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Author |
Chastel, O. |
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Title |
Contaminants and seabirds in Svalbard: a French-Norwegian cooperation in the Arctic |
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Non peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Awipev science introduction 2018 alfred-wegener-institut, bremerhaven. 7 february |
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330 |
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yes |
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8291 |
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Fabrice Bertile, Laetitia Fouillen, Thierry Wasselin, Pauline Maes, Yvon Le Maho, Alain Van Dorsselaer, Thierry Raclot |
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Title |
The Safety Limits Of An Extended Fast: Lessons from a Non-Model Organism |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Scientific reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
39008 |
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Keywords |
Diagnostic markers Feeding behaviour |
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Abstract |
While safety of fasting therapy is debated in humans, extended fasting occurs routinely and safely in wild animals. To do so, food deprived animals like breeding penguins anticipate the critical limit of fasting by resuming feeding. To date, however, no molecular indices of the physiological state that links spontaneous refeeding behaviour with fasting limits had been identified. Blood proteomics and physiological data reveal here that fasting-induced body protein depletion is not unsafe “per se”. Indeed, incubating penguins only abandon their chick/egg to refeed when this state is associated with metabolic defects in glucose homeostasis/fatty acid utilization, insulin production and action, and possible renal dysfunctions. Our data illustrate how the field investigation of “exotic” models can be a unique source of information, with possible biomedical interest. |
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137 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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8290 |
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K. Stachura-Suchoples, N. Enke, C. Schlie, I. Schaub, U. Karsten, R. Jahn |
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Title |
Contribution towards a morphological and molecular taxonomic reference library of benthic marine diatoms from two Arctic fjords on Svalbard (Norway) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1933-1956 |
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Abstract |
Knowledge on benthic diatom taxonomy and hence biodiversity from Arctic locations is rare, though the few existing analyses address morphological characteristics only. Morphological treatment is a time-consuming process and just allows the taxonomic identification of a low sample volume. In contrast, molecular sequencing is a faster and universally applicable approach, and also has the potential for refined analyses. Unfortunately, a lot of molecular information in databases is not trustable, and often existing genetic data do not fit together with morphological aspects. Therefore, the main goal of our study was for the first time to combine both morphological features and DNA information on benthic Arctic diatoms. In a first step, we studied the morphology of 26 strains from the Rostock Culture Collection of Arctic diatoms via light and electron microscopies. Secondly, we addressed their molecular taxonomy by sequencing the DNA barcode 18S V4 and the chloroplast marker rbcL. As a result, we could identify five species. Seven of the altogether twelve taxa could not be attributed to any known species, because listed sequences and morphology did not fit together. From these, three species were described as new to science here. Although the studied strains represent only a minor fraction of the diatom flora of Svalbard, this study is a first milestone in coupling morphological and molecular data of benthic diatoms in such high latitudes. By making these data available online, they contribute to a taxonomic reference library for Arctic benthic diatoms and are available for comparative studies. |
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1158 |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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8289 |
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Author |
F. Parrenin, S. Fujita, A. Abe-Ouchi, K. Kawamura, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Motoyama, F. Saito, M. Severi, B. Stenni, R. Uemura, E. W. Wolff |
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Title |
Climate dependent contrast in surface mass balance in East Antarctica over the past 216 ka |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
236 |
Pages |
1037-1048 |
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Keywords |
ice cores surface mass balance vertical thinning volcanic synchronization |
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Abstract |
Documenting past changes in the East Antarctic surface mass balance is important to improve ice core chronologies and to constrain the ice-sheet contribution to global mean sea-level change. Here we reconstruct past changes in the ratio of surface mass balance (SMB ratio) between the EPICA Dome C (EDC) and Dome Fuji (DF) East Antarctica ice core sites, based on a precise volcanic synchronization of the two ice cores and on corrections for the vertical thinning of layers. During the past 216 000 a, this SMB ratio, denoted SMBEDC/SMBDF, varied between 0.7 and 1.1, being small during cold periods and large during warm periods. Our results therefore reveal larger amplitudes of changes in SMB at EDC compared with DF, consistent with previous results showing larger amplitudes of changes in water stable isotopes and estimated surface temperature at EDC compared with DF. Within the last glacial inception (Marine Isotope Stages, MIS-5c and MIS-5d), the SMB ratio deviates by up to 0.2 from what is expected based on differences in water stable isotope records. Moreover, the SMB ratio is constant throughout the late parts of the current and last interglacial periods, despite contrasting isotopic trends. |
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1203 |
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0022-1430, 1727-5652 |
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yes |
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8288 |
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Author |
Vincent Vionnet, Ingrid Dombrowski-Etchevers, Matthieu Lafaysse, Louis Quéno, Yann Seity, Eric Bazile |
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Title |
Numerical Weather Forecasts at Kilometer Scale in the French Alps: Evaluation and Application for Snowpack Modeling |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Hydrometeorology |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2591-2614 |
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Abstract |
Numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems operating at kilometer scale in mountainous terrain offer appealing prospects for forecasting the state of snowpack in support of avalanche hazard warning, water resources assessment, and flood forecasting. In this study, daily forecasts of the NWP system Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale (AROME) at 2.5-km grid spacing over the French Alps were considered for four consecutive winters (from 2010/11 to 2013/14). AROME forecasts were first evaluated against ground-based measurements of air temperature, humidity, wind speed, incoming radiation, and precipitation. This evaluation shows a cold bias at high altitude partially related to an underestimation of cloud cover influencing incoming radiative fluxes. AROME seasonal snowfall was also compared against output from the Système d’Analyse Fournissant des Renseignements Atmosphériques à la Neige (SAFRAN) specially developed for alpine terrain. This comparison reveals that there are regions of significant difference between the two, especially at high elevation, and possible causes for these differences are discussed. Finally, AROME forecasts and SAFRAN reanalysis have been used to drive the snowpack model Surface Externalisée (SURFEX)/Crocus (SC) and to simulate the snowpack evolution over a 2.5-km grid covering the French Alps during four winters. When evaluated at the experimental site of Col de Porte, both simulations show good agreement with measurements of snow depth and snow water equivalent. At the scale of the French Alps, AROME-SC exhibits an overall positive bias, with the largest positive bias found in the northern and central French Alps. This study constitutes the first step toward the development of a distributed snowpack forecasting system using AROME. |
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411 |
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ISSN |
1525-7541, 1525-755X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8287 |
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Author |
Darius Ceburnis, Agne Masalaite, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Andrius Garbaras, Vidmantas Remeikis, Willy Maenhaut, Magda Claeys, Jean Sciare, Dominique Baisnée, Colin D. O’Dowd |
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Title |
Stable isotopes measurements reveal dual carbon pools contributing to organic matter enrichment in marine aerosol |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
36675 |
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Keywords |
Carbon cycle Marine chemistry |
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Abstract |
Stable carbon isotope ratios in marine aerosol collected over the Southern Indian Ocean revealed δ13C values ranging from −20.0‰ to −28.2‰. The isotope ratios exhibited a strong correlation with the fractional organic matter (OM) enrichment in sea spray aerosol. The base-level isotope ratio of −20.0‰ is characteristic of an aged Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) pool contributing a relatively homogeneous background level of DOM to oceanic waters. The range of isotope ratios, extending down to −28.2‰, is characteristic of more variable, stronger, and fresher Particulate Organic Matter (POM) pool driven by trophic level interactions. We present a conceptual dual-pool POM-DOM model which comprises a ‘young’ and variable POM pool which dominates enrichment in sea-spray and an ‘aged’ but invariant DOM pool which is, ultimately, an aged end-product of processed ‘fresh’ POM. This model is harmonious with the preferential enrichment of fresh colloidal and nano-gel lipid-like particulate matter in sea spray particles and the observed depleted δ13C ratio resulting from isotope equilibrium fractionation coupled with enhanced plankton photosynthesis in cold water (−2 °C to +8 °C). These results re-assert the hypothesis that OM enrichment in sea-spray is directly linked to primary production and, consequently, can have implications for climate-aerosol-cloud feedback systems. |
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Programme |
415 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8286 |
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Author |
Yuri I. Kantor, Myroslaw G. Harasewych, Nicolas Puillandre |
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Title |
A critical review of Antarctic Conoidea (Neogastropoda) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Molluscan Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
153-206 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Convergence bathymetric distribution endemism new name new species |
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Abstract |
The Antarctic Conoidean fauna is critically reviewed based on published data and specimens in the collections of the USNM, IORAS and MNHN. Forty-two species and subspecies of the superfamily Conoidea are recorded as occurring within the Antarctic Convergence (excluding the fauna of the Kerguelen Islands) and are attributed to 14 genera and seven families. These include the new taxa: Antarctospira n. gen. (type species—Leucosyrinx badenpowelli Dell, 1990); Drilliola antarctica n. sp.; Pleurotomella (Pleutoromella) tippetti n. sp.; Pleurotomella (Anomalotomella) petiti n. sp.; Xanthodaphne pastorinoi n. sp. Aforia watsoni is introduced as a new name for Pleurotoma (Surcula) lepta Watson, 1881, non Pleurotoma lepta Edwards, 1861. A lectotype is designated for Conorbella antarctica (Strebel, 1908). New combinations are also proposed. Antarctospira badenpowelli (Dell, 1990), n. comb. (previously assigned to Leucosyrinx); Antarctospira principalis (Thiele, 1912), n. comb. (previously assigned to Typhlomangelia); Antarctospira mawsoni (Powell, 1958), n. comb. (previously assigned to Leucosyrinx); Typhlodaphne paratenoceras (Powell, 1951), n. comb. (previously assigned to Leucosyrinx); Belalora weirichi (Engl, 2008), n. comb. (previously assigned to Oenopota); Pleurotomella (Anomalotomella) innocentia (Dell, 1990), n. comb. (previously assigned to Typhlodaphne); Pleurotomella (Anomalotomella) nipri (Numanami, 1996), n. comb. (previously assigned to Typhlodaphne); Xanthodaphne raineri (Engl, 2008), n. comb. (previously assigned to Pleurotomella); Aforia hedleyi (Dell, 1990), n. comb. (previously assigned to Pontiothauma). The majority of Antarctic conoidean taxa have hypodermic marginal teeth. Although there is a similar relative abundance of conoideans in Antarctic waters to that seen in other well-studied faunas, the low number of conoideans is indicative of the general impoverishment of the gastropod fauna in the region. Fourteen percent (2 of 14) of conoidean genera that occur within the Antarctic Convergence are endemic to Antarctic waters, as are 82% (34 of 42) of the species. Most taxa have very broad bathymetric ranges, some extending from bathyal to hadal depths. The greatest species diversity was at bathyal depths. |
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Programme |
281,1124,1142 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1323-5818 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8285 |
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Author |
Annette Scheffer, Philip N. Trathan, Johnnie G. Edmonston, Charles-André Bost |
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Title |
Combined influence of meso-scale circulation and bathymetry on the foraging behaviour of a diving predator, the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Progress in Oceanography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
141 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-16 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Investigating the responses of marine predators to environmental features is of key importance for understanding their foraging behaviour and reproductive success. In this study we examined the foraging behaviour of king penguins breeding at Kerguelen (southern Indian Ocean) in relation to oceanographic and bathymetric features within their foraging ambit. We used ARGOS and Global Positioning System tracking together with Time–Depth–Temperature-Recorders (TDR) to follow the at-sea movements of incubating and brooding king penguins. Combining the penguin behaviour with oceanographic data at the surface through satellite data and at depth through in-situ recordings by the TDRs enabled us to explore how these predators adjusted their horizontal and vertical foraging movements in response to their physical environment. Relating the observed behaviour and oceanographic patterns to local bathymetry lead to a comprehensive picture of the combined influence of bathymetry and meso-scale circulation on the foraging behaviour of king penguins. During both breeding stages king penguins foraged in the area to the south-east of Kerguelen, where they explored an influx of cold waters of southern origin interacting with the Kerguelen Plateau bathymetry. Foraging in the Polar Front and at the thermocline was associated with high prey capture rates. However, foraging trip orientation and water mass utilization suggested that bathymetrically entrained cold-water features provided the most favourable foraging locations. Our study explicitly reports the exploration of bathymetry-related oceanographic features by foraging king penguins. It confirms the presence of Areas of Ecological Significance for marine predators on the Kerguelen Plateau, and suggests the importance of further areas related to the cold-water flow along the shelf break of the Kerguelen Plateau. |
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Programme |
394 |
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ISSN |
0079-6611 |
ISBN |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8284 |
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Author |
Marie L. Verheye, Patrick Martin, Thierry Backeljau, Cédric D'Udekem D'Acoz |
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Title |
DNA analyses reveal abundant homoplasy in taxonomically important morphological characters of Eusiroidea (Crustacea, Amphipoda) |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Zoologica Scripta |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
300-321 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Eusiroidea is one of the 20 amphipod superfamilies that were erected to subdivide the very large and controversial suborder Gammaridea. Yet, the definition of the superfamily is not based on synapomorphies, but on a combination of diagnostic phenetic similarities that hold more or less consistently across families. Moreover, many of the characters used to define eusiroid families are suspected to show convergent evolution. The current classification of the Eusiroidea may therefore not reflect evolutionary relationships accurately. Here, we present a molecular phylogenetic re-analysis of the Eusiroidea based on a comparison of 18S and 28S rDNA sequences of 73 species, representing 47 genera and 16 families that potentially belong to the superfamily. The results suggest that at least species belonging to 14 of these traditional families would be part of a eusiroid clade, increasing by more than twofold the species and generic richness of the group. However, most of the eusiroid families surveyed do not appear monophyletic. Finally, the analyses show that several important morphological characteristics, traditionally used in eusiroid taxonomy, are homoplastic. |
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Programme |
1124 |
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ISSN |
1463-6409 |
ISBN |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8283 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Marie L. Verheye, Thierry Backeljau, Cédric d’Udekem d’Acoz |
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Title |
Looking beneath the tip of the iceberg: diversification of the genus Epimeria on the Antarctic shelf (Crustacea, Amphipoda) |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
925-945 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The amphipod genus Epimeria is very speciose in Antarctic waters. Although their brooding biology, massive and heavily calcified body predict low dispersal capabilities, many Epimeria species are documented to have circum-Antarctic distributions. However, these distribution records are inevitably dependent on the morphological species definition. Yet, recent DNA evidence suggests that some of these Epimeria species may be complexes of species with restricted distributions. Mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rDNA sequence data were used to infer evolutionary relationships among 16 nominal Epimeria species from the Antarctic Peninsula, the eastern Weddell Sea and the Adélie Coast. Based on this phylogenetic framework, we used morphology and the DNA-based methods GMYC, bPTP and BPP to investigate species boundaries, in order to revise the diversity and distribution patterns within the genus. Most of the studied species appeared to be complexes of pseudocryptic species, presenting small and previously overlooked morphological differences. Altogether, 25 lineages were identified as putative new species, increasing twofold the actual number of Antarctic Epimeria species. Whereas most of the species may be geographically restricted to one of the three studied regions, some still have very wide distribution ranges, hence suggesting a potential for large-scale dispersal. |
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Programme |
281,1124,1142 |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8282 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
