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Lemonnier C., Schull Q., Stier A., Boonstra R., Delahanty B., Lefol E., Durand L., Pardonnet S., Robin Jp., Criscuolo F., Bize P., Viblanc Va |
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Adaptive phenotypic programming to social density in king penguins |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2023 |
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11th international penguin conference., 4-9 september 2023., viña del mar., chile |
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119 |
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8731 |
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Lemonnier C., Bize P., Stier A., Cillard A., Montblanc M., Robin J-p., Handrich Y., Bost C-a., Viblanc V. |
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Compensating for harsh conditions at sea: plasticity of king penguin foraging strategies facing an experimental increase in workload |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2023 |
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11th International Penguin Conference., 4-9 September 2023., Viña del Mar., Chile |
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119 |
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8730 |
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Desoubeaux G., Boulinier T., Jorry T., Bocquet C., Lemonnier C., Robin J-p., Bize P., Baron J., Chesnay A., Bailly E., Stier A., Viblanc V.A |
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Title |
Fungal contamination in the environment of penguin communities in the French Southern Territories |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2023 |
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11th International Penguin Conference, 4-9 September 2023, Viña del Mar, Chile |
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119 |
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yes |
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8729 |
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Portier E., Mercier D., Decaulne A. |
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Schmidt-Hammer Dating of Five Rock Slope Failures in the Westfjords of Iceland |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2023 |
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European Young Geomorphologists Meeting, 9-11 June 2023, Chamonix-Courmayeur, France |
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Rock slopes failures (RSF) are numerous in Iceland, especially in the eastern, northern and northwestern regions, which correspond to Tertiary basaltic formations. Five sites have been specifically studied in the Westfjords around Bolungarvík: Óshólar, Minni-Hlið, Sunddalur, Vatnadalur and Meira-Hraun. The aim is to obtain dating of RSF to better understand the chronosequence of post-glacial events. The use of Schmidt-hammer on RSF deposits, consisting in measuring the hardness of the deposited blocks, made it possible to establish relative dating between the different elements of the RSF, and to calibrate datings of the different RSF taking into account carbon-14 dates obtained onto and in the close vicinity of the same landforms, taking benefits of the landform superimposition. For this purpose, macroremains of Betula sp. and paleo-soils were sampled from pits dug in peaty depressions. The SHED results (Schmidt-hammer exposure age dating) thus date the oldest of Óshólar’s RSF to 11,000 cal BP, the Minni-Hlið’s RSF to 9,500 cal BP, that of Sunddalur at 8,700 cal BP, the Vatnadalur one to 8,200 cal BP and finally that of Meira-Hraun at 8,700 cal BP. The chronology of the RSFs dated to the beginning of the deglaciation or the first times of the Holocene therefore fits a paraglacial logic of the emplacement of these deposits. |
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1266 |
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yes |
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8728 |
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Moe B., Hanssen S.A., Ytrehus B., Balk L., Chastel O., Christensen-Dalsgaard S., Gustavsson H., Langset M. |
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Title |
Thiamine deficiency and seabirds in Norway. A pilot study |
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Book |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Norvegian institute for nature research report |
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1720 |
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Moe, B., Hanssen, S. A., Ytrehus, B., Balk, L., Chastel, O., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Gustavsson, H. & Langset, M. 2020.Thiamine deficiency and seabirds in Norway. A pilot study. NINA Report 1720. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is vital for life-sustaining enzymes in cells. Previous studies have reported episodes of thiamine deficiency in marine ecosystems, and suggested that this have contributed to population declines of seabirds breeding in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere. Many Norwegian seabird populations have shown a strong decline in population size, but thiamine status has never been assessed. The objective of this pilot study was, thus, to document thiamin levels in selected species and their associated food webs, and explore methodological issues relevant for future studies or monitoring. The methodological tests showed that storage freezing temperature did not affect thiamine levels in egg yolk samples, and that thiamine levels in eggs could not be corrected for incubation time. Furthermore, the quantified thiamine levels differed between two laboratories, and we developed a predictive equation to convert thiamine levels in egg yolk samples between the laboratories. This pilot study has, for the first time, investigated thiamine levels in seabird eggs from selected species and populations in Norway mainland and Svalbard, and in their food webs. We revealed variation among species, populations and prey types. The lowest levels were found in eggs from common eiders and in blue mussel which is their prey. Eggs from herring gulls had also relatively low levels. The levels for common eiders and herring gulls were higher than previously reported from the Baltic Sea. Nevertheless, the levels from common eiders, herring gulls and blue mussels should be classified as thiamine deficient according to effect-ranges reported in these previous studies. The highest levels were found in eggs from kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins. The diet samples from kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins had higher thiamine levels compared to blue mussels. This is the first time thiamine levels are reported for kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins. This pilot-study cannot answer whether Norwegian seabird population sizes are affected by thiamine levels, but we cannot rule out that thiamine can be a limiting factor for some Norwegian seabird populations. This report identifies knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future studies and monitoring. We suggest more sampling of levels to better understand variation among years, areas, species and populations, and also clinical examinations and surveys. Studies investigating potential effects on reproduction and survival is ultimately need to better understand potential effects on population dynamics. |
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330 |
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978-82-426-3471-9 |
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8727 |
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Robert L, Baltzer A., |
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Title |
Les dessous du Spitzberg ou la naissance de nouveaux paysages 28 000 signes |
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Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
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Les carnets du paysage. Edition Actes Sud / École nationale supérieure de paysage |
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34 Sous l'horizon |
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Le paysagiste conçoit l’espace notamment avec ses connaissances sur le vivant, son caractère muable et changeant, les cycles du sol et des plantes. Il réalise systé-matiquement un état des lieux le plus exhaustif possible, du site à transformer à un instant “t”, mais il travaille aussi avec ce qu’il ne voit plus ou pas encore, sur la lente métamorphose des paysages, entièrement dépendante de ce qu’il y a en dessous.
Le géomorphologue, celui qui étudie les reliefs, les processus qui les façonnent, peut confirmer ou infirmer des intuitions. Car le paysage du dessus dépend de celui de dessous, il n’y a pas de césure entre les deux, c’est un véritable continuum, une entité, une épaisseur qui est en perpétuelle évolution, souvent très lente à l’échelle humaine. Mais actuellement, dans les hautes latitudes du Svalbard, archipel norvégien situé entre le 74° et le 81° de latitude nord, la transformation des paysages, dans le temps et dans l’espace, est visible à l’œil nu. |
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1223 |
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8726 |
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Julien Jumelet, Florent Tencé, Alain Sarkissian, Slimane Bekki, Philippe Keckhut |
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10 years of Polar Stratospheric Clouds lidar measurements at the French antarctic station Dumont d'Urville |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2021 |
Publication |
EGU General Assembly 2021 |
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EGU21 |
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Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) play a primary role in polar stratospheric ozone depletion processes. Aside from recent improvements in both spaceborne monitoring as well as investigations on microphysics and modeling, there are still caveats on building a comprehensive picture of the PSC particle population, especially considering the fine optical signatures of some particles. In that regard, groundbased instruments provide fine and long term reference measurements that complement the global spaceborne coverage. Operated at the French antarctic station Dumont d’Urville (DDU) in the frame of the international Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), the Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar provides over the years a solid dataset to feed both process and classification studies, by monitoring cloud and aerosol occurrences in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Located on antarctic shore (66°S – 140°E), the station has a privileged access to polar vortex dynamics. Measurements are weather-dependent with a yearly average of 130 nights of monitoring. Expected PSC formation temperatures are used to evaluate the whole PSC season occurrence statistics. We hereby present a consolidated dataset from 10 years of lidar measurements using the 532nm backscatter ratio, the aerosol depolarisation and local atmospheric conditions to help in building an aerosol/cloud classification. Overall, the DDU PSC pattern is very consistent with expected typical temperature controlled thresholds. Supercooled Ternary Solution (STS) particles are the most observed particle type, closely followed by Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT). ICE clouds are more rarely observed. The measurements also feature significant and detailed signatures of various aerosols events having reached the polar antarctic stratosphere, like the Calbuco eruption (2015) or the 2 australian wildfires episodes (2009 and 2019). We aim at refining the identification of those aerosols to include their impact in the scope of the scientific questions studied at DDU. |
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209 |
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8725 |
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Ramonet M., Chatterjee A., Ciais P., Levin I., Sha M., Steinbacher M., Sweeney C. |
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Title |
CO₂ in the Atmosphere: Growth and Trends Since 1850 |
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2023 |
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Oxford research encyclopedia of climate science |
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416 |
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978-0-19-022862-0 |
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8724 |
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Maxime Pineaux, Pierrick Blanchard, Léa Ribeiro, Scott A. Hatch, Sarah Leclaire |
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Title |
A Gull Species Recognizes MHC-II Diversity and Dissimilarity Using Odor Cues |
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2023 |
Publication |
Chemical signals in vertebrates |
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15 |
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139-151 |
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Birds Black-legged kittiwake Intraspecific communication Major histocompatibility complex Olfaction Rissa tridactyla Sexual selection |
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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a crucial role in the resistance to parasites in vertebrates and is thus often suggested to be an important force driving social interactions, including mating preference. However, the phenotypic cues used by individuals to assess the MHC characteristics of conspecifics are generally unknown. Here, we used behavioral tests to investigate whether, in black-legged kittiwakes, females use odor cues to distinguish male MHC-II diversity and MHC-II dissimilarity. We found that females took less time to peck at an odor sample coming from a male with high or low MHC-II diversity compared to intermediate MHC-II diversity. However, this result is due to the single individual who has only one MHC-II allele. When excluding this individual, females took less time to peck at an odor sample coming from a male with high MHC-II diversity. In addition, when the odor sample came from a male with higher MHC-II dissimilarity, females took less time to peck at the sample, but once they pecked at it, they delayed the use of the sample. Altogether, our results add evidence for olfactory recognition of MHC characteristics in birds, but further studies are needed to determine whether kittiwakes use this ability to optimize fitness. |
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1162 |
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978-3-031-35159-4 |
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8723 |
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Sarah Leclaire |
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The investment into sperm depends on genetic compatibility between pair mates in a monogamous species /// Investissement dans le sperme en fonction de la compatibilité génétique du couple chez un oiseau marin monogame |
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2023 |
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Annales de la Fondation Fyssen |
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36 |
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80-91 |
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Black-legged kittiwake Differential Allocation ejaculate Fitness Major Histocompatibility Complex |
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Sperm quality determines offspring fitness. However, investment into sperm being costly, it depends on the health or condition of males. According to the differential allocation hypothesis, males should decrease their investment into sperm when mated with a low-quality female. In this study, we show that, in the black-legged kittiwake, a monogamous seabird, sperm quality affects chick performance and that good-quality males produce a sperm of good quality. In addition, males mated with more genetically compatible females produce better quality sperm. This study suggests that the effects of sperm quality on offspring fitness may act as a natural selective pressure on males' differential allocation strategies. |
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1162 |
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8722 |
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