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Author |
Ronan Autret, David Didier, Serge Suanez, Pierre Stéphan, Jérôme Ammann, Jérémy Baudry, Björn Erlingsson, Sigurður Sigurðarson |
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Title |
Cliff-top boulder morphodynamics on the high–energy volcanic rocky coast of the Reykjanes Peninsula (SW Iceland) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Marine Geology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
456 |
Issue |
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Pages |
106984 |
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Keywords |
Basaltic coast Boulder Cliff-top Iceland Storm Survey |
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Abstract |
Cliff-top boulder deposits (CBDs) are morphological indicators of high-energy conditions. Since 2014, a monitoring of CBDs dynamics has been undertaken on the south-western coast of Iceland (Reykjanes Peninsula) to monitor their long-term activation (quarrying, transport and deposition) as a proxy of the inter-annual winter storminess variations and basaltic cliff erosion processes in a context of rocky coast progradation. Annual topomorphological surveys of four study sites were conducted and Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry was performed to quantify CBDs displacements. Hydrodynamic conditions were analyzed based on offshore waves and water level. Results show that CBDs activation occurs every winter, regardless of the variability of hydrodynamic conditions. Depending on the site and the year, >2% and 17% of the CBDs accumulated above 8 m to 10 m asl at the top of the cliffs are regularly mobilized. While inland movements represent the main mode of transport of blocks (between 50% to 60%), seaward and longshore movements are also well represented (10% to 20%). Longshore displacement is favored by the wide tabular morpho-structural setting of the wave-scour cliff-top platforms, which is explained by the structure of pāhoehoe lava flows. The activation of CBDs –measured from the volumes of displaced boulders–, shows a good correspondence with the frequency and duration of storms. However, as was the case during the winter of 2018–2019, it was rather the intensity of two highly morphogenic episodes combining storm waves and especially very high spring tide water levels, that generated the largest boulders displacements. Substantial interannual activation of the CBDs confirms that they constitute an important and still understudied proxy of the morphogenic system of high-energy rocky coasts, whose the dynamic in terms of carrying, transport, and deposition, could significantly increase with rising sea level. |
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1216 |
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0025-3227 |
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yes |
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8481 |
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P Moulik, V Lekic, B Romanowicz, Z Ma, A Schaeffer, T Ho, E Beucler, E Debayle, A Deuss, S Durand, G Ekström, S Lebedev, G Masters, K Priestley, J Ritsema, K Sigloch, J Trampert, A M Dziewonski |
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Title |
Global reference seismological data sets: multimode surface wave dispersion |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
228 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1808-1849 |
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Abstract |
Global variations in the propagation of fundamental-mode and overtone surface waves provide unique constraints on the low-frequency source properties and structure of the Earth’s upper mantle, transition zone and mid mantle. We construct a reference data set of multimode dispersion measurements by reconciling large and diverse catalogues of Love-wave (49.65 million) and Rayleigh-wave dispersion (177.66 million) from eight groups worldwide. The reference data set summarizes measurements of dispersion of fundamental-mode surface waves and up to six overtone branches from 44 871 earthquakes recorded on 12 222 globally distributed seismographic stations. Dispersion curves are specified at a set of reference periods between 25 and 250 s to determine propagation-phase anomalies with respect to a reference Earth model. Our procedures for reconciling data sets include: (1) controlling quality and salvaging missing metadata; (2) identifying discrepant measurements and reasons for discrepancies; (3) equalizing geographic coverage by constructing summary rays for travel-time observations and (4) constructing phase velocity maps at various wavelengths with combination of data types to evaluate inter-dataset consistency. We retrieved missing station and earthquake metadata in several legacy compilations and codified scalable formats to facilitate reproducibility, easy storage and fast input/output on high-performance-computing systems. Outliers can be attributed to cycle skipping, station polarity issues or overtone interference at specific epicentral distances. By assessing inter-dataset consistency across similar paths, we empirically quantified uncertainties in traveltime measurements. More than 95 per cent measurements of fundamental-mode dispersion are internally consistent, but agreement deteriorates for overtones especially branches 5 and 6. Systematic discrepancies between raw phase anomalies from various techniques can be attributed to discrepant theoretical approximations, reference Earth models and processing schemes. Phase-velocity variations yielded by the inversion of the summary data set are highly correlated (R ≥ 0.8) with those from the quality-controlled contributing data sets. Long-wavelength variations in fundamental-mode dispersion (50–100 s) are largely independent of the measurement technique with high correlations extending up to degree ∼25. Agreement degrades with increasing branch number and period; highly correlated structure is found only up to degree ∼10 at longer periods (T > 150 s) and up to degree ∼8 for overtones. Only 2ζ azimuthal variations in phase velocity of fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves were required by the reference data set; maps of 2ζ azimuthal variations are highly consistent between catalogues ( R = 0.6–0.8). Reference data with uncertainties are useful for improving existing measurement techniques, validating models of interior structure, calculating teleseismic data corrections in local or multiscale investigations and developing a 3-D reference Earth model. |
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133 |
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0956-540X |
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yes |
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8480 |
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Natasja Krog Noer, Mathias Hamann Sørensen, Hervé Colinet, David Renault, Simon Bahrndorff, Torsten Nygaard Kristensen |
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Title |
Rapid Adjustments in Thermal Tolerance and the Metabolome to Daily Environmental Changes – A Field Study on the Arctic Seed Bug Nysius groenlandicus |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Frontiers in physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
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Pages |
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Abstract |
Laboratory investigations on terrestrial model-species, typically of temperate origin, have demonstrated that terrestrial ectotherms can cope with daily temperature variations through rapid hardening responses. However, few studies have investigated this ability and its physiological basis in the field. Especially in polar regions, where the temporal and spatial temperature variations can be extreme, are hardening responses expected to be important. Here, we examined diurnal adjustments in heat and cold tolerance in the Greenlandic seed bug Nysius groenlandicus by collecting individuals for thermal assessment at different time points within and across days. We found a significant correlation between observed heat or cold tolerance and the ambient microhabitat temperatures at the time of capture, indicating that N. groenlandicus continuously and within short time-windows respond physiologically to thermal changes and/or other environmental variables in their microhabitats. Secondly, we assessed underlying metabolomic fingerprints using GC-MS metabolomics in a subset of individuals collected during days with either low or high temperature variation. Concentrations of metabolites, including sugars, polyols, and free amino acids varied significantly with time of collection. For instance, we detected elevated sugar levels in animals caught at the lowest daily field temperatures. Polyol concentrations were lower in individuals collected in the morning and evening and higher at midday and afternoon, possibly reflecting changes in temperature. Additionally, changes in concentrations of metabolites associated with energetic metabolism were observed across collection times. Our findings suggest that in these extreme polar environments hardening responses are marked and likely play a crucial role for coping with microhabitat temperature variation on a daily scale, and that metabolite levels are actively altered on a daily basis. |
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136 |
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1664-042X |
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yes |
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8479 |
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Téchiné P., L. Testut, M. Calzas, A. Guillot, C. Drezen, C. Brachet, L. Fichen, T. Donal, V. Kérébel. |
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Title |
Réseau d’Observation Subantarctique et Antarctique du niveau de la MEr |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
18émes journées scientifiques du CNFRA, 11-12 mai 2022, Toulouse, France |
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688 |
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yes |
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8478 |
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Lewden, A, Ward, C, Avril, S, Abolivier, L, Gérard, C, Hammer, Tl, Robin, J-p, Viblanc, Va, Bize, P, And Stier, A. |
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Title |
Surface temperatures are influenced by handling stress independently of glucocorticoid levels in wild king penguins. |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
18émes journées scientifiques du CNFRA, 11-12 mai 2022, Toulouse, France |
Abbreviated Journal |
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119 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8477 |
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Author |
Rune Dietz, Christian Sonne, Niladri Basu, Birgit Braune, Todd O'Hara, Robert J. Letcher, Tony Scheuhammer, Magnus Andersen, Claus Andreasen, Dennis Andriashek, Gert Asmund, Aurore Aubail, Hans Baagøe, Erik W. Born, Hing M. Chan, Andrew E. Derocher, Philippe Grandjean, Katrina Knott, Maja Kirkegaard, Anke Krey, Nick Lunn, Francoise Messier, Marty Obbard, Morten T. Olsen, Sonja Ostertag, Elizabeth Peacock, Aristeo Renzoni, Frank F. Rigét, Janneche Utne Skaare, Gary Stern, Ian Stirling, Mitch Taylor, Øystein Wiig, Simon Wilson, Jon Aars |
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Title |
What are the toxicological effects of mercury in Arctic biota? |
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Journal |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
443 |
Issue |
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Pages |
775-790 |
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Keywords |
Birds Exposure Fish Heavy metals Mammals Threshold levels |
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Abstract |
This review critically evaluates the available mercury (Hg) data in Arctic marine biota and the Inuit population against toxicity threshold values. In particular marine top predators exhibit concentrations of mercury in their tissues and organs that are believed to exceed thresholds for biological effects. Species whose concentrations exceed threshold values include the polar bears (Ursus maritimus), beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), pilot whale (Globicephala melas), hooded seal (Cystophora cristata), a few seabird species, and landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Toothed whales appear to be one of the most vulnerable groups, with high concentrations of mercury recorded in brain tissue with associated signs of neurochemical effects. Evidence of increasing concentrations in mercury in some biota in Arctic Canada and Greenland is therefore a concern with respect to ecosystem health. |
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0 |
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ISSN |
0048-9697 |
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yes |
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8476 |
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Dietz R., Letcher R.J., Ackerman, J.T. Barst B.D., Basu N., Chastel O., Chételat J., Dastnau S., Desforges J.P., Eagles-Smith C.A., Eulaers I., Fort J., Nabe-Nielsen J., Sonne C.., Wilson S. |
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Title |
What are the toxicological effects of mercury in Arctic biota? |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Amap assessment 2021: mercury in the arctic. arctic monitoring and assessment programme (amap), tromsø, norway |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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330 |
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ISBN |
978-82-7971-068-4 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8475 |
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Author |
Baptiste Le Bourg, Thomas Saucède, Anouk Charpentier, Gilles Lepoint, Loïc N. Michel |
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Title |
What is the menu today in a subantarctic kelp food web from the Kerguelen Islands? Phytodetritus, phytoplankton and phytobenthos; not living kelp |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Marine Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
169 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
118 |
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Keywords |
Benthic communities Food web Kelp forests Mixing models Stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
Kelp forests dominated by Macrocystis pyrifera are widely distributed in coastal waters from boreal, temperate and subantarctic regions. This widespread distribution may result in regional differences in food web structure and functioning. In temperate northern regions, where most studies on kelp forest benthic food webs have been conducted, kelp grazing is a well-documented phenomenon and can lead to the overgrazing of M. pyrifera by sea urchins when their predators (e.g., sea otters) are absent. In contrast, little is known about their counterparts in subantarctic areas. The present study aimed to reconstruct the benthic food web of a kelp forest dominated by M. pyrifera in a subantarctic environment using stable isotope analysis. Stable carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N) and sulfur (δ34S) isotope ratios were measured from food sources (macrophytobenthos, suspended particulate organic matter SPOM, and sediment) and consumers (sponges, bivalves, gastropods, sedentary and mobile polychaetes, arthropods and echinoderms) which were sampled in a kelp forest of the Kerguelen archipelago. Mixing models highlighted two interconnected trophic pathways which were either supported by SPOM and resuspended macrophytobenthos detritus (bentho-pelagic), or by live micro/macrophytobenthos (phytobenthos-based). No major prey were highlighted for several consumers, indicating the existence of potential supplementary trophic pathways. No consumer relying primarily on living M. pyrifera was highlighted by the mixing models. The investigated kelp forest is hence a complex ecosystem supporting multiple trophic pathways, and direct consumption of M. pyrifera is limited. Nonetheless, M. pyrifera and other macrophytobenthos species may constitute a pool of detritus supporting several trophic pathways. |
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1044 |
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ISSN |
1432-1793 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8474 |
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Author |
Manfred R. Enstipp, Charles-André Bost, Céline Le Bohec, Nicolas Chatelain, Henri Weimerskirch, Yves Handrich |
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Title |
The early life of king penguins: ontogeny of dive capacity and foraging behaviour in an expert diver |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
224 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
jeb242512 |
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Keywords |
Animals Behavior, Animal Bio-logging Diving Feeding Behavior Foraging proficiency Ontogeny Seabirds Spheniscidae Temperature Wiggles |
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Abstract |
The period of emancipation in seabirds, when juveniles change from a terrestrial existence to a life at sea, is associated with many challenges. Apart from finding favourable foraging sites, they have to develop effective prey search patterns and physiological capacities that enable them to capture sufficient prey to meet their energetic needs. Animals that dive to forage, such as king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), need to acquire an adequate breath-hold capacity, allowing them to locate and capture prey at depth. To investigate the ontogeny of their dive capacity and foraging performance, we implanted juvenile king penguins before their first departure to sea and also adult breeders with a data-logger recording pressure and temperature. We found that juvenile king penguins possess a remarkable dive capacity when leaving their natal colony, enabling them to conduct dives in excess of 100 m within their first week at sea. Despite this, juvenile dive/foraging performance, investigated in relation to dive depth, remained below the adult level throughout their first year at sea, probably reflecting physiological limitations as a result of incomplete maturation. A significantly shallower foraging depth of juveniles, particularly during their first 5 months at sea, could also indicate differences in foraging strategy and targeted prey. The initially greater wiggle rate suggests that juveniles fed opportunistically and also targeted different prey from adults and/or that many of the wiggles of juveniles reflect unsuccessful prey-capture attempts, indicating a lower foraging proficiency. After 5 months, this difference disappeared, suggesting sufficient physical maturation and improvement of juvenile foraging skills. |
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137,394 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1477-9145 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8473 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Maurice Hullé, Philippe Vernon |
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Title |
Terrestrial macro-arthropods of the sub-Antarctic islands of Possession (Crozet Archipelago) and Kerguelen: inventory of native and non-native species |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Zoosystema |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
549-561 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean harbor biogeographically peculiar biotas which are under threat from climate change, biological invasions and their interactions. Understanding both the indigenous and changing non-indigenous components of these islands is essential for the conservation and management of their biotas. Based on several years of systematic sampling, we present an updated list of terrestrial, free-living macro-invertebrates (insects and spiders) present on the islands of Possession (Crozet Archipelago) and Kerguelen. Ninety-four species were recorded in total on both islands. Forty-one are strictly endemic to one of the two islands, 16 are endemic to the South Indian Ocean Province, and only three were recorded on other sub-Antarctic islands. Beetles and more particularly weevils are the most characteristic group of the fauna of these islands: they include 35 species of which 89% are native and 66% are endemic. One third of the species (30 of 94) are non-indigenous species now naturalized. We discuss these results in terms of biogeography, ecological disharmony and impact of biological invasions. |
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136 |
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ISSN |
1280-9551, 1638-9387 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8472 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
