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Maxime Pineaux, Thomas Merkling, Etienne Danchin, Scott Hatch, David Duneau, Pierrick Blanchard, Sarah Leclaire. (2020). Sex and hatching order modulate the association between MHC-II diversity and fitness in early-life stages of a wild seabird (Vol. 29).
Keywords: divergent allele advantage fitness heterozygote advantage immunity Ixodes uriae parasite-mediated selection
Programme: 1162
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. (2022). Aspergillosis in a colony of Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) under managed care: a clinical and environmental investigation in a French zoological park (Vol. 60).
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. (2021). Fine-scale spatial segregation in a pelagic seabird driven by differential use of tidewater glacier fronts (Vol. 11).
Abstract: In colonially breeding marine predators, individual movements and colonial segregation are influenced by seascape characteristics. Tidewater glacier fronts are important features of the Arctic seascape and are often described as foraging hotspots. Albeit their documented importance for wildlife, little is known about their structuring effect on Arctic predator movements and space use. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tidewater glacier fronts can influence marine bird foraging patterns and drive spatial segregation among adjacent colonies. We analysed movements of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in a glacial fjord by tracking breeding individuals from five colonies. Although breeding kittiwakes were observed to travel up to ca. 280 km from the colony, individuals were more likely to use glacier fronts located closer to their colony and rarely used glacier fronts located farther away than 18 km. Such variation in the use of glacier fronts created fine-scale spatial segregation among the four closest (ca. 7 km distance on average) kittiwake colonies. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that spatially predictable foraging patches like glacier fronts can have strong structuring effects on predator movements and can modulate the magnitude of intercolonial spatial segregation in central-place foragers.
Keywords: Behavioural ecology Biogeography
Programme: 330
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Stephanie Jenouvrier, Judy Che-Castaldo, Shaye Wolf, Marika Holland, Sara Labrousse, Michelle LaRue, Barbara Wienecke, Peter Fretwell, Christophe Barbraud, Noah Greenwald, Julienne Stroeve, Philip N. Trathan. (2021). The call of the emperor penguin: Legal responses to species threatened by climate change (Vol. 27).
Abstract: Species extinction risk is accelerating due to anthropogenic climate change, making it urgent to protect vulnerable species through legal frameworks in order to facilitate conservation actions that help mitigate risk. Here, we discuss fundamental concepts for assessing climate change risks to species using the example of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), currently being considered for protection under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). This species forms colonies on Antarctic sea ice, which is projected to significantly decline due to ongoing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We project the dynamics of all known emperor penguin colonies under different GHG emission scenarios using a climate-dependent meta-population model including the effects of extreme climate events based on the observational satellite record of colonies. Assessments for listing species under the ESA require information about how species resiliency, redundancy and representation (3Rs) will be affected by threats within the foreseeable future. Our results show that if sea ice declines at the rate projected by climate models under current energy system trends and policies, the 3Rs would be dramatically reduced and almost all colonies would become quasi-extinct by 2100. We conclude that the species should be listed as threatened under the ESA.
Keywords: climate risk assessments Endangered Species Act foreseeable future population projections redundancy and representation (3Rs) resiliency sea ice projections species distribution treatment of scientific uncertainty
Programme: 109
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. (2021). Fishing behaviours and fisher effect in decision-making processes when facing depredation by marine predators (Vol. 28).
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. (2021). Water Isotopic Signature of Surface Snow Metamorphism in Antarctica (Vol. 48).
Abstract: Water isotope ratios of ice cores are a key source of information on past temperatures. Through fractionation within the hydrological cycle, temperature is imprinted in the water isotopic composition of snowfalls. However, this signal of climatic interest is modified after deposition when snow remains at the surface exposed to the atmosphere. Comparing time series of surface snow isotopic composition at Dome C with satellite observations of surface snow metamorphism, we found that long summer periods without precipitation favor surface snow metamorphism altering the surface snow isotopic composition. Using excess parameters (combining D,17O, and 18O fractions) allow the identification of this alteration caused by sublimation and condensation of surface hoar. The combined measurement of all three isotopic compositions could help identifying ice core sections influenced by snow metamorphism in sites with very low snow accumulation.
Keywords: excess Ice cores metamorhism Paleoclimate water isotopes
Programme: 1110
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Alexander Kokhanovsky, Simon Gascoin, Laurent Arnaud, Ghislain Picard. (2021). Retrieval of Snow Albedo and Total Ozone Column from Single-View MSI/S-2 Spectral Reflectance Measurements over Antarctica (Vol. 13).
Keywords: albedo inverse problems light scattering radiative transfer snow snow grain size
Programme: 1110
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M. Paar, B. Lebreton, M. Graeve, M. Greenacre, R. Asmus, H. Asmus. (2019). Food sources of macrozoobenthos in an Arctic kelp belt: trophic relationships revealed by stable isotope and fatty acid analyses (Vol. 615).
Keywords: Detritus Food web Macroalgae Macrofauna Polar coastal ecosystem Trophic markers
Programme: 1190
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. (2022). A pair of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 characterized with CHEOPS (Vol. 511).
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. (2020). (Vol. 8).
Abstract: Camera traps for motion-triggered or continuous time-lapse recordings are readily available on the market. For demanding applications in ecology and environmental sciences, however, commercial systems often lack flexibility to freely adjust recording time intervals, suffer from mechanical component wear, and can be difficult to combine with auxiliary sensors such as GPS, weather stations, or light sensors. We present a robust time-lapse camera system that has been operating continuously since 2013 under the harsh climatic conditions of the Antarctic and Subantarctic regions. Thus far, we have recorded over one million images with individual cameras. The system consumes 122 mW of power in standby mode and captures up to 200,000 high-resolution (16 MPix) images without maintenance such as battery or image memory replacement. It offers time-lapse intervals between 2 s and 1 h, low-light or night-time power saving, and data logging capabilities for additional inputs such as GPS and weather data.
Keywords: Automated camera system Collective behavior Ecology Image processing Remote sensing Wildlife monitoring
Programme: 137
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