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Fort, J., Grémillet, D., Helgason, H.H., Albert, C., Amélineau, F., Anker-Nilssen, T., Angelier, F., Bråthen, V.S., Bringsvor, I.S., Carlsen, T.H., Chastel, O., Cherenkov, A., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Danielsen, J., Daunt, F., Descamps, S., Dietz, R., Elliott, K., Erikstad, K.E., Eulaers, I., Ezhov, A., Fauchald, P., Fifield, D., Frederiksen, M., Gabrielsen, G.W., Gavrilo, M., Gilchrist, G., Gilg, O., Giraudeau, M., Gíslason, S., Golubova, E., Hallgrimsson, G.T., Hansen, E.S., S.A., H., Hatch, S., Helberg, M., Huffeldt, N.P., Jónsson, J.E., Kitaysky, A., Kolbeinsson, Y., Krasnov, Y., Langset, M., Latty, C., Leclaire, S., Lorentsen, S.H., Lorentzen, E., Love, O., Mallory, M., Merkel, B., Merkel, F., Moe, B., Montevecchi, W.A., Mosbech, A., Newell, M., Olsen, B., Orben, R., Parkinson, K., Patterson, A., Pratte, I., Provencher, J., Ragnarsdottir, S.B., Reiertsen, T.K., Renner, H., Robertson, G.J., Rojek, N., M, R., Sagerup, K., Semashko, V., Sepp, T., Sonne, C., Systad, G.H., Takahashi, A., Tarroux, A., Tertitski, G., Thompson, P., Tolmacheva, E., Will, A., Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K., Tórarinsson, T.L., Bustamante, P. & Strøm, H. |
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Title |
Mercury contamination of Arctic seabirds : spatio-temporal trends and impacts |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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Third world seabird conference, Hobart, Australia, October 19-23, 2020 |
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1036 |
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8451 |
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Von Beckerath, X., Eitzinger, B., Sittler, B., Gilg, O., Yannic, G., Klein, A.-M., Benadi, G. |
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Long-term monitoring reveals topographical features and vegetation explain winter habitat use of an Arctic rodent |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2021 |
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Annual meeting of the icelandic ecological society. nordic society oikos, reykjavik, iceland, 16-17 april 2021 |
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1036 |
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8450 |
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Justine Girardet, Francois Sarano, Gaëtan Richard, Paul Tixier, Christophe Guinet, Alana Alexander, Véronique Sarano, Hugues Vitry, Axel Preud’homme, René Heuzey, Ana M. Garcia-Cegarra, Olivier Adam, Bénédicte Madon, Jean-Luc Jung |
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Long Distance Runners in the Marine Realm: New Insights Into Genetic Diversity, Kin Relationships and Social Fidelity of Indian Ocean Male Sperm Whales |
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2022 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
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9 |
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Adult male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are long distance runners of the marine realm, feeding in high latitudes and mating in tropical and subtropical waters where stable social groups of females and immatures live. Several areas of uncertainty still limit our understanding of their social and breeding behavior, in particular concerning the potential existence of geographical and/or social fidelities. In this study, using underwater observation and sloughed-skin sampling, we looked for male social fidelity to a specific matrilineal sperm whale group near Mauritius. In addition, we captured a wider picture of kin relationships and genetic diversity of male sperm whales in the Indian Ocean thanks to biopsies of eight individuals taken in a feeding ground near the Kerguelen and Crozet Archipelagos (Southern Indian Ocean). Twenty-six adult male sperm whales were identified when socializing with adult females and immatures off Mauritius. Sloughed-skin samples were taken from thirteen of them for genetic analysis. Long-term underwater observation recorded several noteworthy social interactions between adult males and adult females and/or immatures. We identified seven possible male recaptures over different years (three by direct observation, and four at the gametic level), which supports a certain level of male social fidelity. Two probable first- and thirty second-degree kin relationships were highlighted between members of the social unit and adult males, confirming that some of the adult males observed in Mauritian waters are reproductive. Male social philopatry to their natal group can be excluded, as none of the males sampled shared the haplotype characteristic of the matrilineal social group. Mitochondrial DNA control region haplotype and nucleotide diversities calculated over the 21 total male sperm whales sampled were similar to values found by others in the Indian Ocean. Our study strongly supports the existence of some levels of male sperm whale social fidelity, not directed to their social group of birth, in the Indian Ocean. Males sampled in breeding and feeding grounds are linked by kin relationships. Our results support a model of male mediated gene flow occurring at the level of the whole Indian Ocean, likely interconnected with large-scale geographical fidelity to ocean basin, and a small-scale social fidelity to matrilineal social groups. |
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109 |
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2296-7745 |
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yes |
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Serial ![sorted by Serial field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
8449 |
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Author |
Grémillet, David |
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Title |
Les manchots de Mandela et autres récits océaniques |
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Book |
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2021 |
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232 pages |
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388 |
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978-2-330-15652-7 |
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8448 |
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Katharine Keogan, Francis Daunt, Sarah Wanless, Richard A. Phillips, David Alvarez, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, Robert T. Barrett, Claus Bech, Peter H. Becker, Per-Arvid Berglund, Sandra Bouwhuis, Zofia M. Burr, Olivier Chastel, Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard, Sebastien Descamps, Tony Diamond, Kyle Elliott, Kjell-Einar Erikstad, Mike Harris, Jonas Hentati-Sundberg, Martin Heubeck, Stephen W. Kress, Magdalene Langset, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Heather L. Major, Mark Mallory, Mick Mellor, Will T. S. Miles, Børge Moe, Carolyn Mostello, Mark Newell, Ian Nisbet, Tone Kirstin Reiertsen, Jennifer Rock, Paula Shannon, Øystein Varpe, Sue Lewis, Albert B. Phillimore |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Variation and correlation in the timing of breeding of North Atlantic seabirds across multiple scales |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
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91 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1797-1812 |
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Keywords |
breeding time climate change macroecology multispecies phenology |
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Timing of breeding, an important driver of fitness in many populations, is widely studied in the context of global change, yet despite considerable efforts to identify environmental drivers of seabird nesting phenology, for most populations we lack evidence of strong drivers. Here we adopt an alternative approach, examining the degree to which different populations positively covary in their annual phenology to infer whether phenological responses to environmental drivers are likely to be (a) shared across species at a range of spatial scales, (b) shared across populations of a species or (c) idiosyncratic to populations. We combined 51 long-term datasets on breeding phenology spanning 50 years from nine seabird species across 29 North Atlantic sites and examined the extent to which different populations share early versus late breeding seasons depending on a hierarchy of spatial scales comprising breeding site, small-scale region, large-scale region and the whole North Atlantic. In about a third of cases, we found laying dates of populations of different species sharing the same breeding site or small-scale breeding region were positively correlated, which is consistent with the hypothesis that they share phenological responses to the same environmental conditions. In comparison, we found no evidence for positive phenological covariation among populations across species aggregated at larger spatial scales. In general, we found little evidence for positive phenological covariation between populations of a single species, and in many instances the inter-year variation specific to a population was substantial, consistent with each population responding idiosyncratically to local environmental conditions. Black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla was the exception, with populations exhibiting positive covariation in laying dates that decayed with the distance between breeding sites, suggesting that populations may be responding to a similar driver. Our approach sheds light on the potential factors that may drive phenology in our study species, thus furthering our understanding of the scales at which different seabirds interact with interannual variation in their environment. We also identify additional systems and phenological questions to which our inferential approach could be applied. |
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330 |
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1365-2656 |
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yes |
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8447 |
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Author |
B. L. Woods, A. Walters, M. Hindell, A. T. Revill, I. Field, S. A. McCormack, Y. Cherel, R. Trebilco |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Trophic structure of Southern Ocean squid: a cross-basin analysis of stable isotopes in archived beaks from predator stomachs |
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Journal |
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2022 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
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685 |
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137-152 |
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Allometry Antarctic Biochemical tracers Cephalopods CSIA-AA· Nitrogen Mesopelagic Trophic position |
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Abstract |
Cephalopods are an important component of Southern Ocean food webs, but aspects of their trophic ecology remain unresolved. Here, we used archived squid (order Teuthida) beaks, collected from stomach contents of predators at Macquarie and Kerguelen Islands, to investigate the trophic structure within an assemblage of pelagic squids (Alluroteuthis antarcticus, Filippovia knipovitchi, Gonatus antarcticus, Histioteuthis eltaninae, Martialia hyadesi and Brachioteuthis linkovskyi). We combined bulk nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15Nbulk) with compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA) to estimate the trophic position (TP) of species and to assess isotopic relationships with body size at the species, community, and ocean basin levels. We observed significantly higher mean δ15Nbulk values for species at the Kerguelen Islands compared to conspecifics at Macquarie Island. This result was explained by regional variability in δ15N values of phenylalanine (δ15NPhe), suggesting that predator species were accessing different isotopic baselines at each region. This may highlight the different foraging strategies of both species. The overlap in species TP estimates from CSIA-AA (TPCSIA) between the 2 communities (Macquarie Island TPCSIA min: 2.3, max: 5.3; Kerguelen Islands TPCSIA min: 2.7, max: 5.3) indicated a similar trophic structure at both locations. We note unrealistically low TPCSIA for some species, which we attribute to uncertainty of trophic discrimination factors. TP estimates suggested that squid encompass 3 trophic levels from mid-trophic levels to higher predators. We did not find strong or consistent relationships between TP and body size at either the species- or community-level. One of the largest squid species, M. hyadesi, occupied the lowest TP in both communities. These new insights into the trophic structure of the Southern Ocean squid community have important implications for the future representation of pelagic squids in ecosystem models. |
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109 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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8446 |
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Camille Moreau, Baptiste Le Bourg, Piotr Balazy, Bruno Danis, Marc Eléaume, Quentin Jossart, Piotr Kuklinski, Gilles Lepoint, Thomas Saucède, Anton Van de Putte, Loïc N. Michel |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Trophic markers and biometric measurements in Southern Ocean sea stars (1985–2017) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
103 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e3611 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Asteroidea benthos biometric measurements Echinodermata elemental contents invertebrates marine ecosystems sea stars Southern Ocean stable isotopes subantarctic Islands |
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Abstract |
Sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) are a key component of Southern Ocean benthos, with 16% of the known sea star species living there. In temperate marine environments, sea stars commonly play an important role in food webs, acting as keystone species. However, trophic ecology and functional role of Southern Ocean sea stars are still poorly known, notably due to the scarcity of large-scale studies. Here, we report 24,332 trophic marker (stable isotopes and elemental contents of C, N, and S of tegument and/or tube feet) and biometric (arm length, disk radius, arm to disk ratio) measurements in 2,456 specimens of sea stars. Samples were collected between 12 January 1985 and 8 October 2017 in numerous locations along the Antarctic littoral and subantarctic islands. The spatial scope of the data set covers a significant portion of the Southern Ocean (47.717° S to 86.273° S; 127.767° W to 162.201° E; depth, 6–5,338 m). The data set contains 133 distinct taxa, including 72 currently accepted species spanning 51 genera, 20 families, and multiple feeding guilds/functional groups (suspension feeders, sediment feeders, omnivores, predators of mobile or sessile prey). For 505 specimens, mitochondrial CO1 genes were sequenced to confirm and/or refine taxonomic identifications, and those sequences are already publicly available through the Barcode of Life Data System. This number will grow in the future, as molecular analyses are still in progress. Overall, thanks to its large taxonomic, spatial, and temporal extent, as well as its integrative nature (combining genetic, morphological, and ecological data), this data set can be of wide interest to Southern Ocean ecologists, invertebrate zoologists, benthic ecologists, and environmental managers dealing with associated areas. Please cite this data paper in research products derived from the data set, which is freely available without copyright restrictions. |
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1044 |
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1939-9170 |
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8445 |
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Halfdan Pascal Kierulf, Jack Kohler, Jean-Paul Boy, Emily C Geyman, Anthony Mémin, Ove C D Omang, Holger Steffen, Rebekka Steffen |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Time-varying uplift in Svalbard—an effect of glacial changes |
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2022 |
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Geophysical Journal International |
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231 |
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3 |
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1518-1534 |
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We analyse Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data from Svalbard to understand how uplift rates are controlled by the elastic and viscoelastic response of the solid Earth to changes in glacier mass on annual, interannual, decadal, centennial and millennial timescales. To reveal local patterns of deformation, we filter the GNSS time-series with an enhanced common-mode filtering technique where the non-tidal loading signal is incorporated. This technique reduces the estimated uncertainties for 5-yr time-series from 0.8 to 0.3 mm yr–1. Analysis of the GNSS data with different software–GAMIT, GipsyX, and GINS–produce consistent results that all indicate large temporal variations in uplift. For example, at the Ny-Ålesund GNSS station, uplift varies between 6 and 12 mm yr–1 for different 5-yr periods, and also shows a significant increase in the last 15 yr. We show that this increase is due to climate change-related ice mass loss in Svalbard. We constrain recent glacier retreat on Svalbard using a series of digital elevation models, and then correct the GNSS-derived uplift records for the elastic signal from these ice mass changes. The residual uplift signal is relatively constant, confirming the hypothesis that current ice mass changes exert a strong influence on GNSS observations. The relatively constant record of residual uplift can be used to constrain other geophysical signals such as the viscoelastic response of the solid Earth to ice loading during the Little Ice Age and the Last Glacial Period. We review uplift results from previous viscoelastic modelling studies and show that the residual signal cannot yet be fully explained. Our new uplift results thus motivate the need for new viscoelastic modelling of the glacial isostatic adjustment process in Svalbard. |
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337 |
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0956-540X |
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8444 |
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Ghislain Picard, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Alison F. Banwell, Ludovic Brucker, Giovanni Macelloni |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
The sensitivity of satellite microwave observations to liquid water in the Antarctic snowpack |
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2022 |
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The Cryosphere Discussions |
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1-34 |
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Surface melting on the Antarctic Ice Sheet has been monitored by satellite microwave radiometery for over 40 years. Despite this long perspective, our understanding of the microwave emission from wet snow is still limited, preventing the full exploitation of these observations to study supraglacial hydrology. Using the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model, this study investigates the sensitivity of microwave brightness temperature to snow liquid water content at frequencies from 1.4 to 37 GHz. We first determine the snowpack properties for 8 selected coastal sites by retrieving profiles of density, grain size and ice layers from microwave observations when the snowpack is dry during winter time. Second, a series of brightness temperature simulations is run with added water. The results show that: i) a small amount of liquid water (≈0.5 kg m-2 can be detected, but the actual amount can not be retrieved in the full range of possible water contents, ii) the detection of a buried wet layer is possible up to a maximum 1 to 6 m depth depending on the frequency (6–37 GHz) and on the site, iii) surface ponds and water-saturated areas may prevent melt detection, but the current coverage of these water bodies in the large satellite field of view is presently too small in Antarctica to have noticeable effects, iv) at 1.4 GHz, while the simulations are less reliable, we found a weaker sensitivity to liquid water and the maximal depth of detection is relatively shallow (<10 m) compared to the typical radiation penetration depth in dry firn (≈1000 m) at this low frequency. These numerical results pave the way for the development of improved multi-frequency algorithms to detect melt intensity and depth in the Antarctic snowpack. |
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1110 |
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1994-0416 |
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8443 |
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David Renault, Camille Leclerc, Marc-Antoine Colleu, Aude Boutet, Hoel Hotte, Hervé Colinet, Steven L. Chown, Peter Convey |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
The rising threat of climate change for arthropods from Earth's cold regions: Taxonomic rather than native status drives species sensitivity |
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2022 |
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Global Change Biology |
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28 |
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20 |
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5914-5927 |
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Keywords |
arachnid Araneae Coleoptera Diptera heat exposure insect sub-Antarctic islands temperature thermal fluctuations warming |
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Abstract |
Polar and alpine regions are changing rapidly with global climate change. Yet, the impacts on biodiversity, especially on the invertebrate ectotherms which are dominant in these areas, remain poorly understood. Short-term extreme temperature events, which are growing in frequency, are expected to have profound impacts on high-latitude ectotherms, with native species being less resilient than their alien counterparts. Here, we examined in the laboratory the effects of short periodic exposures to thermal extremes on survival responses of seven native and two non-native invertebrates from the sub-Antarctic Islands. We found that survival of dipterans was significantly reduced under warming exposures, on average having median lethal times (LT50) of about 30 days in control conditions, which declined to about 20 days when exposed to daily short-term maxima of 24°C. Conversely, coleopterans were either not, or were less, affected by the climatic scenarios applied, with predicted LT50 as high as 65 days under the warmest condition (daily exposures at 28°C for 2 h). The native spider Myro kerguelensis was characterized by an intermediate sensitivity when subjected to short-term daily heat maxima. Our results unexpectedly revealed a taxonomic influence, with physiological sensitivity to heat differing between higher level taxa, but not between native and non-native species representing the same higher taxon. The survival of a non-native carabid beetle under the experimentally imposed conditions was very high, but similar to that of native beetles, while native and non-native flies also exhibited very similar sensitivity to warming. As dipterans are a major element of diversity of sub-Antarctic, Arctic and other cold ecosystems, such observations suggest that the increased occurrence of extreme, short-term, thermal events could lead to large-scale restructuring of key terrestrial ecosystem components both in ecosystems protected from and those exposed to the additional impacts of biological invasions. |
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136 |
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1365-2486 |
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yes |
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Serial ![sorted by Serial field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
8442 |
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