Abstract: The Correct Derivation Of Paleotemperatures From Ice Cores Requires Exact Knowledge Of All Processes Involved Before And After The Deposition Of Snow And The Subsequent Formation Of Ice. At The Antarctic Deep Ice Core Drilling Site Dome C, A Unique Data Set Of Daily Precipitation Amount, Type, And Stable Water Isotope Ratios Is Available That Enables Us To Study In Detail Atmospheric Processes That Influence The Stable Water Isotope Ratio Of Precipitation. Meteorological Data From Both Automatic Weather Station And A Mesoscale Atmospheric Model Were Used To Investigate How Different Atmospheric Flow Patterns Determine The Precipitation Parameters. A Classification Of Synoptic Situations That Cause Precipitation At Dome C Was Established And, Together With Back-trajectory Calculations, Was Utilized To Estimate Moisture Source Areas. With The Resulting Source Area Conditions (Wind Speed, Sea Surface Temperature, And Relative Humidity) As Input, The Precipitation Stable Isotopic Composition Was Modeled Using The So-called Mixed Cloud Isotope Model (Mcim). The Model Generally Underestimates The Depletion Of 18o In Precipitation, Which Was Not Improved By Using Condensation Temperature Rather Than Inversion Temperature. Contrary To The Assumption Widely Used In Ice Core Studies, A More Northern Moisture Source Does Not Necessarily Mean Stronger Isotopic Fractionation. This Is Due To The Fact That Snowfall Events At Dome C Are Often Associated With Warm Air Advection Due To Amplification Of Planetary Waves, Which Considerably Increases The Site Temperature And Thus Reduces The Temperature Difference Between Source Area And Deposition Site. In Addition, No Correlation Was Found Between Relative Humidity At The Moisture Source And The Deuterium Excess In Precipitation. The Significant Difference In The Isotopic Signal Of Hoarfrost And Diamond Dust Was Shown To Disappear After Removal Of Seasonality. This Study Confirms The Results Of An Earlier Study Carried Out At Dome Fuji With A Shorter Data Set Using The Same Methods.

Abstract: Fire suppression since the 19th century has modified the functioning of boreal forest ecosystems in northern Sweden. In the long run, it induces changes in understory vegetation that result, especially on mesic sites, in feather mosses and Ericaceous dwarf shrubs outcompeting ground lichens, thus decreasing winter pastures for reindeer husbandry. In 2008, a field experiment was established in which, two years after a large forest fire, reindeer lichen (Cladonia spp.) was transplanted across various plots. The general objective was to accelerate the recovery of lichen-rich reindeer pastures, and test the ability of lichen thalli to establish on burnt surfaces following different post-fire treatments (tree harvest and standing trees retained), in different transplantation seasons (summer and winter) and at different doses (0.45Lm?2 and 2.25Lm?2). The abundance and level of occupancy of viable and established lichen fragments was determined in 0.25m2 quadrats in 2010, 2013 and 2015. There was a continuous increase in lichen establishment over time, and seven years after transplantation, established lichen occupied, on average, 55% and 83% of the 0.25m2 quadrats treated with the lower and higher doses, respectively. Nine years after fire, no lichen had colonized the control, i.e. the burnt surface outside the experimental area. At the site with standing trees retained, lichen had already formed a well-established mat with a significantly higher lichen occupancy and abundance than in the open, clear-cut sites, where lichen agglomerated in proto-mats. Lichen transplanted in late-summer exhibited higher abundance and occupancy than that transplanted in late-winter. On average, the difference in lichen occupancy and abundance between different doses after seven years was of lower magnitude than between the doses of lichen transplanted initially. The experiment reveals useful results for the restoration of reindeer pastures and for specifying fire management regimes adapted to both forestry and reindeer husbandry.