| Records |
| Author |
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| Title |
The relativistic solar particle event on 28 October 2021: Evidence of particle acceleration within and escape from the solar corona |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Astronomy & Astrophysics |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
663 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
A173 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Aims. We analyse particle, radio, and X-ray observations during the first relativistic proton event of solar cycle 25 detected on Earth. The aim is to gain insight into the relationship between relativistic solar particles detected in space and the processes of acceleration and propagation in solar eruptive events.Methods. To this end, we used ground-based neutron monitor measurements of relativistic nucleons and space-borne measurements of electrons with similar speed to determine the arrival times of the first particles at 1 AU and to infer their solar release times. We compared the release times with the time histories of non-thermal electrons in the solar atmosphere and their escape to interplanetary space, as traced by radio spectra and X-ray light curves and images.Results. Non-thermal electrons in the corona are found to be accelerated in different regions. Some are confined in closed magnetic structures expanding during the course of the event. Three episodes of electron escape to the interplanetary space are revealed by groups of decametric-to-kilometric type III bursts. The first group appears on the low-frequency side of a type II burst produced by a coronal shock wave. The two latter groups are accompanied at higher frequencies by bursts with rapid drifts to both lower and higher frequencies (forward- or reverse-drifting bursts). They are produced by electron beams that propagate both sunward and anti-sunward. The first relativistic electrons and nucleons observed near Earth are released with the third group of type III bursts, more than ten minutes after the first signatures of non-thermal electrons and of the formation of the shock wave in the corona. Although the eruptive active region is near the central meridian, several tens of degrees east of the footpoint of the nominal Parker spiral to the Earth, the kilometric spectrum of the type III bursts and the in situ detection of Langmuir waves demonstrate a direct magnetic connection between the L1 Lagrange point and the field lines onto which the electron beams are released at the Sun.Conclusions. We interpret the forward- and reverse-drifting radio bursts as evidence of reconnection between the closed expanding magnetic structures of an erupting flux rope and ambient open magnetic field lines. We discuss the origin of relativistic particles near the Earth across two scenarios: (1) acceleration at the CME-driven shock as it intercepts interplanetary magnetic field lines rooted in the western solar hemisphere and (2) an alternative where the relativistic particles are initially confined in the erupting magnetic fields and get access to the open field lines to the Earth through these reconnection events. |
| Programme |
227 |
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| ISSN |
0004-6361, 1432-0746 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial  |
8441 |
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| Author |
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| Title |
The Marine Vegetation of the Kerguelen Islands: History of Scientific Campaigns, Inventory of the Flora and First Analysis of Its Biogeographical Affinities |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Cryptogamie, Algologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
42 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
173-216 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1044 |
| Campaign |
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| Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0181-1568, 1776-0984 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8440 |
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| Author |
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| Title |
The magnitude, diversity, and distribution of the economic costs of invasive terrestrial invertebrates worldwide |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
835 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
155391 |
| Keywords |
Dollar InvaCost Invasion management Monetary impact Non-native Socioeconomic indicators |
| Abstract |
Invasive alien species (IAS) are a major driver of global biodiversity loss, hampering conservation efforts and disrupting ecosystem functions and services. While accumulating evidence documented ecological impacts of IAS across major geographic regions, habitat types and taxonomic groups, appraisals for economic costs remained relatively sparse. This has hindered effective cost-benefit analyses that inform expenditure on management interventions to prevent, control, and eradicate IAS. Terrestrial invertebrates are a particularly pervasive and damaging group of invaders, with many species compromising primary economic sectors such as forestry, agriculture and health. The present study provides synthesised quantifications of economic costs caused by invasive terrestrial invertebrates on the global scale and across a range of descriptors, using the InvaCost database. Invasive terrestrial invertebrates cost the global economy US$ 712.44 billion over the investigated period (up to 2020), considering only high-reliability source reports. Overall, costs were not equally distributed geographically, with North America (73%) reporting the greatest costs, with far lower costs reported in Europe (7%), Oceania (6%), Africa (5%), Asia (3%), and South America (< 1%). These costs were mostly due to invasive insects (88%) and mostly resulted from direct resource damages and losses (75%), particularly in agriculture and forestry; relatively little (8%) was invested in management. A minority of monetary costs was directly observed (17%). Economic costs displayed an increasing trend with time, with an average annual cost of US$ 11.40 billion since 1960, but as much as US$ 165.01 billion in 2020, but reporting lags reduced costs in recent years. The massive global economic costs of invasive terrestrial invertebrates require urgent consideration and investment by policymakers and managers, in order to prevent and remediate the economic and ecological impacts of these and other IAS groups. |
| Programme |
136 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0048-9697 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8439 |
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| Title |
Special issue on the AMAP 2021 assessment of mercury in the Arctic |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
843 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
157020 |
| Keywords |
Biological effects Climate change Human health Indigenous participation Mercury cycle |
| Abstract |
This Editorial presents an overview of the Special Issue on advances in Arctic mercury (Hg) science synthesized from the 2021 assessment of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). Mercury continues to travel to Arctic environments and threaten wildlife and human health in this circumpolar region. Over the last decade, progress has been achieved in addressing policy-relevant uncertainties in environmental Hg contamination. This includes temporal trends of Hg, its transport to and within the Arctic, methylmercury cycling, climate change influences, biological effects of Hg on fish and wildlife, human exposure to Hg, and forecasting of Arctic responses to different future scenarios of anthropogenic Hg emissions. In addition, important contributions of Indigenous Peoples to Arctic research and monitoring of Hg are highlighted, including through projects of knowledge co-production. Finally, policy-relevant recommendations are summarized for future study of Arctic mercury. This series of scientific articles presents comprehensive information relevant to supporting effectiveness evaluation of the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury. |
| Programme |
1028 |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0048-9697 |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8438 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Six pelagic seabird species of the North Atlantic engage in a fly-and-forage strategy during their migratory movements |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
676 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
127-144 |
| Keywords |
Common murres Dovekies Light-level geolocation Migration strategies Non-breeding movements Thick-billed murres |
| Abstract |
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| Programme |
330 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8437 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Similar at-sea behaviour but different habitat use between failed and successful breeding albatrosses |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
678 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
183-196 |
| Keywords |
Behavioural state Breeding failure Foraging behaviour Habitat models Inter-individual variability Procellariiformes Thalassarche carteri |
| Abstract |
Breeding failure is expected to induce behavioural changes in central place foragers. Indeed, after a failed reproductive attempt, breeding individuals are relieved from having to return to their breeding site for reproductive duties and thus are less constrained than successful breeders in their movements during the remainder of the breeding season. Accordingly, they are expected to adjust their behaviour, travelling longer in distance and/or time to reach foraging grounds. They are also expected to use different foraging areas to decrease local intra-specific competition with successful breeders. We compared the at-sea behaviour and habitat use of successful and failed Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses nesting in Amsterdam Island, Southern Indian Ocean, during 2 chick-rearing seasons. Failed breeders exhibited the same at-sea foraging behaviour, travelling as far and as long as successful breeders. They also spent the same amount of time on their nest between at-sea trips. Nevertheless, habitat models revealed partial spatial segregation of failed breeders, which used specific foraging areas characterized by deeper and colder waters in addition to the areas they shared with successful breeders. Our study shows the importance of combining a range of analytical methods (spatial analysis, behavioural inferences with advanced movement models and habitat models) to infer the at-sea behaviour and habitat use of seabirds. It also stresses the importance of considering individual breeding status when aiming to understand the spatial distribution of individuals, especially when this information may have conservation implications. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8436 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Mathilde Chevallay, Christophe Guinet, Tiphaine Jeanniard-Du-Dot |
| Title |
Should I stay or should I go? Behavioral adjustments of fur seals related to foraging success |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
33 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
634-643 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Understanding foraging strategies and decision-making processes of predators provide crucial insights into how they might respond to changes in prey availability and in their environment to maximize their net energy input. In this work, foraging strategies of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella, AFS) and Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus, NFS) were studied to determine how they adjust their foraging behavior according to their past prey capture experiences. AFS on Kerguelen Islands are exclusively oceanic divers, while NFS population of St Paul Island shows both oceanic and neritic divers. We thus hypothesized that the two species would respond differently to a change in prey capture success depending on their foraging strategy. To test this, 40 females were equipped with tags that measured tri-axial acceleration, dive depth, and GPS coordinates, from which we derived prey capture attempts and behavioral metrics. Influence of prey capture success on horizontal and vertical movements of seals was investigated at different time scales: multi-dive, night, and trip. Both AFS and NFS traveled further during the day if they encountered low prey capture periods during the previous night. However, at the multi-dive scale, neritic NFS differed from oceanic NFS and AFS in terms of decision-making processes, e.g., both AFS and oceanic NFS dived deeper in response to low prey capture rate periods, while neritic NFS did not. Similarities in decision-making processes between NFS and AFS foraging on pelagic prey suggest that pelagic vs. neritic prey type is a key factor in defining foraging decisions of diving marine predators. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1465-7279 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8435 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Sexual segregation in a sexually dimorphic seabird: a matter of spatial scale |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Peer Community in Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
1 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
100025 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
A recommendation of: Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Akiko Kato, Paco Bustamante, Yves Cherel Sexual segregation in a highly pagophilic and sexually dimorphic marine predator https://doi.org/10.1101/472431 |
| Programme |
109 |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2606-4979 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8434 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Seven snail species hidden in one: Biogeographic diversity in an apparently widespread periwinkle in the Southern Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
49 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1521-1534 |
| Keywords |
Antarctic cryptic species dispersal Littorinidae species-delimitation analyses sub-Antarctic vicariance |
| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1044 |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1365-2699 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8433 |
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| Author |
O. P. Mishra |
| Title |
Seismo-Geophysical Studies in the Antarctic Region: Geodynamical Implications |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Assessing the Antarctic Environment from a Climate Change Perspective: An Integrated Approach |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
287-341 |
| Keywords |
Geodynamics Glacial dynamics GMCIE Plate reconstruction Seismic potential Seismo-geophysical structures Seismogenesis The Antarctic WARS |
| Abstract |
Conduction of integrated seismo-geophysical studies in the Antarctic region is a challenge as well as very much warranted to explore the region for its better geo-scientific understanding. Seismogenesis and seismic potential of the Antarctic region have not yet been well understood because of lack of common consensus on various issues, besides its unique and complex geotectonic settings associated with intriguing landscape evolution of the Antarctic plate since the breakup of Gondwana, West Antarctic Rift System (WARS), different patterns of exhumation events that occurred between the Early Cretaceous and Cenozoic. The hostile climatic situation and inaccessibility of the region due to the huge spatial distribution of thicker ice sheets hindered the mission of conducting comprehensive seismo-geophysical studies for the Antarctic Peninsula due to severe constraints of installations of ground-based sophisticated seismo-geophysical equipments in the region. Several causative factors associated with natural and anthropogenic are found still enigmatic in the sense to unravel the fact how the genesis of earthquakes are related to the glacial-dynamics and glacial mass change-induced earthquakes (GMCIE). It has become important to decipher the role and contribution of the East and the West Antarctic microplates and West Antarctic rift systems (WARS) in seismogenesis using advanced methodologies of geosciences. Seismicity of the Antarctic continent region is confined to different tectonic blocks, distributed into the southern ocean, continental margin, Lutzow-Holm Bay, Antarctic Peninsula, and in the volcanic regions in and around Deception Island, which helped estimate the seismic structure of Antarctica. In this chapter, a comprehensive overview of seismo-geophysical studies has been made to understand seismo-geodynamical implications for the Antarctic region in light of the Plate Reconstruction and seismo-geophysical structures of Antarctica. |
| Programme |
133 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
978-3-030-87078-2 |
Medium |
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Expedition |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8432 |
| Permanent link to this record |
