| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Samuel Veilleux, Armelle Decaulne, Najat Bhiry |
|
| |
Title |
Snow cornice and snow avalanche monitoring using automatic time lapse cameras in Tasiapik Valley, Nunavik (Québec) during the winter of 2017–2018 |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Arctic Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
798-812 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
A series of automatic time-lapse cameras installed along the southwestern side of Tasiapik Valley, near the village of Umiujaq, Nunavik (northern Québec) documented several departure modes and types of snow involved in snow avalanches during winter 2017–2018. These included cornice–avalanche dynamics, slab and loose snow avalanches, and clean and dirty snow avalanches. At the top of the selected slope, a camera monitored the development of a snow cornice beginning in November 2017, detecting multiple cornice failures over the winter and spring. The track and deposition area of the runout paths were monitored from two cameras downslope, revealing the concomitance of snow–cornice fall and snow avalanche triggering. Snow avalanche activity remained relatively infrequent until the end of May 2018. Spring snow avalanche activity is characterized by wet and dirty snow avalanches carrying debris to the foot of the slope and by runout zones located near the road along the slope. |
|
| |
Programme |
1148 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial  |
8461 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Dimas Sianipar, Bor-Shouh Huang, Kuo-Fong Ma, Ming-Che Hsieh, Po-Fei Chen, D. Daryono |
|
| |
Title |
Similarities in the rupture process and cascading asperities between neighboring fault patches and seismic implications: The 2002–2009 Sumbawa (Indonesia) earthquakes with moment magnitudes of 6.2–6.6 |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
229 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
105167 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Asperities Finite-fault Flores Thrust Rupture Source-time-functions |
|
| |
Abstract |
The Flores Thrust is a southward-dipping, low-to-moderate angle submarine active fault in the eastern Sunda-Banda back-arc (Indonesia). Significant shallow-depth destructive earthquakes have been reported along this fault zone. From 2002 to 2009, one of its fault segments, called the Sumbawa segment, experienced five earthquakes with moment magnitude (MW) values of 6.2–6.6. In this study, we performed finite-fault rupture inversions for these earthquakes, constrained with teleseismic body and surface waveforms, to investigate the characteristics of earthquake ruptures along this fault zone. We obtained the source-time-functions and finite-fault rupture models for these five earthquakes. Results indicated that ruptures often propagated along-strike or down-dip. The ruptures were initiated from the middle crust (depth of approximately 12–17 km) and exhibited a comparable initiation behavior to their entire rupture. The rupture speeds and stress drops were approximately 2.0–2.5 km/s and 1.0–2.0 MPa, respectively. Five cascading asperities ruptured neighboring fault patches and did not overlap each other. The characteristics of earthquake source parameters and rupture processes obtained in this study are robust and helpful for future regional seismic hazard assessment and earthquake early warning studies. These cascading asperities might be related to the fault immaturity of the western Flores Thrust. Alternatively, these earthquakes may act as asperities located at the down-dip patches of the Sumbawa segment, and its shallower section still has a potential of ruptures with MW > 7.0. |
|
| |
Programme |
133 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1367-9120 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
8460 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Fabrice Le Bouard, Roald Harivel, Jérémie Demay, Adrien Chaigne, Thierry Micol |
|
| |
Title |
Seabird population changes following mammal eradication at oceanic Saint-Paul Island, Indian Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal for Nature Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
63 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
126049 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Island restoration Petrels Population growth rate Rats Shearwaters Terns |
|
| |
Abstract |
The eradication of invasive mammals on islands is important for protecting seabird populations and insular ecosystems. However, the impacts of such eradications are insufficiently known because monitoring of potentially beneficiary species is often sporadic and limited. We performed a survey of all seabird species on Saint-Paul Island, southern Indian Ocean, 20 years after successful eradication of invasive black rat (Rattus rattus) and European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Using complementary sampling designs including adaptive cluster sampling, stratified random sampling and entire sampling, we estimated population changes and colonization by new seabird species. A total of 13 seabird species were found breeding on Saint-Paul post-eradication compared to six before the eradication. Among the seven species that colonized the island, five (MacGillivray’s prion Pachyptila macgillivrayi, fairy prion P. turtur, white-bellied storm petrel Fregetta grallaria, Antarctic tern Sterna vittata, sooty tern Onychoprion fuscatus) had relictual populations breeding on a nearby islet, and one (brown skua Catharacta antarctica) was a new breeding species. We also found breeding subantarctic little shearwaters Puffinus elegans. For species that were breeding on the Saint Paul pre-eradication, the mean annual population growth rate was 1.030 ± 0.093 (SE). Species known to be vulnerable to rat predation (prions, great-winged petrel Pterodroma macroptera, flesh-footed shearwater Puffinus carneipes, subantarctic little shearwater, white-bellied storm petrel, Antarctic tern) had the highest population growth rates. Two decades after the eradication of invasive mammals on a remote oceanic island, seabird populations were high beneficiaries. These findings further highlight the importance of invasive mammal eradication on islands as a conservation tool. Results are encouraging for the planned eradication of invasive mammals from nearby Amsterdam Island, and suggest this will mainly benefit terns and small burrowing petrels. |
|
| |
Programme |
109 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1617-1381 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
8459 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Piero Poli, Nikolai M. Shapiro |
|
| |
Title |
Rapid Characterization of Large Volcanic Eruptions: Measuring the Impulse of the Hunga Tonga Ha’apai Explosion From Teleseismic Waves |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
49 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e2022GL098123 |
|
| |
Keywords |
backprojection seismology source surface waves Tonga volcanology |
|
| |
Abstract |
Most of the largest volcanic activity in the world occurs in remote places such as deep oceans or poorly monitored oceanic island arcs. Thus, our capacity of monitoring volcanoes is limited to remote sensing and global geophysical observations. However, the rapid estimation of volcanic eruption parameters is needed for scientific understanding of the eruptive process and rapid hazard estimation. We present a method to rapidly identify large volcanic explosions, based on analysis of seismic data. With this methodology, we promptly detect the 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga Ha’apai eruption. We then analyze the seismic waves generated by the volcanic explosion and estimate its important first-order parameters. We further relate the parameters with the volcanic explosivity index (VEI). Our estimate of VEI ∼ 6 indicates that how the Hunga Tonga eruption is among the largest volcanic activity ever recorded with modern geophysical instrumentation and can provide new insights into the physics of large eruptions. |
|
| |
Programme |
133 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1944-8007 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
8458 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
D. Noll, F. Leon, D. Brandt, P. Pistorius, C. Le Bohec, F. Bonadonna, P. N. Trathan, A. Barbosa, A. Raya Rey, G. P. M. Dantas, R. C. K. Bowie, E. Poulin, J. A. Vianna |
|
| |
Title |
Positive selection over the mitochondrial genome and its role in the diversification of gentoo penguins in response to adaptation in isolation |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3767 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Evolution Evolutionary genetics |
|
| |
Abstract |
Although mitochondrial DNA has been widely used in phylogeography, evidence has emerged that factors such as climate, food availability, and environmental pressures that produce high levels of stress can exert a strong influence on mitochondrial genomes, to the point of promoting the persistence of certain genotypes in order to compensate for the metabolic requirements of the local environment. As recently discovered, the gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) comprise four highly divergent lineages across their distribution spanning the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. Gentoo penguins therefore represent a suitable animal model to study adaptive processes across divergent environments. Based on 62 mitogenomes that we obtained from nine locations spanning all four gentoo penguin lineages, we demonstrated lineage-specific nucleotide substitutions for various genes, but only lineage-specific amino acid replacements for the ND1 and ND5 protein-coding genes. Purifying selection (dN/dS < 1) is the main driving force in the protein-coding genes that shape the diversity of mitogenomes in gentoo penguins. Positive selection (dN/dS > 1) was mostly present in codons of the Complex I (NADH genes), supported by two different codon-based methods at the ND1 and ND4 in the most divergent lineages, the eastern gentoo penguin from Crozet and Marion Islands and the southern gentoo penguin from Antarctica respectively. Additionally, ND5 and ATP6 were under selection in the branches of the phylogeny involving all gentoo penguins except the eastern lineage. Our study suggests that local adaptation of gentoo penguins has emerged as a response to environmental variability promoting the fixation of mitochondrial haplotypes in a non-random manner. Mitogenome adaptation is thus likely to have been associated with gentoo penguin diversification across the Southern Ocean and to have promoted their survival in extreme environments such as Antarctica. Such selective processes on the mitochondrial genome may also be responsible for the discordance detected between nuclear- and mitochondrial-based phylogenies of gentoo penguin lineages. |
|
| |
Programme |
137,354 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
8457 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Nicolas J. Rawlence, Alexander T. Salis, Hamish G. Spencer, Jonathan M. Waters, Lachie Scarsbrook, Kieren J. Mitchell, Richard A. Phillips, Luciano Calderón, Timothée R. Cook, Charles-André Bost, Ludovic Dutoit, Tania M. King, Juan F. Masello, Lisa J. Nupen, Petra Quillfeldt, Norman Ratcliffe, Peter G. Ryan, Charlotte E. Till, Martyn Kennedy |
|
| |
Title |
Rapid radiation of Southern Ocean shags in response to receding sea ice |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
49 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
942-953 |
|
| |
Keywords |
biogeography climate cycles cormorant Leucocarbo Southern Ocean speciation sub-Antarctic |
|
| |
Abstract |
Aim Understanding how natural populations respond to climatic shifts is a fundamental goal of biological research in a fast-changing world. The Southern Ocean represents a fascinating system for assessing large-scale climate-driven biological change, as it contains extremely isolated island groups within a predominantly westerly, circumpolar wind and current system. Blue-eyed shags represent a paradoxical seabird radiation—a circumpolar distribution implies strong dispersal capacity yet their species-rich nature suggests local adaptation and isolation. Here we attempt to resolve this paradox in light of the history of repeated cycles of climate change in the Southern Ocean. Location Southern Ocean. Taxa 16 species and subspecies of blue-eyed shags (Phalacrocoracidae; Leucocarbo spp.). Methods We use mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data from individuals across the geographical range of the genus to conduct the first comprehensive, time-calibrated phylogenetic analyses and ancestral-range biogeographical reconstructions of the blue-eyed shags. Results The origins of many island-endemic lineages are remarkably recent, consistent with a recent high-latitude circumpolar radiation in the Pliocene or Early Pleistocene. This recent sub-Antarctic expansion contrasts with significantly deeper lineages detected in South America and, to a lesser extent, New Zealand. These regions, particularly South America, acted as glacial refugia and sources for multiple waves of post-glacial dispersal. Main conclusions The blue-eyed shag paradox is resolved, with at least two waves of dispersal, linked to interglacial cycles, explaining the current distribution and diversity. Descendants of a Pliocene or Early Pleistocene wave of dispersal out of South America survive in the New Zealand region. In contrast, taxa distributed on sub-Antarctic islands originated much later, possibly since the Last Glacial Maximum. Blue-eyed shags therefore represent a powerful model system—comprising several natural replicates—for studying the early stages of founder-event speciation and adaptation in a Southern-Ocean bird group. |
|
| |
Programme |
394 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1365-2699 |
ISBN |
1365-2699 |
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
8456 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Yanzhi Cao, Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Jihong Cole-Dai, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, Lei Geng |
|
| |
Title |
On the potential fingerprint of the Antarctic ozone hole in ice-core nitrate isotopes: a case study based on a South Pole ice core |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
22 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
13407-13422 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Column ozone variability has important implications for surface photochemistry and the climate. Ice-core nitrate isotopes are suspected to be influenced by column ozone variability and δ15N(NO) has been sought to serve as a proxy of column ozone variability. In this study, we examined the ability of ice-core nitrate isotopes to reflect column ozone variability by measuring δ15N(NO) and Δ17O(NO) in a shallow ice core drilled at the South Pole. The ice core covers the period 1944–2005, and during this period δ15N(NO) showed large annual variability ((59.2 ± 29.3) ‰ ), but with no apparent response to the Antarctic ozone hole. Utilizing a snow photochemical model, we estimated 6.9 ‰ additional enrichments in δ15N(NO) could be caused by the development of the ozone hole. Nevertheless, this enrichment is small and masked by the effects of the snow accumulation rate at the South Pole over the same period of the ozone hole. The Δ17O(NO) record has displayed a decreasing trend by ∼ 3.4 ‰ since 1976. This magnitude of change cannot be caused by enhanced post-depositional processing related to the ozone hole. Instead, the Δ17O(NO) decrease was more likely due to the proposed decreases in the O3 HOx ratio in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere. Our results suggest ice-core δ15N(NO) is more sensitive to snow accumulation rate than to column ozone, but at sites with a relatively constant snow accumulation rate, information of column ozone variability embedded in δ15N(NO) should be retrievable. |
|
| |
Programme |
1177 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1680-7316 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
8455 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Garcin N, Viblanc VA, Schull Q, Michaux D, Reichert S, Robin JP, Bize P, Stier A |
|
| |
Title |
Naturally equipped to resist stress |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
| |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Society for experimental biology annual conference. poster. actes du colloque |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Stress exposure and stress response are likely to vary according to life history strategies and environmental contexts. Although the acute release of glucocorticoids in response to unpredictable environmental conditions may lead to adaptative behavioral and physiological responses, exposure to high glucocorticoid levels on the long-term usually leads to deleterious cascading effects on animal’s physiology, behavior and fitness. Yet, some species may be more adapted to cope with challenging events than others and might naturally possess protective mechanisms limiting the adverse consequences of prolonged exposure to high glucocorticoid levels. King penguin chicks being naturally exposed to harsh weather, prolonged fasting and constant predation pressure, we investigated the life-history, behavioral and physiological consequences of an experimental increase in corticosterone levels on the medium and long-term (after removing implants), predicting to find relatively few costs associated with such treatment. Although non-significant, CORT-treated chicks were slightly larger, fledged slightly earlier and had slightly higher survival chances than placebo chicks. CORT-treated chicks were significantly more aggressive and displayed lower corticosterone response to acute stress on the medium term, while their physical activity and whole-body energetics were not significantly affected. While mitochondrial density was not significantly affected by the CORT treatment, CORT-treated chicks had lower oxidative stress levels on the long-term than placebo ones, and no significant impact was observed on telomere shortening. Finally, the expression of several genes (i.e. CORT receptor, HSP90, mTOR, NRF2 and TERF2) was up regulated in treated chicks, which could potentially mediate the apparent ‘stress’ resistance we observed at the phenotypic level. |
|
| |
Programme |
119 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
8454 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Roman Dubreucque |
|
| |
Title |
Modifications du fonctionnement écologique de systèmes aquatiques aux Iles Kerguelen. |
Type |
Master 2 |
| |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Rapport de césure entre master 1 et master 2, ens ulm (encadrement : a.-k. bittebiere) |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Programme |
136 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
8453 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Oihana Boudreau |
|
| |
Title |
Mise en place d’un catalogage des métadonnées et données environnementales et de biodiversité polaire |
Type |
Master 1 |
| |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Rapport de stage de master 1, université de rennes 1 (encadrement : d. renault, r. georges) |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Programme |
136 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
8452 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
