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Author Kenta Ohara, Yuji Yagi, Shinji Yamashita, Ryo Okuwaki, Shiro Hirano, Yukitoshi Fukahata doi  openurl
  Title Complex evolution of the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake revealed by teleseismic body waves Type Journal
  Year 2023 Publication Progress in Earth and Planetary Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 35  
  Keywords Body waves Earthquake dynamics Earthquake source observation Waveform inversion  
  Abstract The 2016 Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand, ruptured more than a dozen faults, making it difficult to prescribe a model fault for analyzing the event by inversion. To model this earthquake from teleseismic records, we used a potency density tensor inversion, which projects multiple fault slips onto a single model fault plane, reducing the non-uniqueness due to the uncertainty in selecting the faults’ orientations. The resulting distribution of potency-rate density tensors is consistent with observed surface ruptures. In its initial stage, the rupture propagated northeastward primarily at shallow depths. Later, the rupture propagated northeastward at greater depths beneath a gap in reported surface ruptures. The main rupture phase started in the northeastern part of the Kekerengu fault after 50 s and propagated bilaterally to the northeast and southwest. The non-double-couple component grew to a large fraction of the source elements as the rupture went through the junction of the Jordan Thrust and the Papatea fault, which suggests that the rupture branched into both faults as it back-propagated toward the southwest. The potency density tensor inversion sheds new light on the irregular evolution of this earthquake, which produced a fault rupture pattern of unprecedented complexity. Our source model of the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake (e.g., back-rupture propagation) could prompt research to determine a more realistic model with segmented faults using near-field data.  
  Programme 133  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2197-4284 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8531  
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Author Federico Scoto, Gianluca Pappaccogli, Mauro Mazzola, Antonio Donateo, Roberto Salzano, Matteo Monzali, Fabrizio de Blasi, Catherine Larose, Jean-Charles Gallet, Stefano Decesari, Andrea Spolaor openurl 
  Title Automated observation of physical snowpack properties in Ny-Ålesund Type Journal
  Year 2023 Publication Frontiers in Earth Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The snow season in the Svalbard archipelago generally lasts 6–10 months a year and significantly impacts the regional climate, glaciers mass balance, permafrost thermal regime and ecology. Due to the lack of long-term continuous snowpack physical data, it is still challenging for the numerical snow physics models to simulate multi-layer snowpack evolution, especially for remote Arctic areas. To fill this gap, in November 2020, an automated nivometric station (ANS) was installed ∼1 km Southwest from the settlement of Ny-Ålesund (Spitzbergen, Svalbard), in a flat area over the lowland tundra. It automatically provides continuous snow data, including NIR images of the fractional snow-cover area (fSCA), snow depth (SD), internal snow temperature and liquid water content (LWC) profiles at different depths with a 10 min time resolution. Here we present the first-year record of automatic snow preliminary measurements collected between November 2020 and July 2021 together with weekly manual observations for comparison. The snow season at the ANS site lasted for 225 days with an annual net accumulation of 117 cm (392 mm of water equivalent). The LWC in the snowpack was generally low (<4%) during wintertime, nevertheless, we observed three snow-melting events between November and February 2021 and one in June 2021, connected with positive temperature and rain on snow events (ROS). In view of the foreseen future developments, the ANS is the first automated, comprehensive snowpack monitoring system in Ny-Ålesund measuring key essential climate variables needed to understand the seasonal evolution of the snow cover on land.  
  Programme 1192  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2296-6463 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8530  
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Author Henri Weimerskirch, Alexandre Corbeau, Adrien Pajot, Samantha C. Patrick, Julien Collet doi  openurl
  Title Albatrosses develop attraction to fishing vessels during immaturity but avoid them at old age Type Journal
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 290 Issue 1990 Pages 20222252  
  Keywords albatross attraction conservation learning process personality vessels  
  Abstract Animals have to develop novel behaviours to adapt to anthropogenic activities or environmental changes. Fishing vessels constitute a recent feature that attracts albatrosses in large numbers. While they provide a valuable food source through offal and bait, they cause mortalities through bycatch, such that selection on vessel attraction will depend on the cost–benefit balance. We examine whether attraction to fishing and other vessels changes through the lifetime of great albatrosses, and show that attraction differed between age classes, sexes and personality. Juveniles encountered fewer vessels than adults, but also showed a lower attraction to vessels when encountered. Attraction rates, especially for fishing vessels, increased through immaturity to peak during adulthood, decreasing with old age. Shy females had lower attraction to vessels and shy males remained at vessels longer, suggesting that bolder individuals may outcompete shyer ones, with positive consequences for mass gain. These results suggest that attraction to vessels is a learned process, leading to an increase with age, and is not the result of preferential attraction to new objects by juveniles. Overall, our findings have important conservation implications as a result of potential strong differential selection on the risk of bycatch for age classes, personality types, populations and species.  
  Programme 109  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8529  
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Author Pepen Supendi, Nicholas Rawlinson, Bambang Setiyo Prayitno, Dimas Sianipar, Andrean Simanjuntak, Sri Widiyantoro, Kadek Hendrawan Palgunadi, Andri Kurniawan, Hasbi Ash Shiddiqi, Andri Dian Nugraha, David P. Sahara, Daryono Daryono, Rahmat Triyono, Suko Prayitno Adi, Dwikorita Karnawati, Gatut Daniarsyad, Suaidi Ahadi, Iman Fatchurochman, Suci Dewi Anugrah, Nova Heryandoko, Ajat Sudrajat doi  openurl
  Title A previously unidentified fault revealed by the February 25, 2022 (Mw 6.1) Pasaman Earthquake, West Sumatra, Indonesia Type Journal
  Year 2023 Publication Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 334 Issue Pages 106973  
  Keywords Earthquake Focal mechanism Kajai Fault Relocation Rupture Stress-change  
  Abstract A destructive earthquake (Mw 6.1) struck Pasaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia, on 25 February 2022, resulting in at least 18 deaths and damage to 1765 buildings. Our relocated foreshock, mainshock, and aftershocks and their source mechanisms reveal a previously unknown ∼20 km long segment of the Sumatran Fault as a result of dextral strike-slip motion (strike N132oE and dip 72oSW) along what we have called the Kajai Fault. The inverted rupture model indicates a single, compact asperity with an approximate depth range of 2–11 km. This asperity extends ∼14 km along strike, and ∼9 km in the down-dip direction. The Coulomb stress change of the mainshock shows that areas to the north and south experienced an increase in stress, which is consistent with the observed aftershock pattern. The nearby Great Sumatran Fault segments (Angkola and Sumpur) experienced a significant increase in stress without any accompanying aftershocks, which likely increases the risk of them rupturing in the future.  
  Programme 133  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0031-9201 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8528  
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Author Chuxian Li, Maxime Enrico, Oliver Magand, Beatriz F. Araujo, Gaël Le Roux, Stefan Osterwalder, Aurélien Dommergue, Yann Bertrand, Jérôme Brioude, François De Vleeschouwer, Jeroen E. Sonke doi  openurl
  Title A peat core Hg stable isotope reconstruction of Holocene atmospheric Hg deposition at Amsterdam Island (37.8oS) Type Journal
  Year 2023 Publication Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 341 Issue Pages 62-74  
  Keywords Hg deposition Hg stable isotopes Peat Rain Southern Hemisphere  
  Abstract Mercury (Hg) stable isotopes have been broadly used to investigate the sources, transformation and deposition of atmospheric Hg during the industrial era thanks to the multiple isotope signatures deriving from mass-dependent (represented by δ202Hg) and mass-independent fractionation (represented by ΔxxxHg) in the environment. Less is known about the impact of past climate change on atmospheric Hg deposition and cycling, and whether Hg isotopes covary with past climate. Here, we investigate Hg concentration and Hg isotope signatures in a 6600-year-old ombrotrophic peat record from Amsterdam Island (AMS, 37.8oS), and in modern AMS rainfall and gaseous elemental Hg (Hg0) samples. Results show that Holocene atmospheric Hg deposition and plant Hg uptake covary with dust deposition, and are both lower under a high humidity regime associated with enhanced Southern Westerly Winds. Modern AMS gaseous Hg0 and rainfall HgII isotope signatures are similar to those in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Holocene peat Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg are significantly correlated (R2 = 0.67, P < 0.001, n = 58), consistently oscillating between the modern Hg0 and rainfall HgII end-members. Peat Δ200Hg and Δ199Hg provide evidence of plant uptake of Hg0 as the dominant pathway of Hg deposition to AMS peatland, with some exceptions during humid periods. In contrast to NH archives generally documenting a modern increase in Δ199Hg, recent peat layers (post-1900CE) from AMS show the lowest Δ199Hg in the peat profile (−0.42 ± 0.27 ‰, 1σ, n = 8). This likely reflects a significant change in the post-depositional process on deposited anthropogenic Hg in 20th century (i.e. dark abiotic reduction), enabling more negative Δ199Hg to be observed in AMS peat. We further find that the oscillations of Hg isotopes are consistent with established Holocene climate variability from dust proxies. We suggest peat Hg isotope records might be a valid rainfall indicator.  
  Programme 1028  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0016-7037 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8527  
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Author Téchiné P., L. Testut, G. Woppelmann, M. Gravelle, M. Guichard, V. Kérébel, E. Pouteau, T. Donal, S. Enet, C. Fraboul, R. Lhullier, N. Pouvreau, A. Guilot, C. Brachet, M. Calzas, C. Drezen, L. Fichen. openurl 
  Title SNO SONEL (Service d’Observation du Niveau des Eaux Littorales) Type Peer-reviewed symposium
  Year 2022 Publication Journée des sno omp, toulouse, 5 juillet 2022 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract  
  Programme 688  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8526  
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Author Eugénie Tessier openurl 
  Title Stratégies de recherche alimentaire et distribution des proies : le cas des oiseaux plongeurs à respiration aérienne en milieu océanique Type Thesis
  Year 2019 Publication Thèse de doctorat en Biologie de l'environnement, des populations, écologie Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Acoustique active Active acoustic Behaviour ecology Distribution des proies Écologie comportementale Foraging Manchots Manchots (oiseaux) -- Austral, Océan Océan austral Oiseaux prédateurs -- Alimentation -- Austral, Océan Oiseaux prédateurs -- Distribution géographique -- Austral, Océan Penguins Prey distribution Recherche alimentaire Southern Ocean  
  Abstract En milieu océanique, la ressource est distribuée de façon hétérogène. De ce fait, les proies sont souvent regroupées en bancs (« patchs »). En 2014, le projet MyctO-3D-Map a permis de récolter au large de Kerguelen (Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises) des données simultanément sur la distribution des proies en milieu pélagique et sur le comportement de plongée de prédateurs marins. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’évaluer les stratégies de recherche alimentaire d’oiseaux plongeurs (manchots) en fonction de la distribution de leurs proies. À l’échelle de la plongée, les manchots royaux, Aptenodytes patagonicus, et les gorfous macaronis, Eudyptes chrysolophus, ajustent leur comportement en fonction de leur succès alimentaire lors de la plongée précédente. Lorsqu’ils rencontrent une zone favorable les manchots ont tendance à diminuer leur temps de surface et replonger à la même profondeur. Les manchots, comme de nombreux autres prédateurs plongeurs, effectuent des séquences de plongées répétées appelées « bouts ». Pendant les séries de prey capture attempt bouts (PCA bouts), où ces prédateurs réalisent des plongées successives de tentative de captures de proies, les gorfous macaroni et les manchots royaux modifient leur comportement de plongée en fonction de la longueur de la séquence. Plus la séquence est longue, plus l’activité de prospection est importante et plus les phases descendantes et ascendantes sont rapides. De plus, la densité de PCA bouts était similaire à la densité de patchs de poissons par km. Ces résultats suggèrent que l’unité de prospection alimentaire pour les manchots royaux serait le PCA bout. À l’échelle de la zone entière prospectée par les manchots royaux, ces prédateurs se dirigent vers une zone moins riche en biomasse mais où les patchs de poissons sont plus accessibles. Cette étude est l’une des rares ayant pu comparer des données acoustiques récoltées de façon simultanée aux données de recherche alimentaires chez des manchots pistés en mer. La distribution des patchs de poissons et plus encore leur accessibilité est donc un élément clé influençant le comportement de prospection alimentaire des prédateurs plongeurs, que ce soit à plus ou moins fine échelle.  
  Programme 394  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8525  
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Author Simon Thomas, Pierre-Louis Blelly, Aurelie Marchaudon, Julian Eisenbeis, Samuel Bird openurl 
  Title Simulating the Response of the Ionosphere in IPIM to Extreme Space Weather Type Communication
  Year 2021 Publication AGU Fall Meeting 2021, 13-17 December 2021, New Orleans, USA Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2021 Issue Pages SM45C-2291  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The IRAP Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model (IPIM) is an ionospheric model which describes the transport equations of ionospheric plasma species along magnetic closed field lines. As input, the previous iteration of IPIM used basic models to provide estimations of the solar wind conditions, convection, and precipitation within the ionosphere. In this presentation, we discuss the development of a new operational version of IPIM as part of the EUHFORIA project to monitor and forecast space weather conditions and hazards. The developments of the model include using in-situ solar wind observations from the OMNI data set, ionospheric radar data of plasma motions from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), and precipitation data from the Ovation model, as inputs to the model. A new conductivity module for low latitudes has also been developed for help in the simulation of geomagnetically induced currents. We present the first results from the latest IPIM version which explore the ionosphere's response to different solar wind conditions, before focussing on an extreme coronal mass ejection on 14th July 2012 with clear magnetic cloud and southward magnetic field. For this event, we explore simulations of important plasma properties of the ionosphere and compare with previous model iterations and all available observations and hence describe the skill of using IPIM as a space weather forecasting tool.  
  Programme 312  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8524  
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Author Najat Bhiry, Pierre Derosiers, Dominique Todisco, Dominique Mmarguerie openurl 
  Title Paleoecology and geoarchaeology of Cape Smith, Nunavik, Canada Type Communication
  Year 2018 Publication 20th EGU General Assembly, EGU2018, Proceedings from the conference held 4-13 April, 2018 in Vienna, Austria Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 10744  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Cape Smith is an island near Akulivik, located on the northeastern coast of Hudson Bay (Canada). The Kangiakallak site (JeGn-2) is a large and mixed Palaeoeskimo and Thule/Inuit archaeological site located in a valley in the northeastern part of Cape Smith. The Dorset occupants built shallow semi-subterranean houses here on a plateau at the top of the valley. Later, the Thule/Inuit inhabitants constructed much deeper semi-subterranean sod houses (qarmait) on the edge of the beach ridges. The evidence shows that study region was a significant site for winter camps, likely because of its proximity to the partial polynya situated between the island and the mainland. The Kangiakallak site was among the first sites excavated by southern scientists in the 1940's and 1950's (Manning 1951) Our multidisciplinary research team conducted from 2011 excavations to answer some of the questions posed by the local Akulivik residents. The success of this project is largely due to community involvement and it shows the value of community-based research. The combination of paleoecological, paleogeographical and geoarchaeology data with archaeological and historical data made it possible to document the evolution of paleoenvironments and the habitability of the northeastern of Cape Smith, as well as the interactions between humans (Dorset, Thule/Inuit) and the environment in the context of climate change. In this presentation, we will provide a summary of the data from this interdisciplinary research.  
  Programme 1080  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8523  
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Author Lavrillier, A., L. Egorova, S. Gabyshev isbn  openurl
  Title Izmeneniye klimata s tochki zreniya nauki korennykh narodov Sibiri (evenkov) [Climate change from the point of view of science of the indigenous peoples of Siberia (Evenks)] Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume In E. Kasten Chelovek i priroda v Sibiri: Ekologic Issue Fürstenberg/Havel: Kulturstiftung Sibirien Pages 121-161  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Chapter peer-reviewed edited volumes  
  Programme 1127  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-3-942883-75-7 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial (down) 8522  
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