|
Meudec L. (2021).
|
|
Le Moan E. (2021).
|
|
Mike Lockwood, Carl Haines, Luke A. Barnard, Mathew J. Owens, Chris J. Scott, Aude Chambodut, Kathryn A. McWilliams. (2021). Semi-annual, annual and Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere and in geomagnetic activity: 4. Polar Cap motions and origins of the Universal Time effect (Vol. 11).
|
Alexander L. Bond, Christopher Taylor, David Kinchin-Smith, Derren Fox, Emma Witcutt, Peter G. Ryan, Simon P. Loader, Henri Weimerskirch. (2021). A juvenile Tristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) on land at the Crozet Islands (Vol. 44).
Abstract: Albatrosses and other seabirds are generally highly philopatric, returning to natal colonies when they achieve breeding age. This is not universal, however, and cases of extraordinary vagrancy are rare. The Tristan Albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) breeds on Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, with a small population on Inaccessible Island, Tristan da Cunha, ca 380 km away. In 2015, we observed an adult male albatross in Gonydale, Gough Island, which had been ringed on Ile de la Possession, Crozet Islands in 2009 when it was assumed to be an immature Wandering Albatross (D. exulans). We sequenced 1109 bp of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene from this bird, and confirmed it to be a Tristan Albatross, meaning its presence on Crozet 6 years previous, and nearly 5000 km away, was a case of prospecting behaviour in a heterospecific colony. Given the challenges in identifying immature Diomedea albatrosses, such dispersal events may be more common than thought previously.
Programme: 109
|
Marina Renedo, Zoyne Pedrero, David Amouroux, Yves Cherel, Paco Bustamante. (2021). Mercury isotopes of key tissues document mercury metabolic processes in seabirds (Vol. 263).
Keywords: Demethylation Detoxification Metabolism Methylmercury Moult
Programme: 109
|
. (2021). International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the thirteenth generation (Vol. 73).
Abstract: In December 2019, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the thirteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2015.0, a main field model for epoch 2020.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2020.0 to 2025.0. This letter provides the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this thirteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination and total field intensity for the epoch 2020.0, and maps of their predicted rate of change for the 2020.0 to 2025.0 time period.
Keywords: Geomagnetism IGRF Magnetic field modeling
Programme: 139
|
. (2021). Fifty million years of beetle evolution along the Antarctic Polar Front (Vol. 118).
Keywords: Antarctica herbivory island biogeography paleoclimate species radiation
Programme: 136
|
. (2021). Comparison of interferometer calibration techniques for improved SuperDARN elevation angles (Vol. 28).
Abstract: The high frequency radars in the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) estimate the elevation angles of returned backscatter using interferometric techniques. These elevation angles allow the ground range to the scattering point to be estimated, which is crucial for the accurate geolocation of ionospheric measurements. For elevation angles to be accurately estimated, it is important to calibrate the interferometer measurements by determining the difference in the signal time delays caused by the difference in the electrical path lengths from the main array and the interferometer array to the point at which the signals are correlated. This time delay is known as tdiff. Several methods have been proposed to estimate tdiff using historical observations; these methods are summarised in this paper. Comparisons of the tdiff estimates from the different calibration methods are presented and sources of uncertainty discussed. The effect of errors in the estimated tdiff value on the accuracy of geolocation is evaluated and discussed. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations for both scientific SuperDARN data users and SuperDARN radar operators.
Keywords: Geolocation HF radar Interferometer calibration Ionosphere SuperDARN
Programme: 312
|
. (2021). Global economic costs of aquatic invasive alien species (Vol. 775).
Abstract: Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns and trends in economic costs of aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution of these costs across taxa, geographic regions and cost types; (ii) the temporal dynamics of global costs; and (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on the costs recorded from the existing literature, the global cost of aquatic IAS conservatively summed to US$345 billion, with the majority attributed to invertebrates (62%), followed by vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest costs were reported in North America (48%) and Asia (13%), and were principally a result of resource damages (74%); only 6% of recorded costs were from management. The magnitude and number of reported costs were highest in the United States of America and for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries and known aquatic alien species had no reported costs, especially in Africa and Asia. Accordingly, a network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate cost reporting. Aquatic IAS costs have increased in recent decades by several orders of magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion in 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented compared to terrestrial IAS; only 5% of reported costs were from aquatic species, despite 26% of known invaders being aquatic. Additionally, only 1% of aquatic invasion costs were from marine species. Costs of aquatic IAS are thus substantial, but likely underreported. Costs have increased over time and are expected to continue rising with future invasions. We urge increased and improved cost reporting by managers, practitioners and researchers to reduce knowledge gaps. Few costs are proactive investments; increased management spending is urgently needed to prevent and limit current and future aquatic IAS damages.
Keywords: Brackish Freshwater Habitat biases InvaCost Marine Monetary impact
Programme: 136
|
|
Danish A. Ahmed, Emma J. Hudgins, Ross N. Cuthbert, Phillip J. Haubrock, David Renault, Elsa Bonnaud, Christophe Diagne, Franck Courchamp. (2021). Modelling the damage costs of invasive alien species.
|
