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Van De Vijver B. & Beyens L. (1999). Moss diatom communities from Ile de la Possession(Crozet, Subantarctica). Polar Biol., 22, 219–231.
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Hulot G., Le Huy M. & Le Mouel J.L. (1993). Secousses (jerks) de la variation séculaire et mouvements dans le noyau terrestre. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 317, 333–341.
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Reymond D, Crusem R, Barriot J P, . (2010). Empirical approaches for fast robust inversion of seismic moment tensor from surface waves
. Geophysical Research Letters, 37(7), L07307–.
Abstract: We present a method of robust inversion (also called IRLS: Iterative Reweighted Least Squares) which is surprisingly insensitive to outlier data points, as it discards automatically the aberrant points, without the necessity for careful human inspection and control of data quality. Different criteria based on residuals and signal-to-noise ratio are injected into the covariance matrix (acting like a weighting function), to perform the robust inversion using the iterative generalized discrete inverse method of Tarantola-Valette. From a practical point of view, this algorithm is used as the Preliminary Determination of Focal Mechanism (PDFM) method, which is a project for rapid estimation of source parameters of strong earthquakes in the context of tsunami warning. The input data to be inverted are spectra of long period surface waves, and as an output, the computed result is the seismic moment tensor, from which focal geometry of an earthquake, and principal stress axes are obtained. This method can be applied to any other method of non-linear (iterative) inversions confronted to the problem of outlier points polluting the data sets.
Keywords: moment tensor, robust inversion, IRLS, 3260 Inverse theory, 7255 Surface waves and free oscillations, 7215 Earthquake source observations,
Programme: 133
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Jiguet F. (1997). Identification of South Polar Skua: the Brown Skua pitfall. Birding world, 10, 306–310.
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Van De Vijver B. & Beyens L. (1999). Freshwater diatoms from Ile de la Possession (Crozet archipelago, Subantarctica). Polar Biol., 22, 178–188.
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Feller G. & Gerday C. (1997). A cold love story..
Abstract: Workshop of the FWO working party 'Extremophiles'
Programme: 193
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Raymond Ben, Shaffer Scott A, Sokolov Serguei, Woehler Eric J, Costa Daniel P, Einoder Luke, Hindell Mark, Hosie Graham, Pinkerton Matt, Sagar Paul M, Scott Darren, Smith Adam, Thompson David R, Vertigan Caitlin, Weimerskirch Henri, . (2010). Shearwater foraging in the Southern Ocean: the roles of prey availability and winds.
. PloS one, 5(6), e10960.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sooty (Puffinus griseus) and short-tailed (P. tenuirostris) shearwaters are abundant seabirds that range widely across global oceans. Understanding the foraging ecology of these species in the Southern Ocean is important for monitoring and ecosystem conservation and management. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Tracking data from sooty and short-tailed shearwaters from three regions of New Zealand and Australia were combined with at-sea observations of shearwaters in the Southern Ocean, physical oceanography, near-surface copepod distributions, pelagic trawl data, and synoptic near-surface winds. Shearwaters from all three regions foraged in the Polar Front zone, and showed particular overlap in the region around 140 degrees E. Short-tailed shearwaters from South Australia also foraged in Antarctic waters south of the Polar Front. The spatial distribution of shearwater foraging effort in the Polar Front zone was matched by patterns in large-scale upwelling, primary production, and abundances of copepods and myctophid fish. Oceanic winds were found to be broad determinants of foraging distribution, and of the flight paths taken by the birds on long foraging trips to Antarctic waters. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The shearwaters displayed foraging site fidelity and overlap of foraging habitat between species and populations that may enhance their utility as indicators of Southern Ocean ecosystems. The results highlight the importance of upwellings due to interactions of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current with large-scale bottom topography, and the corresponding localised increases in the productivity of the Polar Front ecosystem.
Keywords: Animals, Biodiversity, Birds, Birds: physiology, Ecology, Marine Biology, Oceans and Seas, Predatory Behavior, Wind,
Programme: 109
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Toscani C. (2010). Divorce in king penguins: a trade-off between timing of reproduction and mate choice..
Abstract: In long-lived and monogamous species, where partners separate during the nonbreeding period, repairing with an old partner to begin a new breeding season could be an adaptive strategy. We evaluated this in a long-lived and monogamous seabird, the King Penguin Apetnodytes patagonicus, from ten years of automated monitoring data from transponded birds breeding on Crozet Island. Despite being monogamous within a breeding season, we observed a high interannual divorce rate (63%), that nevertheless, is significantly lower than cited in the literature. We thought this difference could be linked to flipper band effects on partner synchrony. Our results show that return synchrony plays a fundamental role in partner repairing, with an asynchrony lower than 24h leading to a null divorce rate. However, waiting for a partner is costly (reproduction being delayed means a lower success, and expensive fat storing), and when asynchrony exceeds 10 days, previously paired birds will not repair. Finally, we found that better quality individuals are less likely to divorce, and will be more synchronous in their return dates, facilitating the synchronization with their partners. This individual quality heterogeneity in the population supports the “better option” hypothesis. The high divorce rates in Aptenodytes genus could also be linked to the lack of a nest, the cost of a “mate retention” strategy would thus be too high and an “optimal divorce” strategy would allow a better adaptation of the long reproductive cycle to seasonal modification of the environment.
Programme: 137
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Duhamel G. (1998). The pelagic fish community of the Polar Frontal Zone off the Kerguelen islands..
Abstract: (G. di Prisco, E. Pisano, A. Clarke (eds), Fishes of Antarctica. A biological overview, Springer-Verlag
Programme: 282
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Fily M., Leroux C., Lenoble J. & Sergent C. (1998). Terrestrial snow studies from remote sensing in the solar spectrum and the thermal infrared. Solar System Ices, , 421–441.
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