulfate relative to sodium with respect to the seawater composition is observed on sea-salt aerosol reaching Concordia from April to September. That suggests that in winter, when the sea-salt atmospheric load reaches a maximum, emissions from the sea-ice surface significantly contribute to the sea-salt budget of inland Antarctica.
Keywords: Central Antarctica, size segregated aerosol, sea-salt fractionation, 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles, 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution: urban and regional, 4801 Oceanography: Biological and Chemical: Aerosols, 4906 Paleoceanography: Aerosols, 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry, 9310 Geographic Location: Antarctica, 4207 Oceanography: General: Arctic and Antarctic oceanography, 3300 Atmospheric Processes,
Programme: 414;903;1181
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Sciare J, Favez O, Sarda-Estve R, Oikonomou K, Cachier H, Kazan V, . (2009). Long-term observations of carbonaceous aerosols in the Austral Ocean atmosphere: Evidence of a biogenic marine organic source
. J. Geophys. Res., 114(D15), D15302–.
Abstract: Long-term observations of carbonaceous aerosols in the Austral Ocean are reported here for the first time from almost 5 years of continuous filter sampling performed at Amsterdam Island (3748S, 7734E). Black carbon concentrations determined by optical method were among the lowest reported for marine atmosphere, with monthly mean levels ranging from 2–5 ng C/m3 during summer to 7–13 ng C/m3 during winter. A clear seasonal pattern was also observed for organic aerosols, but in opposite phase, with maximum values during the austral summer period (>250 ng C/m3) and minimum concentrations (100 ng C/m3) during winter. This seasonal variation of organic concentration was found to be almost entirely related to the water-insoluble organic carbon fraction, suggesting a primary origin for these organics, most probably through bubble bursting processes. Moreover, this summer maximum observed for organic aerosols was found to be correlated with satellite-derived chlorophyll a concentrations averaged over an oceanic region upwind of the sampling site and characterized by relatively high biogenic activity. This oceanic region being located at 1000–2000 km far away from the monitoring station, atmospheric ageing may have played a significant role on the levels and size-resolved properties of marine organics collected at Amsterdam Island. This biogenic marine organic source of primary origin in the Austral Ocean is fully consistent with similar observations previously reported for the Northern Atlantic Ocean and brings further evidences of the major role of marine organic emissions over remote oceanic regions.
Keywords: organic aerosols, black carbon, biogenic aerosols, Austral Ocean, chlorophyll a, 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles, 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 3339 Atmospheric Processes: Ocean/atmosphere interactions,
Programme: 414;415;416
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Roderick G.K. & Vernon P. (2009). Biological invasions. Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: In: Encyclopedia of Islands
(eds. Gillespie R.G. & Clague D.A.), University of California Press, Berkeley
Programme: 136
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MAJ Emilie. (2009). Des tournants spatiaux : approche diachronique de la sémiotique du paysage en Sibérie, l’exemple de la République Sakha (Iakoutie)]. GéoCité, 1.
Abstract: About the evolution of worlddview and conception of landscape in Yakut culture:
Based on geographical and anthropological litterature and on the field data collected during the missions Ethnoequid 2003-2006 and Festivethno 2009.
Keywords: Landscape, Siberia, Republic Sakha (Yakutia), Sakha, Yakut, Siberian minoritites,Turkic people, semiotic, temporality, space, history, place, taiga, domestication
Programme: 1024
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Chisham G, Freeman M P, Abel G A, Bristow W A, Marchaudon A, Ruohoniemi J M, Sofko G J, . (2009). Spatial distribution of average vorticity in the high-latitude ionosphere and its variation with interplanetary magnetic field direction and season
. J. Geophys. Res., 114(A9), A09301–.
Abstract: We present a technique to measure the magnetic field-aligned vorticity of mesoscale plasma flows in the F region ionosphere using line-of-sight velocity measurements made by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). Vorticity is often used as a proxy for magnetic field-aligned current (FAC) intensity in the ionosphere but also provides information about turbulent processes in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. Using 6 years (2000–2005 inclusive) of vorticity measurements made by six SuperDARN radars in the Northern Hemisphere, we have compiled, for the first time, maps of average vorticity across the northern polar ionosphere. These maps have been subdivided according to different seasonal and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. The variations in the morphology of the vorticity maps with IMF direction match very closely those seen in maps of average FAC intensity (determined using different methods and instrumentation), suggesting that vorticity is a good proxy for FAC in an averaged sense. The variations in the morphology of the vorticity maps with season show differences from those seen in the FAC maps, illustrating that ionospheric conductance plays a major role in determining the differences between measurements of vorticity and FAC.
Keywords: ionosphere, vorticity, field-aligned current, 2431 Ionosphere: Ionosphere/magnetosphere interactions, 2409 Ionosphere: Current systems, 2437 Ionosphere: Ionospheric dynamics, 2494 Ionosphere: Instruments and techniques, 2721 Magnetospheric Physics: Field-aligned currents and current systems,
Programme: 312;911
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Séran E, Godefroy M, Kauristie K, Cerisier J-C, Berthelier J-J, Lester M, Sarri L-E, . (2009). What can we learn from HF signal scattered from a discrete arc?
. Ann. Geophys., 27(5), 1887–1896.
Abstract: We present observations of a discrete southward propagating arc which appeared in the mid-night sector at latitudes equatorward of main substorm activity. The arc observations were made simultaneously by the ALFA (Auroral Light Fine Analysis) optical camera, the SuperDARN-CUTLASS HF radar and the Demeter satellite during a coordinated multi-instrumental campaign conducted at the KEOPS/ESRANGE site in December 2006. The SuperDARN HF signal which is often lost in the regions of strong electron precipitation yields in our case clear backscatter from an isolated arc of weak intensity. Consequently we are able to study arc dynamics, the formation of meso-scale irregularities of the electron density along the arc, compare the arc motion with the convection of surrounding plasma and discuss the contribution of ionospheric ions in the arc erosion and its propagation.
Programme: 312;911
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Cyril Dégletagne, Benjamin Rey, Céline Keime, Marc de Dinechin, Jean Louis Rouanet, Damien Roussel, and Claude Duchamp. (2009). Transcriptional analysis of skeletal muscle adaptations to marine life in king penguin juveniles (Aptenodytes patagonicus). FASEB JOURNAL, FASEB J(23), 629.5.
Abstract: King penguin chicks, that are strictly terrestrial during first year after hatching, must depart to sea to reach nutritional emancipation. Juvenile survival therefore depends on their adaptation to the energetic challenges of marine life: 1) harsh thermal environment, 2) long distant food resources, 3) repeated, deep and prolonged nutritional divings.
To elucidate these adaptations, the transcriptome of pectoralis muscle, the main thermogenic and locomotor tissue, was analysed in juveniles that had never been to sea (n=4) and in naturally adapted juveniles (n=3) by using chicken Affymetrix DNA chips (Profilexpert, Lyon).
Results showed the differential expression of nearly 3600 genes after marine life. Genes encoding enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were down regulated while those encoding lipid transport and catabolism were up regulated suggesting an increased use of lipids as energy substrates. Further, transcripts encoding enzymes involved in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species and the associated injuries were also up regulated, suggesting an adaptive response against oxidative stress.
This study opens large perspectives to elucidate how king penguins can survive in an energetically unfavorable and pro-oxidative environment and what contributes to their remarkable longevity.
This study received the financial support of the French Polar Institut (IPEV).
Programme: 131
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