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Author Natacha Garcin openurl 
  Title The effects of stress hormones on king penguin's growth, energetics and ageing rate Type Master 2
  Year 2020 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 35  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Stress exposure and stress response are likely to vary according to life history strategies and across environmental contexts. If the release of glucocorticoids (e.g. corticosterone, CORT) in response to acute stress enables animals to rightfully cope with the situation, chronic exposure to high CORT levels can lead to deleterious cascading effects on animal’s physiology, behavior and fitness. Some species may be more adapted to cope with stressful events than others and might exhibit natural adaptations to limit the adverse consequences of prolonged high CORT levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of experimentally elevated CORT levels on the growth, energetics and ageing of king penguin chicks (Aptenodytes patagonicus), using sub-cutaneous CORT implants. We investigated the effects of CORT both on the medium (23 days
after implant) and the long-term (fledging: ~ 200 days after the implant) on morphological (i.e. body mass and size), behavioral (i.e. aggressivity, physical activity) and physiological traits (i.e. heart rate, CORT response to acute stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial density and telomere length). Although CORT-treated chicks were taller, more aggressive and displayed lower CORT response to acute stress on the medium-term, there was no significant impact of CORT on the body mass and whole-body energetics assessed through heart rate and physical activity. Moreover, CORT chicks displayed lower oxidized glutathione on the medium and long-term, thus indirectly preventing
oxidative damage, while telomere length and mitochondrial density were not influenced by CORT implants. Although chronic elevation of glucocorticoid levels is mostly known to result in negative physiological and behavioral outcomes, our results indicating some positive effects of CORT implants are consistent with the hypothesis that species who encounter several noxious stressors in their environment, could be naturally adapted to cope with them. The growth-enhancing effect of CORT might be mediated by a higher efficiency at which food is assimilated and/or used, and CORT chicks might benefit from aggressive behaviors during competitive interactions or predation
encounters. Through the antioxidant glutathione system, CORT treated chicks seem to have developed a resistance to oxidative stress that could last over time (i.e. possibly through a reduction
of ROS production). While CORT implants did not accelerate ageing or bring short and mediumterm costs, possible long lasting programming effects of CORT should be further investigated.
 
  Programme 119  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8101  
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Author Panhelleux Léa &Amp; Lochin Pierre openurl 
  Title Télédétection appliquée au suivi des dynamiques de la végétation des îles Kerguelen Type Master 2
  Year 2020 Publication Projet professionnel, master 2 Telenvi Université Rennes 2 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract  
  Programme 136  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8100  
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Author Buscetti, M. openurl 
  Title Influence of geomagnetic storms on seismometers Type Master 2
  Year 2021 Publication Eost, Strasbourg Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Programme 139  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8099  
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Author Haberle, V. openurl 
  Title Automatic Characterisation of Magnetic Indices with Artificial Intelligence Type Master 2
  Year 2020 Publication Irap, Toulouse Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Programme 139  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8098  
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Author A. Wargnier openurl 
  Title Characterising the time profiles of relativistic solar energetic particle events observed by neutron monitors Type Master 1
  Year 2020 Publication Internship report, M1, Univ. Paris Sciences-Lettres Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This Report Presents The Result Of The Measurement Of Characteristic Times For Relativistic Solar Energetic Par- Ticle Events Observed By Neutron Monitors. The Typical Profile Of A Solar Event Observed By Neutrons Monitors Is A Fast Rise And A Slow Decay. But These Times Differ Between Events (From A Few Minutes To Several Hours) And Quantifying Them Is Interesting. In Fact, Studying These Characteristic Times Allows Us To Better Understand Solar High Energy Events. For This, We Used The Neutron Monitor Database (Nmdb) [1] And Python To Compute The Rise Time And The Decay Time. We Observed That There Is A Linear Relationship Between Rise Time And Decay Time Of These Solar Events.there Are Some Possible Interpretations For These Characteristic Times. These Times May Be Related To The Dura- Tion Of Particle Acceleration Or The Propagation Of The Particles In The Interplanetary Medium. We Looked Then For A Link Between The Measurement Of Neutron Monitors At The Earth And The Solar Activity: In X-rays, And The Microwave Domain. Furthermore, We Studied The Fluctuations Of The Interplanetary Magnetic Field. However, All These Attempts Were Unsuccessful To Find A Relation With The Rise Time Measured By Neutron Monitors. But Ejection Speeds Of Coronal Mass Ejections And Rise Time Solar Events Detected By Neutron Monitors May Be Linked.  
  Programme 227  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8097  
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Author Mazé C., Tixier P., Boulinier T., Gamble A., Guinet C., Robin J.-p. Et J. Labonne doi  openurl
  Title La transformation vers la soutenabilité, de la théorie à la pratique : la ZATA, un modèle d'étude et d'action pertinent et efficace. Le cas des pêcheries et de la conservation des oiseaux et mammifères marins Type Peer-reviewed symposium
  Year 2020 Publication 5ème colloque des zones ateliers-cnrs 2000-2020, 20 ans de recherche du réseau des zones ateliers. blois, france, 4-5 novembre 2020. oral. actes du colloque. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract L'horizon de transformation vers la soutenabilité fondée sur le concept de résilience en écologie est décrit de manière normative dans la littérature en sciences de l'environnement ou mis en valeur à partir de cas d'étude isolés. S'ils constituent d'importantes « semences pour un bon Anthropocène » ces exemples restent encore trop rares, alors que la transformation devrait d'être entreprise à plus grande échelle et à vitesse rapide. Cette transformation nécessite urgemment d'être mise en pratique de manière plus systématique et étayée à partir de cas d'action-recherche efficaces. Pour ce faire, ceux-ci doivent être conçus et mis en œuvre grâce à de nouvelles configurations, représentations et pratiques des relations entre chercheurs et autres acteurs du territoire, publics comme privés. Autrement dit, la transformation implique un changement de gouvernance, pour aller vers une gestion adaptative des territoires, des ressources naturelles et des sociétés qui en dépendent. Elle doit faire une plus grande place aux interactions entre humains et non-humains, redéfinir en profondeur le rapport homme / nature et passer par un rééquilibrage des pouvoirs entre groupes d'acteurs et institutions, dans le processus de décision en matière de gestion environnementale. Les sciences sociales et en particulier l'anthropologie des relations homme / milieu, la sociologie politique des sciences, la sociologie politique et l'économie écologique doivent être mobilisées à cette fin, en étroite interaction avec l'écologie. Les zones-ateliers fournissent à ce titre des cas privilégiés, permettant d'opérer ce changement de paradigme, en donnant une plus grande place à l'action collective, à l'hybridation des savoirs et à l'articulation équilibrée entre intérêts divergents. Elles permettent d'identifier les paramètres déterminants pour générer de manière efficace la transformation. La ZATA, zone atelier Antarctique et Terres Australes, malgré une pression anthropique directe limitée, offre un cadre de travail privilégié pour identifier les paramètres nécessaires à la mise en œuvre d'une gouvernance propice à une gestion adaptative permettant d'augmenter la résilience des SES. La pression du changement global y est très forte, tout comme les interactions entre les diverses catégories d'acteurs et d'institutions historiquement situées. La présence des scientifiques y est très installée et mêlée à des enjeux politiques, économiques et géostratégiques auxquels contribuent la conservation de la biodiversité. A partir de deux modèles d'étude (pêcheries à Kerguelen et interactions avec la mégafaune marine/ conservation des oiseaux marins, pathogènes et dératisation à Amsterdam) faisant intervenir des chercheurs, des décideurs, des gestionnaires et les acteurs économiques dans le processus de décision multi-échelles (e.g. État français / CCAMLAR-RCTA) en termes de gestion environnementale, nous présenterons une méthode de modélisation des socio-écosystèmes en systèmes dynamiques. Les modèles produits permettent d'envisager leurs trajectoires de résilience en fonction des choix de gestion et peuvent ainsi servir d'outil d'aide à la décision et d'instrument inédit en matière de construction des mesures de gestion adaptative. Cette communication, élaborée au fil des interactions avec les gestionnaires, alliera ainsi réflexion théorique et retours sur des cas concrets pouvant permettre une montée en généralité utile pour aller vers une gouvernance des SES effective et efficace en termes de résilience et de soutenabilité.  
  Programme 119  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8096  
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Author Tomoko Narazaki, Itsumi Nakamura, Kagari Aoki, Takashi Iwata, Kozue Shiomi, Paolo Luschi, Hiroyuki Suganuma, Carl G. Meyer, Rui Matsumoto, Charles A. Bost, Yves Handrich, Masao Amano, Ryosuke Okamoto, Kyoichi Mori, Stéphane Ciccione, Jérôme Bourjea, Katsufumi Sato doi  openurl
  Title Similar circling movements observed across marine megafauna taxa Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication iScience Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 102221  
  Keywords Animals Biological Sciences Ecology Ethology Zoology  
  Abstract Advances in biologging technology have enabled 3D dead-reckoning reconstruction of marine animal movements at spatiotemporal scales of meters and seconds. Examining high-resolution 3D movements of sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier, N = 4; Rhincodon typus, N = 1), sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, N = 3), penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus, N = 6), and marine mammals (Arctocephalus gazella, N = 4; Ziphius cavirostris, N = 1), we report the discovery of circling events where animals consecutively circled more than twice at relatively constant angular speeds. Similar circling behaviors were observed across a wide variety of marine megafauna, suggesting these behaviors might serve several similar purposes across taxa including foraging, social interactions, and navigation.  
  Programme 394  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2589-0042 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8095  
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Author David Renault, Eléna Manfrini, Boris Leroy, Christophe Diagne, Liliana Ballesteros-Mejia, Elena Angulo, Franck Courchamp doi  openurl
  Title Biological invasions in France: Alarming costs and even more alarming knowledge gaps Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication NeoBiota Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 67 Issue Pages 191-224  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The ever-increasing number of introduced species profoundly threatens global biodiversity. While the ecological and evolutionary consequences of invasive alien species are receiving increasing attention, their economic impacts have largely remained understudied, especially in France. Here, we aimed at providing a general overview of the monetary losses (damages caused by) and expenditures (management of) associated with invasive alien species in France. This country has a long history of alien species presence, partly due to its long-standing global trade activities, highly developed tourism, and presence of overseas territories in different regions of the globe, resulting in a conservative minimum of 2,750 introduced and invasive alien species. By synthesizing for the first time the monetary losses and expenditures incurred by invasive alien species in Metropolitan France and French overseas territories, we obtained 1,583 cost records for 98 invasive alien species. We found that they caused a conservative total amount ranging between US$ 1,280 million and 11,535 million in costs over the period 1993–2018. We extrapolated costs for species invading France, for which costs were reported in other countries but not in France, which yielded an additional cost ranging from US$ 151 to 3,030 millions. Damage costs were nearly eight times higher than management expenditure. Insects, and in particular the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus and the yellow fever mosquito Ae. aegypti, totalled very high economic costs, followed by non-graminoid terrestrial flowering and aquatic plants (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ludwigia sp. and Lagarosiphon major). Over 90% of alien species currently recorded in France had no costs reported in the literature, resulting in high biases in taxonomic, regional and activity sector coverages. To conclude, we report alarming costs and even more alarming knowledge gaps. Our results should raise awareness of the importance of biosecurity and biosurveillance in France, and beyond, as well as the crucial need for better reporting and documentation of cost data.  
  Programme 136  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1314-2488 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8094  
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Author Florian Orgeret, Ryan R. Reisinger, Tegan Carpenter-Kling, Danielle Z. Keys, Alexandre Corbeau, Charles-André Bost, Henri Weimerskirch, Pierre A. Pistorius file  doi
openurl 
  Title Spatial segregation in a sexually dimorphic central place forager: Competitive exclusion or niche divergence? Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Journal of Animal Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 90 Issue 10 Pages 2404-2420  
  Keywords bio-logging central place foraging ecological niche theory intraspecific competition kernel density estimates resource selection functions sexual segregation wandering albatross  
  Abstract Sexual competition is increasingly recognized as an important selective pressure driving species distributions. However, few studies have investigated the relative importance of interpopulation versus intrapopulation competition in relation to habitat availability and selection. To explain spatial segregation between sexes that often occurs in non-territorial and central place foragers, such as seabirds, two hypotheses are commonly used. The ‘competitive exclusion’ hypothesis states that dominant individuals should exclude subordinate individuals through direct competition, whereas the ‘niche divergence’ hypothesis states that segregation occurs due to past competition and habitat specialization. We tested these hypotheses in two populations of an extreme wide-ranging and sexually dimorphic seabird, investigating the relative role of intrapopulation and interpopulation competition in influencing sex-specific distribution and habitat preferences. Using GPS loggers, we tracked 192 wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans during four consecutive years (2016–2019), from two neighbouring populations in the Southern Ocean (Prince Edward and Crozet archipelagos). We simulated pseudo-tracks to create a null spatial distribution and used Kernel Density Estimates (KDE) and Resource Selection Functions (RSF) to distinguish the relative importance of within- versus between-population competition. Kernel Density Estimates showed that only intrapopulation sexual segregation was significant for each monitoring year, and that tracks between the two colonies resulted in greater overlap than expected from the null distribution, especially for the females. RSF confirmed these results and highlighted key at-sea foraging areas, even if the estimated of at-sea densities were extremely low. These differences in selected areas between sites and sexes were, however, associated with high interannual variability in habitat preferences, with no clear specific preferences per site and sex. Our results suggest that even with low at-sea population densities, historic intrapopulation competition in wide-ranging seabirds may have led to sexual dimorphism and niche specialization, favouring the ‘niche divergence’ hypothesis. In this study, we provide a protocol to study competition within as well as between populations of central place foragers. This is relevant for understanding their distribution patterns and population regulation, which could potentially improve management of threatened populations.  
  Programme 109,394  
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  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1365-2656 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8093  
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Author Marjorie Roscian, Anthony Herrel, Raphaël Cornette, Arnaud Delapré, Yves Cherel, Isabelle Rouget doi  openurl
  Title Underwater photogrammetry for close-range 3D imaging of dry-sensitive objects: The case study of cephalopod beaks Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 12 Pages 7730-7742  
  Keywords 3D models cephalopod beaks dry-sensitive material micro-CT scanning micro-photogrammetry underwater photogrammetry  
  Abstract Technical advances in 3D imaging have contributed to quantifying and understanding biological variability and complexity. However, small, dry-sensitive objects are not easy to reconstruct using common and easily available techniques such as photogrammetry, surface scanning, or micro-CT scanning. Here, we use cephalopod beaks as an example as their size, thickness, transparency, and dry-sensitive nature make them particularly challenging. We developed a new, underwater, photogrammetry protocol in order to add these types of biological structures to the panel of photogrammetric possibilities. We used a camera with a macrophotography mode in a waterproof housing fixed in a tank with clear water. The beak was painted and fixed on a colored rotating support. Three angles of view, two acquisitions, and around 300 pictures per specimen were taken in order to reconstruct a full 3D model. These models were compared with others obtained with micro-CT scanning to verify their accuracy. The models can be obtained quickly and cheaply compared with micro-CT scanning and have sufficient precision for quantitative interspecific morphological analyses. Our work shows that underwater photogrammetry is a fast, noninvasive, efficient, and accurate way to reconstruct 3D models of dry-sensitive objects while conserving their shape. While the reconstruction of the shape is accurate, some internal parts cannot be reconstructed with photogrammetry as they are not visible. In contrast, these structures are visible using reconstructions based on micro-CT scanning. The mean difference between both methods is very small (10−5 to 10−4 mm) and is significantly lower than differences between meshes of different individuals. This photogrammetry protocol is portable, easy-to-use, fast, and reproducible. Micro-CT scanning, in contrast, is time-consuming, expensive, and nonportable. This protocol can be applied to reconstruct the 3D shape of many other dry-sensitive objects such as shells of shellfish, cartilage, plants, and other chitinous materials.  
  Programme 109  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2045-7758 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8092  
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