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Title |
Antarctic Atmospheric River Climatology and Precipitation Impacts |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e2020JD033788 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica atmospheric rivers climatology meteorology |
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411 |
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2169-8996 |
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yes |
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8327 |
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2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
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8 |
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1201 |
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2296-7745 |
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yes |
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8326 |
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Author |
Guillaume Hubert |
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Title |
Analyses of the Secondary Cosmic Ray using CCD camera in high-altitude observatories and Antarctica stations |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
395 |
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Pages |
1238 |
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Keywords |
Array Pixel Sensors (APS) Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) |
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Abstract |
Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) and Array Pixel Sensors (APS) can be used to image radiation-induced energy deposition. The high sensitivity of depleted silicon to ionizing radiation constitutes an opportunity to investigate radiation effects while it is a nuisance to astronomer activities. CCD and APS provide a better combination of spatial and intensity resolution for radiation events than other available types of detector. This paper proposes to analyze radiation events observed in the CCD camera and more specifically analyses of charge deposition spectra and spatially extensive events. Measurements were performed in the Pic du Midi from 2011 to 2015 and in the Concordia Antarctica station since 2018. Coupled transport models (i.e. particle transport and charge transport in semiconductors) allow investigating contributions to charge collection spectra as a function of the particle nature, i.e. neutron, proton and muon. Coupled measurements and simulations allow to access to the detected secondary CR flux and the charge deposition pattern. Results showed that high charge level events seen on atmospheric sites can be considered as hadronic component (mainly neutrons and protons) while low charge levels and punctual events are induced by muons which are able to generate up to 3 fC in the CCD camera. Hence, thanks to double level of measurement sites, muon discrimination from other secondary particles has been investigated. Cross-comparison analyses based on CCD and neutron spectrometers operated in both station/observatory investigate secondary CR dynamic. |
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1112 |
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yes |
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8325 |
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Author |
Fabrice Genevois, Christophe Barbraud |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
217-219 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Interspecific feeding Penguin |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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1432-2056 |
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yes |
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8324 |
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Author |
Lavrillier, A., Gabyshev S. |
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Title |
A Siberian Indigenous Knowledge System for Understanding Climate Change |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Interact – stories of arctic science ii |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
II |
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Pages |
18-19, 115 |
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Programme |
1127 |
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yes |
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8319 |
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Title |
A Bad Start in Life? Maternal Transfer of Legacy and Emerging Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances to Eggs in an Arctic Seabird |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environmental Science & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
6091-6102 |
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Abstract |
In birds, maternal transfer is a major exposure route for several contaminants, including poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Little is known, however, about the extent of the transfer of the different PFAS compounds to the eggs, especially for alternative fluorinated compounds. In the present study, we measured legacy and emerging PFAS, including Gen-X, ADONA, and F-53B, in the plasma of prelaying black-legged kittiwake females breeding in Svalbard and the yolk of their eggs. We aimed to (1) describe the contaminant levels and patterns in both females and eggs, and (2) investigate the maternal transfer, that is, biological variables and the relationship between the females and their eggs for each compound. Contamination of both females and eggs were dominated by linPFOS then PFUnA or PFTriA. We notably found 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid?a precursor of long-chain carboxylates?in 84% of the egg yolks, and provide the first documented finding of ADONA in wildlife. Emerging compounds were all below the detection limit in female plasma. There was a linear association between females and eggs for most of the PFAS. Analyses of maternal transfer ratios in females and eggs suggest that the transfer is increasing with PFAS carbon chain length, therefore the longest chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were preferentially transferred to the eggs. The mean ?PFAS in the second-laid eggs was 73% of that in the first-laid eggs. Additional effort on assessing the outcome of maternal transfers on avian development physiology is essential, especially for PFCAs and emerging fluorinated compounds which are under-represented in experimental studies. |
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330 |
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ISSN |
0013-936X |
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yes |
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Serial |
8315 |
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Author |
Ryo Okuwaki, Stephen P. Hicks, Timothy J. Craig, Wenyuan Fan, Saskia Goes, Tim J. Wright, Yuji Yagi |
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Title |
Illuminating a Contorted Slab With a Complex Intraslab Rupture Evolution During the 2021 Mw 7.3 East Cape, New Zealand Earthquake |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
e2021GL095117 |
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Keywords |
earthquake rupture finite-fault inversion Hikurangi intraslab earthquakes slab geometry source imaging |
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Abstract |
The state-of-stress within subducting oceanic plates controls rupture processes of deep intraslab earthquakes. However, little is known about how the large-scale plate geometry and the stress regime relate to the physical nature of the deep intraslab earthquakes. Here we find, by using globally and locally observed seismic records, that the moment magnitude 7.3 2021 East Cape, New Zealand earthquake was driven by a combination of shallow trench-normal extension and unexpectedly, deep trench-parallel compression. We find multiple rupture episodes comprising a mixture of reverse, strike-slip, and normal faulting. Reverse faulting due to the trench-parallel compression is unexpected given the apparent subduction direction, so we require a differential buoyancy-driven stress rotation, which contorts the slab near the edge of the Hikurangi plateau. Our finding highlights that buoyant features in subducting plates may cause diverse rupture behavior of intraslab earthquakes due to the resulting heterogeneous stress state within slabs. |
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133 |
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ISSN |
1944-8007 |
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yes |
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8313 |
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Title |
Fine-scale spatial segregation in a pelagic seabird driven by differential use of tidewater glacier fronts |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
22109 |
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Keywords |
Behavioural ecology Biogeography |
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Abstract |
In colonially breeding marine predators, individual movements and colonial segregation are influenced by seascape characteristics. Tidewater glacier fronts are important features of the Arctic seascape and are often described as foraging hotspots. Albeit their documented importance for wildlife, little is known about their structuring effect on Arctic predator movements and space use. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tidewater glacier fronts can influence marine bird foraging patterns and drive spatial segregation among adjacent colonies. We analysed movements of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in a glacial fjord by tracking breeding individuals from five colonies. Although breeding kittiwakes were observed to travel up to ca. 280 km from the colony, individuals were more likely to use glacier fronts located closer to their colony and rarely used glacier fronts located farther away than 18 km. Such variation in the use of glacier fronts created fine-scale spatial segregation among the four closest (ca. 7 km distance on average) kittiwake colonies. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that spatially predictable foraging patches like glacier fronts can have strong structuring effects on predator movements and can modulate the magnitude of intercolonial spatial segregation in central-place foragers. |
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330 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8309 |
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Author |
Stephanie Jenouvrier, Judy Che-Castaldo, Shaye Wolf, Marika Holland, Sara Labrousse, Michelle LaRue, Barbara Wienecke, Peter Fretwell, Christophe Barbraud, Noah Greenwald, Julienne Stroeve, Philip N. Trathan |
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Title |
The call of the emperor penguin: Legal responses to species threatened by climate change |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
5008-5029 |
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Keywords |
climate risk assessments Endangered Species Act foreseeable future population projections redundancy and representation (3Rs) resiliency sea ice projections species distribution treatment of scientific uncertainty |
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Abstract |
Species extinction risk is accelerating due to anthropogenic climate change, making it urgent to protect vulnerable species through legal frameworks in order to facilitate conservation actions that help mitigate risk. Here, we discuss fundamental concepts for assessing climate change risks to species using the example of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), currently being considered for protection under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). This species forms colonies on Antarctic sea ice, which is projected to significantly decline due to ongoing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We project the dynamics of all known emperor penguin colonies under different GHG emission scenarios using a climate-dependent meta-population model including the effects of extreme climate events based on the observational satellite record of colonies. Assessments for listing species under the ESA require information about how species resiliency, redundancy and representation (3Rs) will be affected by threats within the foreseeable future. Our results show that if sea ice declines at the rate projected by climate models under current energy system trends and policies, the 3Rs would be dramatically reduced and almost all colonies would become quasi-extinct by 2100. We conclude that the species should be listed as threatened under the ESA. |
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109 |
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1365-2486 |
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yes |
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8308 |
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Title |
Fishing behaviours and fisher effect in decision-making processes when facing depredation by marine predators |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Fisheries Management and Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
528-541 |
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109 |
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1365-2400 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8307 |
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