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Title |
Behavioural avoidance of sperm ageing depends on genetic similarity of mates in a monogamous seabird |
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Year |
2019 |
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Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |
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128 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
170-180 |
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Abstract |
Inbreeding, i.e. the mating of genetically related individuals, can lead to reduced fitness and is considered to be a major selective force of mate choice. Although inbreeding avoidance has been found in numerous taxa, individuals may face constraints when pairing, leading to mating with suboptimal partners. In such circumstances, individuals that are able to avoid factors exacerbating detrimental effects of inbreeding should be favoured. Using the socially and genetically monogamous black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), we explored whether the detrimental effects of inbreeding are exacerbated by sperm ageing (i.e. the post-meiotic senescence of sperm cells, mainly occurring within the female tracts after copulation), and whether they can be mitigated by behavioural tactics. First, by experimentally manipulating the age of the fertilizing sperm, we found that hatching failure due to sperm ageing increased with higher genetic similarity between mates. We then investigated whether more genetically similar pairs exhibited mating behaviours that prevent fertilization by old sperm. The more genetically similar mates were, the less likely they were to copulate early in the reproductive season and the more females performed post-copulatory sperm ejections. By flexibly adapting their behaviour in response to within-pair genetic similarity, kittiwakes may avoid exacerbation of inbreeding costs due to sperm ageing. |
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1162 |
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0024-4066 |
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0024-4066 |
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yes |
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8331 |
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Author |
James K. Kleckner, Kyle B. Withers, Eric M. Thompson, John M. Rekoske, Emily Wolin, Morgan P. Moschetti |
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Title |
Automated Detection of Clipping in Broadband Earthquake Records |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Seismological Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
93 |
Issue |
2A |
Pages |
880-896 |
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Abstract |
Because the amount of available ground?motion data has increased over the last decades, the need for automated processing algorithms has also increased. One difficulty with automated processing is to screen clipped records. Clipping occurs when the ground?motion amplitude exceeds the dynamic range of the linear response of the instrument. Clipped records in which the amplitude exceeds the dynamic range are relatively easy to identify visually yet challenging for automated algorithms. In this article, we seek to identify a reliable and fully automated clipping detection algorithm tailored to near?real?time earthquake response needs. We consider multiple alternative algorithms, including (1) an algorithm based on the percentage difference in adjacent data points, (2) the standard deviation of the data within a moving window, (3) the shape of the histogram of the recorded amplitudes, (4) the second derivative of the data, and (5) the amplitude of the data. To quantitatively compare these algorithms, we construct development and holdout datasets from earthquakes across a range of geographic regions, tectonic environments, and instrument types. We manually classify each record for the presence of clipping and use the classified records. We then develop an artificial neural network model that combines all the individual algorithms. Testing on the holdout dataset, the standard deviation and histogram approaches are the most accurate individual algorithms, with an overall accuracy of about 93%. The combined artificial neural network method yields an overall accuracy of 95%, and the choice of classification threshold can balance precision and recall. |
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133 |
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0895-0695 |
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yes |
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8330 |
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Christoph Kittel, Xavier Fettweis, Ghislain Picard, Noel Gourmelen |
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Title |
Assimilation of satellite-derived melt extent increases melt simulated by MAR over the Amundsen sector (West Antarctica) |
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2022 |
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Volume |
78 |
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Pages |
87-99 |
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1110 |
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0770-7576, 2507-0711 |
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yes |
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8329 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Environmental Science & Policy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
132 |
Issue |
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Pages |
323-336 |
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Keywords |
Arctic data Data driven public services In-situ Mercury Remote sensing Sustainable development |
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1028 |
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1462-9011 |
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yes |
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8328 |
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Title |
Antarctic Atmospheric River Climatology and Precipitation Impacts |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e2020JD033788 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica atmospheric rivers climatology meteorology |
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411 |
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ISSN |
2169-8996 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8327 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
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8 |
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1201 |
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2296-7745 |
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yes |
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8326 |
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Author |
Guillaume Hubert |
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Title |
Analyses of the Secondary Cosmic Ray using CCD camera in high-altitude observatories and Antarctica stations |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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395 |
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Pages |
1238 |
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Keywords |
Array Pixel Sensors (APS) Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) |
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Abstract |
Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) and Array Pixel Sensors (APS) can be used to image radiation-induced energy deposition. The high sensitivity of depleted silicon to ionizing radiation constitutes an opportunity to investigate radiation effects while it is a nuisance to astronomer activities. CCD and APS provide a better combination of spatial and intensity resolution for radiation events than other available types of detector. This paper proposes to analyze radiation events observed in the CCD camera and more specifically analyses of charge deposition spectra and spatially extensive events. Measurements were performed in the Pic du Midi from 2011 to 2015 and in the Concordia Antarctica station since 2018. Coupled transport models (i.e. particle transport and charge transport in semiconductors) allow investigating contributions to charge collection spectra as a function of the particle nature, i.e. neutron, proton and muon. Coupled measurements and simulations allow to access to the detected secondary CR flux and the charge deposition pattern. Results showed that high charge level events seen on atmospheric sites can be considered as hadronic component (mainly neutrons and protons) while low charge levels and punctual events are induced by muons which are able to generate up to 3 fC in the CCD camera. Hence, thanks to double level of measurement sites, muon discrimination from other secondary particles has been investigated. Cross-comparison analyses based on CCD and neutron spectrometers operated in both station/observatory investigate secondary CR dynamic. |
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1112 |
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yes |
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8325 |
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Author |
Fabrice Genevois, Christophe Barbraud |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
217-219 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Interspecific feeding Penguin |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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1432-2056 |
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yes |
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8324 |
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Title |
Advancing biological invasion hypothesis testing using functional diversity indices |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
834 |
Issue |
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Pages |
155102 |
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Keywords |
Alien invasive species Community-weighted trait mean Diversity indices Functional traits Invasibility Invasiveness |
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Abstract |
Pioneering investigations on the effects of introduced populations on community structure, ecosystem functioning and services have focused on the effects of invaders on taxonomic diversity. However, taxonomic-based diversity metrics overlook the heterogeneity of species roles within and among communities. As the homogenizing effects of biological invasions on community and ecosystem processes can be subtle, they may require the use of functional diversity indices to be properly evidenced. Starting from the listing of major functional diversity indices, alongside the presentation of their strengths and limitations, we focus on studies pertaining to the effects of invasive species on native communities and recipient ecosystems using functional diversity indices. By doing so, we reveal that functional diversity of the recipient community may strongly vary at the onset of the invasion process, while it stabilizes at intermediate and high levels of invasion. As functional changes occurring during the lag phase of an invasion have been poorly investigated, we show that it is still unknown whether there are consistent changes in functional diversity metrics that could indicate the end of the lag phase. Thus, we recommend providing information on the invasion stage under consideration when computing functional diversity metrics. For the existing literature, it is also surprising that very few studies explored the functional difference between organisms from the recipient communities and invaders of the same trophic levels, or assessed the effects of non-native organism establishment into a non-analogue versus an analogue community. By providing valuable tools for obtaining in-depth diagnostics of community structure and functioning, functional diversity indices can be applied for timely implementation of restoration plans and improved conservation strategies. To conclude, our work provides a first synthetic guide for their use in hypothesis testing in invasion biology. |
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136 |
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ISSN |
0048-9697 |
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yes |
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8323 |
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Title |
Shear Wave Splitting Across Antarctica: Implications for Upper Mantle Seismic Anisotropy |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
127 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e2021JB023325 |
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anisotropy Antarctica shear wave splitting upper mantle |
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133 |
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2169-9356 |
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yes |
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8322 |
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