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Fort, J., Grémillet, D., Helgason, H.H., Albert, C., Amélineau, F., Anker-Nilssen, T., Angelier, F., Bråthen, V.S., Bringsvor, I.S., Carlsen, T.H., Chastel, O., Cherenkov, A., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Danielsen, J., Daunt, F., Descamps, S., Dietz, R., Elliott, K., Erikstad, K.E., Eulaers, I., Ezhov, A., Fauchald, P., Fifield, D., Frederiksen, M., Gabrielsen, G.W., Gavrilo, M., Gilchrist, G., Gilg, O., Giraudeau, M., Gíslason, S., Golubova, E., Hallgrimsson, G.T., Hansen, E.S., S.A., H., Hatch, S., Helberg, M., Huffeldt, N.P., Jónsson, J.E., Kitaysky, A., Kolbeinsson, Y., Krasnov, Y., Langset, M., Latty, C., Leclaire, S., Lorentsen, S.H., Lorentzen, E., Love, O., Mallory, M., Merkel, B., Merkel, F., Moe, B., Montevecchi, W.A., Mosbech, A., Newell, M., Olsen, B., Orben, R., Parkinson, K., Patterson, A., Pratte, I., Provencher, J., Ragnarsdottir, S.B., Reiertsen, T.K., Renner, H., Robertson, G.J., Rojek, N., M, R., Sagerup, K., Semashko, V., Sepp, T., Sonne, C., Systad, G.H., Takahashi, A., Tarroux, A., Tertitski, G., Thompson, P., Tolmacheva, E., Will, A., Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K., Tórarinsson, T.L., Bustamante, P. & Strøm, H. |
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Title |
Mercury contamination of Arctic seabirds : spatio-temporal trends and impacts |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Third world seabird conference, Hobart, Australia, October 19-23, 2020 |
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1036 |
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8451 |
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Michael Lockwood, Mathew J. Owens, Carl Haines, Luke Barnard, Christopher John Scott, Aude Chambodut, Kathryn A. McWilliams, Alan W. P. Thomson |
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Title |
Universal Time Variations in Space Weather |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Earth and space science open archive |
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12 |
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We introduce the inductive effects of polar cap motions towards and way from the Sun into magnetospheric electrodynamics and show how this explains observed Universal Time variations in hemispheric geomagnetic indices. The large (and growing) hemispheric asymmetry in the offsets of the geomagnetic (dip or eccentric dipole) poles from Earth’s rotational axis means that the effect is not cancelled out in global indices. By adding this effect to that of the Russell-McPherron effect on solar wind-magnetosphere coupling, that of ionospheric conductivities, and that of the solar wind dynamic pressure and dipole tilt on the near-Earth tail lobe field and cross-tail current sheet, we are able to model the persistent “equinoctial” time-of-day/time-of-year pattern (with additional net Universal time variations) observed in the an, as and am geomagnetic indices since 1959. We discuss the implications for the longitudinal dependence of the effects of extreme space weather events |
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139 |
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8464 |
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Tranchant Y.-T., C. Chupin, L. Testut, V. Ballu, O. Laurain, P. Bonnefond |
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A new high-resolution coastal model in Kerguelen Island for CAL/VAL operations |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
Publication |
12th coastal altimetry workshop coastal altimetry training, 4-7 february 2020, esa-esrin, frascati, italy |
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688 |
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8494 |
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Author |
Houstin A. |
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At-sea ecology of the Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri): Foraging strategies and evaluation of methodological and conservation tools /// Ecologie en mer du manchot empereur (Aptenodytes Forsteri) : stratégies spatio-temporelles de prospection et de recherche alimentaire et évaluation des outils méthodologiques et de conservation |
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2020 |
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Phd |
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pp 368 |
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137 |
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yes |
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8495 |
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Yan Axel Gómez Coutouly, Angela K. Gore, Charles E. Holmes, Kelly E. Graf, Ted Goebel |
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Title |
“Knapping, My Child, is Made of Errors”: Apprentice Knappers at Swan Point and Little Panguingue Creek, Two Prehistoric Sites in Central Alaska |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Lithic Technology |
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46 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2-26 |
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Keywords |
Alaska apprenticeship lithic technology microblade prehistory |
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Abstract |
In Beringia, as in many other parts of the world, stone tools are the main diagnostic cultural artifact for understanding prehistoric societies. The analysis of lithic assemblages is the basis for establishing connections between sites and techno-complexes. Through highlighting major technological trends, archaeologists are able to interpret processes such as cultural continuity and migrations. Here we present a fine-grained analysis of two assemblages to perceive in detail the individuals behind the lithic productions, more specifically apprentice knappers. Although recognition of apprenticeship in a prehistoric context is not new, this is the first such study for Alaska and Beringia. We focus on two distinct assemblages with microblade technology: the late Pleistocene component of Swan Point CZ4b (Tanana valley) and the early Holocene component of Little Panguingue Creek C2 (Nenana valley), both in central Alaska. |
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1217 |
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0197-7261 |
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0197-7261 |
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yes |
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7632 |
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Author |
Moe B., Hanssen S.A., Ytrehus B., Balk L., Chastel O., Christensen-Dalsgaard S., Gustavsson H., Langset M. |
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Title |
Thiamine deficiency and seabirds in Norway. A pilot study |
Type |
Book |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Norvegian institute for nature research report |
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1720 |
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Moe, B., Hanssen, S. A., Ytrehus, B., Balk, L., Chastel, O., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Gustavsson, H. & Langset, M. 2020.Thiamine deficiency and seabirds in Norway. A pilot study. NINA Report 1720. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is vital for life-sustaining enzymes in cells. Previous studies have reported episodes of thiamine deficiency in marine ecosystems, and suggested that this have contributed to population declines of seabirds breeding in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere. Many Norwegian seabird populations have shown a strong decline in population size, but thiamine status has never been assessed. The objective of this pilot study was, thus, to document thiamin levels in selected species and their associated food webs, and explore methodological issues relevant for future studies or monitoring. The methodological tests showed that storage freezing temperature did not affect thiamine levels in egg yolk samples, and that thiamine levels in eggs could not be corrected for incubation time. Furthermore, the quantified thiamine levels differed between two laboratories, and we developed a predictive equation to convert thiamine levels in egg yolk samples between the laboratories. This pilot study has, for the first time, investigated thiamine levels in seabird eggs from selected species and populations in Norway mainland and Svalbard, and in their food webs. We revealed variation among species, populations and prey types. The lowest levels were found in eggs from common eiders and in blue mussel which is their prey. Eggs from herring gulls had also relatively low levels. The levels for common eiders and herring gulls were higher than previously reported from the Baltic Sea. Nevertheless, the levels from common eiders, herring gulls and blue mussels should be classified as thiamine deficient according to effect-ranges reported in these previous studies. The highest levels were found in eggs from kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins. The diet samples from kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins had higher thiamine levels compared to blue mussels. This is the first time thiamine levels are reported for kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins. This pilot-study cannot answer whether Norwegian seabird population sizes are affected by thiamine levels, but we cannot rule out that thiamine can be a limiting factor for some Norwegian seabird populations. This report identifies knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future studies and monitoring. We suggest more sampling of levels to better understand variation among years, areas, species and populations, and also clinical examinations and surveys. Studies investigating potential effects on reproduction and survival is ultimately need to better understand potential effects on population dynamics. |
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330 |
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978-82-426-3471-9 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8727 |
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Author |
Olivia Hicks, Akiko Kato, Frederic Angelier, Danuta M. Wisniewska, Catherine Hambly, John R. Speakman, Coline Marciau, Yan Ropert-Coudert |
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Title |
Acceleration predicts energy expenditure in a fat, flightless, diving bird |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
21493 |
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Keywords |
Ecology Ecophysiology |
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Abstract |
Energy drives behaviour and life history decisions, yet it can be hard to measure at fine scales in free-moving animals. Accelerometry has proven a powerful tool to estimate energy expenditure, but requires calibration in the wild. This can be difficult in some environments, or for particular behaviours, and validations have produced equivocal results in some species, particularly air-breathing divers. It is, therefore, important to calibrate accelerometry across different behaviours to understand the most parsimonious way to estimate energy expenditure in free-living conditions. Here, we combine data from miniaturised acceleration loggers on 58 free-living Adélie penguins with doubly labelled water (DLW) measurements of their energy expenditure over several days. Across different behaviours, both in water and on land, dynamic body acceleration was a good predictor of independently measured DLW-derived energy expenditure (R2 = 0.72). The most parsimonious model suggested different calibration coefficients are required to predict behaviours on land versus foraging behaviour in water (R2 = 0.75). Our results show that accelerometry can be used to reliably estimate energy expenditure in penguins, and we provide calibration equations for estimating metabolic rate across several behaviours in the wild. |
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1091 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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8765 |
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Author |
Boulinier, T., Betoulle, S., Caza, F., St Pierre, Y., Tornos, J., Gamble, A. &Amp; Tasiemski, A |
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Title |
Panorama des recherches et des derniers résultats sur les pathogènes en milieu polaire |
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Book Chapter |
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2020 |
Publication |
Ipev 2020: rapport d'activité − campagne 2018 2019 |
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54-65 |
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Approches complémentaires des interactions hôte-parasite en zones polaire: de la détection de parasites et agents infectieux à l'étude fonctionnelle, écologique et évolutive de leurs interactions avec leurs hôtes. |
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333,1151 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1246-7375 |
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yes |
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6951 |
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Author |
David Renault |
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Title |
A Review of the Phenotypic Traits Associated with Insect Dispersal Polymorphism, and Experimental Designs for Sorting out Resident and Disperser Phenotypes |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Insects |
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11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
214 |
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fecundity hostile matrix life-history mating morphology movement range expansion reproduction wing-dimorphic wing-monomorphic |
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Abstract |
Dispersal represents a key life-history trait with several implications for the fitness of organisms, population dynamics and resilience, local adaptation, meta-population dynamics, range shifting, and biological invasions. Plastic and evolutionary changes of dispersal traits have been intensively studied over the past decades in entomology, in particular in wing-dimorphic insects for which literature reviews are available. Importantly, dispersal polymorphism also exists in wing-monomorphic and wingless insects, and except for butterflies, fewer syntheses are available. In this perspective, by integrating the very latest research in the fast moving field of insect dispersal ecology, this review article provides an overview of our current knowledge of dispersal polymorphism in insects. In a first part, some of the most often used experimental methodologies for the separation of dispersers and residents in wing-monomorphic and wingless insects are presented. Then, the existing knowledge on the morphological and life-history trait differences between resident and disperser phenotypes is synthetized. In a last part, the effects of range expansion on dispersal traits and performance is examined, in particular for insects from range edges and invasion fronts. Finally, some research perspectives are proposed in the last part of the review. |
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136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7656 |
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Detlev Helmig, Daniel Liptzin, Jacques Hueber, Joel Savarino |
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Title |
Impact of exhaust emissions on chemical snowpack composition at Concordia Station, Antarctica |
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2020 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
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14 |
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1 |
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199-209 |
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Abstract |
The chemistry of reactive gases inside the snowpack and in the lower atmosphere was investigated at Concordia Station (Dome C), Antarctica, from December 2012 to January 2014. Measured species included ozone, nitrogen oxides, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), and formaldehyde, for study of photochemical reactions, surface exchange, and the seasonal cycles and atmospheric chemistry of these gases. The experiment was installed ≈1 km from the station main infrastructure inside the station clean air sector and within the station electrical power grid boundary. Ambient air was sampled continuously from inlets mounted above the surface on a 10 m meteorological tower. In addition, snowpack air was collected at 30 cm intervals to 1.2 m depth from two manifolds that had both above- and below-surface sampling inlets. Despite being in the clean air sector, over the course of the 1.2-year study, we observed on the order of 50 occasions when exhaust plumes from the camp, most notably from the power generation system, were transported to the study site. Continuous monitoring of nitrogen oxides (NOx) provided a measurement of a chemical tracer for exhaust plumes. Highly elevated levels of NOx (up to 1000 × background) and lowered ozone (down to ≈50 %), most likely from reaction of ozone with nitric oxide, were measured in air from above and within the snowpack. Within 5–15 min from observing elevated pollutant levels above the snow, rapidly increasing and long-lasting concentration enhancements were measured in snowpack air. While pollution events typically lasted only a few minutes to an hour above the snow surface, elevated NOx levels were observed in the snowpack lasting from a few days to ≈ 1 week. GEM and formaldehyde measurements were less sensitive and covered a shorter measurement period; neither of these species' data showed noticeable concentration changes during these events that were above the normal variability seen in the data. Nonetheless, the clarity of the NOx and ozone observations adds important new insight into the discussion of if and how snow photochemical experiments within reach of the power grid of polar research sites are possibly compromised by the snowpack being chemically influenced (contaminated) by gaseous and particulate emissions from the research camp activities. This question is critical for evaluating if snowpack trace chemical measurements from within the camp boundaries are representative for the vast polar ice sheets. |
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1177 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1994-0416 |
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yes |
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7853 |
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