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Author |
Alexandra Lavrillier, Semen Gabyshev |
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Title |
An Indigenous science of the climate change impacts on landscape topography in Siberia |
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2021 |
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Ambio |
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50 |
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11 |
Pages |
1910-1925 |
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1127 |
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1654-7209 |
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yes |
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7627 |
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Author |
Alexander L. Bond, Christopher Taylor, David Kinchin-Smith, Derren Fox, Emma Witcutt, Peter G. Ryan, Simon P. Loader, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
A juvenile Tristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) on land at the Crozet Islands |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
229-233 |
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Abstract |
Albatrosses and other seabirds are generally highly philopatric, returning to natal colonies when they achieve breeding age. This is not universal, however, and cases of extraordinary vagrancy are rare. The Tristan Albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) breeds on Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, with a small population on Inaccessible Island, Tristan da Cunha, ca 380 km away. In 2015, we observed an adult male albatross in Gonydale, Gough Island, which had been ringed on Ile de la Possession, Crozet Islands in 2009 when it was assumed to be an immature Wandering Albatross (D. exulans). We sequenced 1109 bp of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene from this bird, and confirmed it to be a Tristan Albatross, meaning its presence on Crozet 6 years previous, and nearly 5000 km away, was a case of prospecting behaviour in a heterospecific colony. Given the challenges in identifying immature Diomedea albatrosses, such dispersal events may be more common than thought previously. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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yes |
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8083 |
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Author |
Marina Renedo, Zoyne Pedrero, David Amouroux, Yves Cherel, Paco Bustamante |
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Title |
Mercury isotopes of key tissues document mercury metabolic processes in seabirds |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Chemosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
263 |
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Pages |
127777 |
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Keywords |
Demethylation Detoxification Metabolism Methylmercury Moult |
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109 |
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0045-6535 |
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8084 |
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Title |
International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the thirteenth generation |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Earth, Planets and Space |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
49 |
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Keywords |
Geomagnetism IGRF Magnetic field modeling |
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Abstract |
In December 2019, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the thirteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2015.0, a main field model for epoch 2020.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2020.0 to 2025.0. This letter provides the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this thirteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination and total field intensity for the epoch 2020.0, and maps of their predicted rate of change for the 2020.0 to 2025.0 time period. |
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139 |
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1880-5981 |
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yes |
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8085 |
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Title |
Fifty million years of beetle evolution along the Antarctic Polar Front |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
24 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica herbivory island biogeography paleoclimate species radiation |
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136 |
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0027-8424, 1091-6490 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8087 |
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Title |
Comparison of interferometer calibration techniques for improved SuperDARN elevation angles |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
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Pages |
100638 |
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Keywords |
Geolocation HF radar Interferometer calibration Ionosphere SuperDARN |
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Abstract |
The high frequency radars in the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) estimate the elevation angles of returned backscatter using interferometric techniques. These elevation angles allow the ground range to the scattering point to be estimated, which is crucial for the accurate geolocation of ionospheric measurements. For elevation angles to be accurately estimated, it is important to calibrate the interferometer measurements by determining the difference in the signal time delays caused by the difference in the electrical path lengths from the main array and the interferometer array to the point at which the signals are correlated. This time delay is known as tdiff. Several methods have been proposed to estimate tdiff using historical observations; these methods are summarised in this paper. Comparisons of the tdiff estimates from the different calibration methods are presented and sources of uncertainty discussed. The effect of errors in the estimated tdiff value on the accuracy of geolocation is evaluated and discussed. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations for both scientific SuperDARN data users and SuperDARN radar operators. |
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312 |
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1873-9652 |
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yes |
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8088 |
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Title |
Global economic costs of aquatic invasive alien species |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
775 |
Issue |
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Pages |
145238 |
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Keywords |
Brackish Freshwater Habitat biases InvaCost Marine Monetary impact |
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Abstract |
Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns and trends in economic costs of aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution of these costs across taxa, geographic regions and cost types; (ii) the temporal dynamics of global costs; and (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on the costs recorded from the existing literature, the global cost of aquatic IAS conservatively summed to US$345 billion, with the majority attributed to invertebrates (62%), followed by vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest costs were reported in North America (48%) and Asia (13%), and were principally a result of resource damages (74%); only 6% of recorded costs were from management. The magnitude and number of reported costs were highest in the United States of America and for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries and known aquatic alien species had no reported costs, especially in Africa and Asia. Accordingly, a network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate cost reporting. Aquatic IAS costs have increased in recent decades by several orders of magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion in 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented compared to terrestrial IAS; only 5% of reported costs were from aquatic species, despite 26% of known invaders being aquatic. Additionally, only 1% of aquatic invasion costs were from marine species. Costs of aquatic IAS are thus substantial, but likely underreported. Costs have increased over time and are expected to continue rising with future invasions. We urge increased and improved cost reporting by managers, practitioners and researchers to reduce knowledge gaps. Few costs are proactive investments; increased management spending is urgently needed to prevent and limit current and future aquatic IAS damages. |
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136 |
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ISSN |
0048-9697 |
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yes |
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8089 |
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Author |
Danish A. Ahmed, Emma J. Hudgins, Ross N. Cuthbert, Phillip J. Haubrock, David Renault, Elsa Bonnaud, Christophe Diagne, Franck Courchamp |
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Title |
Modelling the damage costs of invasive alien species |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biological Invasions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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136 |
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ISSN |
1573-1464 |
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yes |
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8090 |
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Title |
Comparative egg attendance patterns of incubating polar petrels |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Animal Biotelemetry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17 |
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Keywords |
Biologging Cape petrel Egg neglect Egg temperatures Egg turning rates Snow petrel |
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109 |
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ISSN |
2050-3385 |
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yes |
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8091 |
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Title |
Underwater photogrammetry for close-range 3D imaging of dry-sensitive objects: The case study of cephalopod beaks |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
7730-7742 |
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Keywords |
3D models cephalopod beaks dry-sensitive material micro-CT scanning micro-photogrammetry underwater photogrammetry |
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Abstract |
Technical advances in 3D imaging have contributed to quantifying and understanding biological variability and complexity. However, small, dry-sensitive objects are not easy to reconstruct using common and easily available techniques such as photogrammetry, surface scanning, or micro-CT scanning. Here, we use cephalopod beaks as an example as their size, thickness, transparency, and dry-sensitive nature make them particularly challenging. We developed a new, underwater, photogrammetry protocol in order to add these types of biological structures to the panel of photogrammetric possibilities. We used a camera with a macrophotography mode in a waterproof housing fixed in a tank with clear water. The beak was painted and fixed on a colored rotating support. Three angles of view, two acquisitions, and around 300 pictures per specimen were taken in order to reconstruct a full 3D model. These models were compared with others obtained with micro-CT scanning to verify their accuracy. The models can be obtained quickly and cheaply compared with micro-CT scanning and have sufficient precision for quantitative interspecific morphological analyses. Our work shows that underwater photogrammetry is a fast, noninvasive, efficient, and accurate way to reconstruct 3D models of dry-sensitive objects while conserving their shape. While the reconstruction of the shape is accurate, some internal parts cannot be reconstructed with photogrammetry as they are not visible. In contrast, these structures are visible using reconstructions based on micro-CT scanning. The mean difference between both methods is very small (10?5 to 10?4 mm) and is significantly lower than differences between meshes of different individuals. This photogrammetry protocol is portable, easy-to-use, fast, and reproducible. Micro-CT scanning, in contrast, is time-consuming, expensive, and nonportable. This protocol can be applied to reconstruct the 3D shape of many other dry-sensitive objects such as shells of shellfish, cartilage, plants, and other chitinous materials. |
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109 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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8092 |
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