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. (2023). Microbiota composition and diversity of multiple body sites vary according to reproductive performance in a seabird (Vol. 32).
Keywords: bacteria black-legged kittiwake feathers fitness individual quality microbiota reproductive success
Programme: 1162
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Maxime Pineaux, Thomas Merkling, Etienne Danchin, Scott A Hatch, Sarah Leclaire, Pierrick Blanchard. (2022). MHC-II distance between parents predicts sex allocation decisions in a genetically monogamous bird (Vol. 33).
Abstract: Theory predicts that parental heritable characteristics should shape sex allocation decisions when their effects on reproduction or survival are offspring sex-dependent. Numerous studies have questioned to what extent characteristics displayed by one of the parents matched theoretical expectations. This contrasts with the handful of studies that investigated whether compatibility between parents could also trigger selective pressures for sex allocation adjustments. We studied the genetically monogamous black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), where previous data revealed that female chicks suffered higher fitness costs from low diversity at genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) than male chicks. We predicted, and found in our dataset, that MHC-similar parents, producing low MHC-diverse offspring, should avoid the production of females. The relation between MHC-distance between parents (i.e. the functional distinctness of their MHC alleles) and offspring sex was not linear, such that MHC-dissimilar parents also overproduced sons. Overall, our results suggest that the genetically monogamous black-legged kittiwake parents flexibly adapt their reproduction and circumvent the costs of suboptimal pairing by manipulating offspring sex.
Programme: 1162
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. (2022). Metabolic heat loss in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) differs with stage of moult and between habitats (Vol. 104).
Keywords: Heat loss Marine mammals Moult Pinnipeds Skin temperature Thermoregulation
Programme: 1201
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. (2022). Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds (Vol. 844). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Keywords: Arctic Birds Mercury Toxicity benchmarks Toxicological effects
Programme: 330,388,1036,1210
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. (2021). (Vol. 2).
Keywords: Physical oceanography
Programme: 688
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. (2021). Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map (Vol. 10).
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Casey Youngflesh, Yun Li, Heather J. Lynch, Karine Delord, Christophe Barbraud, Rubao Ji, Stephanie Jenouvrier. (2021). Lack of synchronized breeding success in a seabird community: extreme events, niche separation, and environmental variability (Vol. 130).
Abstract: Synchrony in ecological systems, the degree to which elements respond similarly over time or space, can inform our understanding of how ecosystems function and how they are responding to global change. While studies of ecological synchrony are often focused on within-species dynamics, synchrony among species may provide important insights into how dynamics of one species are indicative of conditions relevant to the larger community, with both basic and applied implications. Ecological theory suggests there may be conditions under which communities might exhibit increased synchrony, however, the degree to which these patterns are borne out in natural systems is currently unknown. We used long-term breeding success data from a community of Antarctic seabirds to assess the degree of interspecific, community synchrony, and the role that extreme events play in driving these dynamics. We assessed theoretical links between community synchrony, niche separation, and environmental variability using data from this and three other seabird communities as well as a simulation study. Results show that reproductive success for individual species in the Antarctic seabird community fluctuated relatively independently from one another, resulting in little synchrony across this community, outside of extreme years. While an exceptionally poor year for a given species was not necessarily associated with an exceptionally poor year for any other species, one community-wide extreme year existed. When compared to other seabird communities, this group of Antarctic seabirds exhibited lower overall synchrony and higher estimated niche separation, supporting theoretical predictions. Empirical and simulation-derived results suggest that communities where temporal variation is small for conditions in which species respond substantially differently, and large for conditions in which species respond similarly, may exhibit more synchronous dynamics. Identifying where and why synchronous dynamics might be more apparent has the potential to inform how ecological communities might respond to future global change.
Keywords: Antarctica environmental indicators extreme events global change niche separation synchrony
Programme: 109
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. (2021). Fine-scale structures as spots of increased fish concentration in the open ocean (Vol. 11).
Abstract: Oceanic frontal zones have been shown to deeply influence the distribution of primary producers and, at the other extreme of the trophic web, top predators. However, the relationship between these structures and intermediate trophic levels is much more obscure. In this paper we address this knowledge gap by comparing acoustic measurements of mesopelagic fish concentrations to satellite-derived fine-scale Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. First, we demonstrate that higher fish concentrations occur more frequently in correspondence with strong Lagrangian Coherent Structures. Secondly, we illustrate that, while increased fish densities are more likely to be observed over these structures, the presence of a fine-scale feature does not imply a concomitant fish accumulation, as other factors affect fish distribution. Thirdly, we show that, when only chlorophyll-rich waters are considered, front intensity modulates significantly more the local fish concentration. Finally, we discuss a model representing fish movement along Lagrangian features, specifically built for mid-trophic levels. Its results, obtained with realistic parameters, are qualitatively consistent with the observations and the spatio-temporal scales analysed. Overall, these findings may help to integrate intermediate trophic levels in trophic models, which can ultimately support management and conservation policies.
Keywords: Fisheries Marine biology Physical oceanography
Programme: 109
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Grégoire Mureau. (2021). Étude des impacts des événements extrêmes sur le massif dunaire de la plage de Sanvík (Islande) (Vol. https://www-iuem.univ-brest.fr/pops/attachments/26).
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Hervé Rogissart. (2019).
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