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Title |
Evolutionary Genetics of Borrelia |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Current issues in molecular biology |
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Volume |
42 |
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97-112 |
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Abstract |
The genus Borrelia consists of evolutionarily and genetically diverse bacterial species that cause a variety of diseases in humans and domestic animals. These vector-borne spirochetes can be classified into two major evolutionary groups, the Lyme borreliosis clade and the relapsing fever clade, both of which have complex transmission cycles during which they interact with multiple host species and arthropod vectors. Molecular, ecological, and evolutionary studies have each provided significant contributions towards our understanding of the natural history, biology and evolutionary genetics of Borrelia species; however, integration of these studies is required to identify the evolutionary causes and consequences of the genetic variation within and among Borrelia species. For example, molecular and genetic studies have identified the adaptations that maximize fitness components throughout the Borrelia lifecycle and enhance transmission efficacy but provide limited insights into the evolutionary pressures that have produced them. Ecological studies can identify interactions between Borrelia species and the vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors they encounter and the resulting impact on the geographic distribution and abundance of spirochetes but not the genetic or molecular basis underlying these interactions. In this review we discuss recent findings on the evolutionary genetics from both of the evolutionarily distinct clades of Borrelia species. We focus on connecting molecular interactions to the ecological processes that have driven the evolution and diversification of Borrelia species in order to understand the current distribution of genetic and molecular variation within and between Borrelia species. |
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333 |
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1467-3037 |
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yes |
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8521 |
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Najat Bhiry, Dominique Marguerie, Tommy Weetaluktuk, Myosotis Desroches Bourgon, David Aoustin, Pierre M. Desrosiers, Dominique Todisco |
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Title |
Dorset and Thule Inuit occupations of Qikirtajuaq (Smith Island), Nunavik, Canada: a palaeoecological approach |
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Journal |
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2021 |
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Boreas |
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Pages |
826-843 |
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Qikirtajuaq is a long island facing the Inuit village of Akulivik on the northeastern coast of Hudson Bay (Canada) that is rich in archaeological sites. Kangiakallak-1 (JeGn-2), one of the main sites on this island, is a large multicomponent site that includes Dorset and Thule Inuit winter houses. This study documents the dynamics of palaeoenvironmental conditions in the successive occupations of the Kangiakallak-1 settlement based on plant macrofossils, pollen and non-pollen palynomorph analyses and archaeological research. The data indicate that Dorset inhabitants constructed their dwelling at about 772 cal. a BP. The site was reused by the Thule Inuit a few decades later, starting at about 671 cal. a BP. Thus, Kangiakallak-1 is one of the few sites, at least in Nunavik (northern Quebec, Canada), that were rapidly reoccupied by the Thule Inuit after the departure of the Dorset inhabitants, which indicates a possible overlap between the two cultures in the Akulivik region. The palaeoecological data show that both Dorset and Thule inhabitants left clear footprints at the local scale in the form of several nitrophilous species that became established in and near the houses and persisted over a long period. The deposition of domestic waste (including bone fragments, skin, burnt fat and charcoal fragments) inside the subterranean dwellings fertilized the soil and led to the growth of unique nitrophilous plants. These changes transformed the houses into exceptional floristic refuges. |
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1080 |
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0300-9483 |
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yes |
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8520 |
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Author |
Chevallier, F. |
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Title |
Documentation of the CO2 flux service: Description of the CO2 inversion production chain 2019 |
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2019 |
Publication |
Cams |
Abbreviated Journal |
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416 |
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yes |
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8519 |
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Author |
Lavrillier, A., L. Egorova, S. Gabyshev |
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Title |
Der Klimawandel aus Sicht der Wissenschaft der sibirischen indigenen Bevölkerung (Evenken) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
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In E. Kasten Mensch und Natur in Sibirien: Umweltw |
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121-161 |
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a chapter in a peer-reviewed edited volume volume |
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1127 |
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978-3-942883-74-0 |
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yes |
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8518 |
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Author |
L. Marelle, J.-C. Raut, K. S. Law, O. Duclaux |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
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123 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
12,942-12,963 |
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Keywords |
Arctic ozone aerosols gas flaring regional modeling shipping |
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Abstract |
The Arctic is influenced by air pollution transported from lower latitudes, and increasingly by local sources such as shipping and resource extraction. Local Arctic emissions could increase significantly in the future due to industrialization in a warming Arctic and further influence Arctic climate. We use the regional model Weather Research and Forecasting, including chemistry, to investigate current (2012) and future (2050) sources of Arctic aerosol and ozone pollution and their radiative impacts, focusing on spring and summer emissions from midlatitude anthropogenic sources, biomass burning, Arctic shipping, and Arctic gas flaring. Results show that remote anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions are likely to remain the main source of Arctic pollution burdens and of black carbon (BC) deposition over snow, and the main contributors to direct aerosol and ozone radiative effects in the Arctic. However, local Arctic flaring emissions are already a major source of BC in northwestern Russia, with a direct radiative effect of ?25 mW/m2, and Arctic shipping is a strong current source of aerosols and ozone during summer in the Nordic Seas. We find that the direct effect of ozone and aerosols from summertime Arctic shipping is respectively negative (due to frequent temperature inversions) and positive (because of the high surface albedo) in our simulations, two new results. With the development of diversion shipping through the Arctic Ocean in summer 2050, Arctic shipping emissions could become the main source of surface aerosol and ozone pollution at the surface, with strong associated indirect effects of ?0.8 W/m2, while flaring would remain an important BC source. |
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1127 |
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2169-8996 |
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yes |
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8517 |
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Author |
Guillaume Hubert |
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Title |
Continuously Measurements of Energy Spectra of Cosmic-Ray-induced-neutrons on the Concordia Antarctic Station for the period 2015-2021 |
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2021 |
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395 |
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1263 |
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The CHINSTRAP (Continuous High-altitude Investigation of the Neutron Spectra for Terrestrial Radiation Antarctic Project) supported by the French Polar Agency (IPEV) aims at recording cosmic-ray (CR) induced-neutron spectra at the Concordia station since December 2015. The neutron spectrometer measures the neutron spectrum over a wide energy range from meV up to tens of GeV with a short time resolution. Several parameters can influence the measurement, including systematic and environmental effects such as the atmospheric pressure, the hydrometric environment close to the instrument and the atmospheric water vapor. This paper presents CR induced neutrons measurements analyses from 2015 to 2021 in Concordia, integrating corrections to take into account environmental and systematic effects. Long-term and short-term analyses are proposed, applied to count rate, fluxes and spectra. A last part investigates the contribution of modelling to data analyses and the ability to deduce the solar modulation from neutron spectra and the radiation field extrapolation using nuclear transport in atmosphere. An underlying objective is also to improve physical models allowing analyses of continuous and simultaneously measurements of CR induced neutrons spectra. |
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1112 |
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yes |
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8516 |
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Author |
Valentin Santanbien |
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Title |
Comparaison de trajectoires de croissance entre deux populations de truites de Kerguelen |
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Master 2 |
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2019 |
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1041 |
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yes |
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8515 |
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Author |
Gauthier Magne |
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Comparaison de trajectoires de croissance entre deux populations de truites de Kerguelen |
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Master 1 |
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2018 |
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1041 |
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8514 |
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Albertin, S., Savarino, J., Bekki, S., T. Roberts, T., Barret, B., Mao, J., Simpson, W., Law, K. |
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Title |
Isotopic constraints on the sources and fate of atmospheric nitrate in Fairbanks, Alaska: preliminary results of the pre-ALPACA campaign |
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Communication |
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2021 |
Publication |
Paces meeting, may 2021 |
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1215 |
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yes |
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8513 |
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Damien Ketcherside, Vanessa Selimovic, Lu Hu, Robert J. Yokelson, Ellis Robinson, Peter F. DeCarlo, Andrew Holen, Judy Wu, Kerri Pratt, Karolina Cysneiros de Carvalho, Brent J. Williams, Meeta Cesler-Maloney, Jingqiu Mao, William R. Simpson, Brice Temime Roussel, Barbara D'Anna |
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Title |
Wintertime Sources and Sinks of Volatile Organic Compounds in Fairbanks, Alaska |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2022 |
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AGU Fall Meeting 2022 |
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Air pollution in urban valleys has resulted in many being classified as non-att... |
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1215 |
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yes |
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8512 |
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