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Anthony Sturbois, Julien Cucherousset, Miquel De Cáceres, Nicolas Desroy, Pascal Riera, Alexandre Carpentier, Nolwenn Quillien, Jacques Grall, Boris Espinasse, Yves Cherel, Gauthier Schaal |
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Title |
Stable Isotope Trajectory Analysis (SITA): A new approach to quantify and visualize dynamics in stable isotope studies |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Ecological Monographs |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e1501 |
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Keywords |
changes composition dynamics food web functioning spatial stable isotope structure temporal trajectories |
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Abstract |
Ecologists working with stable isotopes have to deal with complex datasets including temporal and spatial replication, which makes the analysis and the representation of patterns of change challenging, especially at high resolution. Due to the lack of a commonly accepted conceptual framework in stable isotope ecology, the analysis and the graphical representation of stable isotope spatial and temporal dynamics of stable isotope value at the organism or community scale remained in the past often descriptive and qualitative, impeding the quantitative detection of relevant functional patterns. The recent community trajectory analysis (CTA) framework provides more explicit perspectives for the analysis and the visualization of ecological trajectories. Building on CTA, we developed the Stable Isotope Trajectory Analysis (SITA) framework, to analyze the geometric properties of stable isotope trajectories on n-dimensional (n ≥ 2) spaces of analysis defined analogously to the traditional multivariate spaces (Ω) used in community ecology. This approach provides new perspectives into the quantitative analysis of spatio-temporal trajectories in stable isotope spaces (Ωδ) and derived structural and functional dynamics (Ωγ space). SITA allows the calculation of a set of trajectory metrics, based on either trajectory distances or directions, and new graphical representation solutions, both easily performable in an R environment. Here, we illustrate the use of our approach by reanalyzing previously published datasets from marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems. We highlight the insights provided by this new analytic framework at the individual, population, community, and ecosystems levels, and discuss applications, limitations, and development potential. |
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109 |
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1557-7015 |
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yes |
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8401 |
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Alice Carravieri, Orsolya Vincze, Paco Bustamante, Joshua T. Ackerman, Evan M. Adams, Frédéric Angelier, Olivier Chastel, Yves Cherel, Olivier Gilg, Elena Golubova, Alexander Kitaysky, Katelyn Luff, Chad L. Seewagen, Hallvard Strøm, Alexis P. Will, Glenn Yannic, Mathieu Giraudeau, Jérôme Fort |
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Title |
Quantitative meta-analysis reveals no association between mercury contamination and body condition in birds |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Biological Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
97 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1253-1271 |
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Keywords |
blood body mass energetics fat feather feeding habitat metabolism species |
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Abstract |
Mercury contamination is a major threat to the global environment, and is still increasing in some regions despite international regulations. The methylated form of mercury is hazardous to biota, yet its sublethal effects are difficult to detect in wildlife. Body condition can vary in response to stressors, but previous studies have shown mixed effects of mercury on body condition in wildlife. Using birds as study organisms, we provide the first quantitative synthesis of the effect of mercury on body condition in animals. In addition, we explored the influence of intrinsic, extrinsic and methodological factors potentially explaining cross-study heterogeneity in results. We considered experimental and correlative studies carried out in adult birds and chicks, and mercury exposure inferred from blood and feathers. Most experimental investigations (90%) showed a significant relationship between mercury concentrations and body condition. Experimental exposure to mercury disrupted nutrient (fat) metabolism, metabolic rates, and food intake, resulting in either positive or negative associations with body condition. Correlative studies also showed either positive or negative associations, of which only 14% were statistically significant. Therefore, the overall effect of mercury concentrations on body condition was null in both experimental (estimate ± SE = 0.262 ± 0.309, 20 effect sizes, five species) and correlative studies (−0.011 ± 0.020, 315 effect sizes, 145 species). The single and interactive effects of age class and tissue type were accounted for in meta-analytic models of the correlative data set, since chicks and adults, as well as blood and feathers, are known to behave differently in terms of mercury accumulation and health effects. Of the 15 moderators tested, only wintering status explained cross-study heterogeneity in the correlative data set: free-ranging wintering birds were more likely to show a negative association between mercury and body condition. However, wintering effect sizes were limited to passerines, further studies should thus confirm this trend in other taxa. Collectively, our results suggest that (i) effects of mercury on body condition are weak and mostly detectable under controlled conditions, and (ii) body condition indices are unreliable indicators of mercury sublethal effects in the wild. Food availability, feeding rates and other sources of variation that are challenging to quantify likely confound the association between mercury and body condition in natura. Future studies could explore the metabolic effects of mercury further using designs that allow for the estimation and/or manipulation of food intake in both wild and captive birds, especially in under-represented life-history stages such as migration and overwintering. |
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109,330,388,1036,1210 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1469-185X |
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yes |
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8400 |
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Author |
Gautier Davesne, Daniel Fortier, Florent Domine |
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Title |
Properties and stratigraphy of polar ice patches in the Canadian High Arctic reveal their current resilience to warm summers |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Arctic Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
414-449 |
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Abstract |
Ice patches are ubiquitous in polar regions and are a key element for landscape evolution. We present new insights into polar desert ice patch formation based on snow and ice properties at Ward Hunt Island (Canadian High Arctic, 83°N). Our results demonstrate that ice patches are composed of two distinct units. The upper unit is characterized by very fine granular and bubbly ice with a clear oblique layering. By contrast, the lower unit is strikingly different with coarse crystals, lower porosity, and a high frequency of fractures. For both units, superimposed ice formation at the base of the deep snowpack stands out as the primary ice aggradation process. The distinct properties of the lower unit likely result from a long period of kinetic ice crystal growth indicating a minimum age of several hundred years. A radiocarbon date of 3 487 ± 20 cal BP suggests that ice patches could potentially date back to the late Holocene. This old ice was recently truncated during warmer summers between 2008 and 2012, but the ice patch quickly recovered its volume during cooler summers. The old age of the ice patches and their rapid regeneration after melt events suggest their resilience to current warmer summers. |
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Programme |
1042 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8399 |
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Author |
Florent Domine, Kévin Fourteau, Ghislain Picard, Georg Lackner, Denis Sarrazin, Mathilde Poirier |
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Title |
Permafrost cooled in winter by thermal bridging through snow-covered shrub branches |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Nature Geoscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
554-560 |
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Keywords |
Climate change Climate sciences Climate-change impacts Cryospheric science |
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Abstract |
Considerable expansion of shrubs across the Arctic tundra has been observed in recent decades. These shrubs are thought to have a warming effect on permafrost by increasing snowpack thermal insulation, thereby limiting winter cooling and accelerating thaw. Here, we use ground temperature observations and heat transfer simulations to show that low shrubs can actually cool the ground in winter by providing a thermal bridge through the snowpack. Observations from unmanipulated herb tundra and shrub tundra sites on Bylot Island in the Canadian high Arctic reveal a 1.21 °C cooling effect between November and February. This is despite a snowpack that is twice as insulating in shrubs. The thermal bridging effect is reversed in spring when shrub branches absorb solar radiation and transfer heat to the ground. The overall thermal effect is likely to depend on snow and shrub characteristics and terrain aspect. The inclusion of these thermal bridging processes into climate models may have an important impact on projected greenhouse gas emissions by permafrost. |
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1042 |
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1752-0908 |
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yes |
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8398 |
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Paige J. Maroni, Bill J. Baker, Amy L. Moran, H. Arthur Woods, Conxita Avila, Glenn J. Johnstone, Jonathan S. Stark, Kevin M. Kocot, Susanne Lockhart, Thomas Saucède, Greg W. Rouse, Nerida G. Wilson, Paige J. Maroni, Bill J. Baker, Amy L. Moran, H. Arthur Woods, Conxita Avila, Glenn J. Johnstone, Jonathan S. Stark, Kevin M. Kocot, Susanne Lockhart, Thomas Saucède, Greg W. Rouse, Nerida G. Wilson |
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Title |
One Antarctic slug to confuse them all: the underestimated diversity of Doris kerguelenensis |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Invertebrate Systematics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
419-435 |
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Abstract |
The Antarctic marine environment, although rich in life, is predicted to experience rapid and significant effects from climate change. Despite a revolution in the approaches used to document biodiversity, less than one percent of Antarctic marine invertebrates are represented by DNA barcodes and we are at risk of losing biodiversity before discovery. The ease of sequencing mitochondrial DNA barcodes has promoted this relatively ‘universal’ species identification system across most metazoan phyla and barcode datasets are currently readily used for exploring questions of species-level taxonomy. Here we present the most well-sampled phylogeny of the direct-developing, Southern Ocean nudibranch mollusc, Doris kerguelenensis to date. This study sampled over 1000 new Doris kerguelenensis specimens spanning the Southern Ocean and sequenced the mitochondrial COI gene. Results of a maximum likelihood phylogeny and multiple subsequent species delimitation analyses identified 27 new species in this complex (now 59 in total). Using rarefaction techniques, we infer more species are yet to be discovered. Some species were only collected from southern South America or the sub-Antarctic islands, while at least four species were found spanning the Polar Front. This is contrary to dispersal predictions for species without a larval stage such as Doris kerguelenensis. Our work demonstrates the value of increasing geographic scope in sampling and highlights what could be lost given the current global biodiversity crisis. |
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1044 |
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ISSN |
1447-2600, 1447-2600 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8397 |
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Author |
Thomas Merkling, Scott A. Hatch, Sarah Leclaire, Etienne Danchin, Pierrick Blanchard |
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Title |
Offspring sex-ratio and environmental conditions in a seabird with sex-specific rearing costs: a long-term experimental approach |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
417-433 |
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Keywords |
Energy expenditure Life-history trade-off Oceanographic conditions Parental effort Reproductive cost |
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Abstract |
Sex allocation studies among birds and mammals are notoriously inconsistent with theoretical predictions. One explanation is the difficulty of collecting data on costs and benefits of sex-ratio adjustments, which prevents the investigation of underlying assumptions. Some predictions may thus have been tested in species where they should not have been expected. Here, we focus on the “cost of reproduction hypothesis”, which states that parents with low investment capacity should avoid producing the most expensive sex to minimise the decrease in their residual reproductive value. In the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), sons are energetically more expensive than daughters. Using 10 years of data (1172 chicks from 790 broods) from a long-term feeding experiment, we predicted a stronger decrease in the probability of producing a son with deteriorating environmental conditions among Control than among supplementally Fed parents. To test this prediction, we used three proxies of environmental conditions and a recent sliding window approach. We found no support for our prediction. Hence, we investigated between-year sex-ratio variation in relation to feeding status to detect a response to an unmeasured environmental variable. There was no interaction between year and feeding status, nor any effect of feeding status itself. However, the probability of producing a male increased with time, which could be a response to an oceanic regime shift that occurred around our colony, but that our proxies failed to capture. Our study further highlights the difficulty of explaining sex-ratio variation in long-lived species with complex life-histories where multiple selective pressures can occur simultaneously. |
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Programme |
1162 |
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ISSN |
1573-8477 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8396 |
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Author |
Leo Uesaka, Yusuke Goto, Yoshinari Yonehara, Kosei Komatsu, Masaru Naruoka, Henri Weimerskirch, Katsufumi Sato, Kentaro Q. Sakamoto |
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Title |
Ocean wave observation utilizing motion records of seabirds |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Progress in Oceanography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
200 |
Issue |
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Pages |
102713 |
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Keywords |
Biologging GPS Indian Ocean Ocean observation Ocean waves Seabird |
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Abstract |
Various environmental oceanic factors, such as ocean waves, affect seabird ecology; ocean waves are important, as most flying seabirds must land on ocean surfaces for foraging. However, the global ocean wave observation network is spatiotemporally poor compared to other parameters; fine-scale information on wave conditions is limited, and the influence of wave conditions on seabirds has not been quantitatively studied. In this study, a method was developed to estimate ocean waves from the fine-scale motions of seabirds floating on the sea surface, as recorded by a global positioning system (single-point positioning). Ocean wave parameters, estimated from streaked shearwater around the eastern ocean of Japan, strongly corresponded with the observation results of a buoy, with an accuracy of <0.3 m for wave heights of 1.0–2.5 m. Furthermore, wave height estimated from streaked shearwaters and wandering albatrosses around the southern Indian Ocean significantly correlated with hindcast-model values. Bird-based wave observation methods are valuable not only in seabird ecology but also in oceanography as an in-situ observation system. Based on the results of bird-based wave observations, the preferences of wandering albatrosses under various wave conditions were further examined. Anecdotal studies suggest that seabirds prefer low-wave conditions to forage in because of prey visibility; however, wandering albatrosses landed on the sea surface randomly, even on very high waves (5–6 m), revealing their tolerance to ocean surface conditions. Considering the effect of environmental factors on marine animals, increased inclusion of previously ignored parameters in analysis, such as ocean waves, is essential. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
0079-6611 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
8395 |
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Author |
Silvia Queipo-Abad, Zoyne Pedrero, Claudia Marchán-Moreno, Khouloud El Hanafi, Sylvain Bérail, Warren T. Corns, Yves Cherel, Paco Bustamante, David Amouroux |
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Title |
New insights into the biomineralization of mercury selenide nanoparticles through stable isotope analysis in giant petrel tissues |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Hazardous Materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
425 |
Issue |
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Pages |
127922 |
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Keywords |
HgSe nanoparticles Isotopic fractionation MeHg demethylation Mercury Seabirds |
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Abstract |
Tiemannite (HgSe) is considered the end-product of methylmercury (MeHg) demethylation in vertebrates. The biomineralization of HgSe nanoparticles (NPs) is understood to be an efficient MeHg detoxification mechanism; however, the process has not yet been fully elucidated. In order to contribute to the understanding of complex Hg metabolism and HgSe NPs formation, the Hg isotopic signatures of 40 samples of 11 giant petrels were measured. This seabird species is one of the largest avian scavengers in the Southern Ocean, highly exposed to MeHg through their diet, reaching Hg concentrations in the liver up to more than 900 µg g-1. This work constitutes the first species-specific isotopic measurement (δ202Hg, Δ199Hg) of HgSe NPs in seabirds and the largest characterization of this compound in biota. Similar δ202Hg values specifically associated to HgSe (δ202HgHgSe) and tissues (δ202Hgbulk) dominated by inorganic Hg species were found, suggesting that no isotopic fractionation is induced during the biomineralization step from the precursor (demethylated) species. In contrast, the largest variations between δ202Hgbulk and δ202HgHgSe were observed in muscle and brain tissues. This could be attributed to the higher fraction of Hg present as MeHg in these tissues. Hg-biomolecules screening highlights the importance of the isotopic characterization of these (unknown) complexes. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
0304-3894 |
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yes |
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8394 |
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Author |
A. Barbero, J. Savarino, R. Grilli, C. Blouzon, G. Picard, M. M. Frey, Y. Huang, N. Caillon |
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Title |
New Estimation of the NOx Snow-Source on the Antarctic Plateau |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
e2021JD035062 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Plateau flux chamber nitrate photolysis snowpack emissions |
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Abstract |
To fully decipher the role of nitrate photolysis on the atmospheric oxidative capacity in snow-covered regions, NOx flux must be determined with more precision than existing estimates. Here, we introduce a method based on dynamic flux chamber measurements for evaluating the NOx production by photolysis of snowpack nitrate in Antarctica. Flux chamber experiments were conducted for the first time in Antarctica, at the French-Italian station Concordia, Dome C (75°06'S, 123°20’E, 3233 m a.s.l) during the 2019–2020 summer campaign. Measurements were gathered with several snow samples of different ages ranging from newly formed drifted snow to 6-year-old firn. Contrary to existing literature expectations, the daily average photolysis rate coefficient, , did not significantly vary between differently aged snow samples, suggesting that the photolabile nitrate in snow behaves as a single-family source with common photochemical properties, where a = (2.37 0.35) × 10−8 s−1 (1) has been calculated from December 10th 2019 to January 7th 2020. At Dome C summer daily average NOx flux, , based on measured NOx production rates was estimated to be (4.3 1.2) × 108 molecules cm−2 s−1, which is 1.5–7 times less than the net NOx flux observed previously above snow at Dome C using the gradient flux method. Using these results, we extrapolated an annual continental snow sourced NOx budget of 0.017 0.003 TgN y−1, 2 times the nitrogen budget, (N-budget), of the stratospheric denitrification previously estimated for Antarctica. These quantifications of nitrate photolysis using flux chamber experiments provide a road-map toward a new parameterization of the product that can improve future global and regional models of atmospheric chemistry. |
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Programme |
1177 |
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ISSN |
2169-8996 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8393 |
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Author |
Petra Zemunik, Jadranka Šepić, Havu Pellikka, Leon Ćatipović, Ivica Vilibić |
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Title |
Minute Sea-Level Analysis (MISELA): a high-frequency sea-level analysis global dataset |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Earth system science data |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
4121-4132 |
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Abstract |
Sea-level observations provide information on a variety of processes occurring over different temporal and spatial scales that may contribute to coastal flooding and hazards. However, global research on sea-level extremes is restricted to hourly datasets, which prevent the quantification and analyses of processes occurring at timescales between a few minutes and a few hours. These shorter-period processes, like seiches, meteotsunamis, infragravity and coastal waves, may even dominate in low tidal basins. Therefore, a new global 1 min sea-level dataset – MISELA (Minute Sea-Level Analysis) – has been developed, encompassing quality-checked records of nonseismic sea-level oscillations at tsunami timescales (T<2 h) obtained from 331 tide-gauge sites (https://doi.org/10.14284/456, Zemunik et al., 2021b). This paper describes data quality control procedures applied to the MISELA dataset, world and regional coverage of tide-gauge sites, and lengths of time series. The dataset is appropriate for global, regional or local research of atmospherically induced high-frequency sea-level oscillations, which should be included in the overall sea-level extremes assessments. |
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8392 |
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