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G. Hubert, S. Aubry |
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Title |
Simulation of atmospheric cosmic-rays and their impacts based on pre-calculated databases, physical models and computational methods |
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2021 |
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Journal of Computational Science |
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51 |
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101307 |
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Ambient dose equivalent Atmospheric cosmic-rays Cosmogenic nuclide production Multi-physics Single event effect |
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Abstract |
The atmospheric cosmic-ray environment is composed of secondary particles produced when primary cosmic rays interact with the nucleus of atmospheric atoms. Modeling of atmospheric radiations is essential for investigating their impacts on human activities such as radiation risks in aviation or scientific fields such as cosmogenic dating. The nuclear transport codes are a common and accurate way to model the cosmic ray interaction in the atmosphere with minimal approximations. However, tracking all produced secondary particles in each event in the whole depth of the atmosphere and sampling many events to obtain the statistically meaningful results would be a computational challenge and disadvantageous from the point of view of time consumption. This paper presents a computational platform names ATMOS CORE based on pre-calculated databases coupled to physical models and computational methods. The fields of application concern the atmospheric cosmic-rays characterization as well as their effects on electronics systems, on the ambient dose for aircrews or the cosmogenic nuclide production for dating activities. Some comparisons between simulations and measurements are also presented and discussed. |
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1112 |
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1877-7503 |
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yes |
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7957 |
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First description of nest-decoration behaviour in a wild sub-Antarctic shorebird |
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2021 |
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Behavioural Processes |
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188 |
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104408 |
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Keywords |
Animal communication Extended phenotype Nest decoration Non-bodily ornament Signal |
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A wide range of animal species accumulate objects in, on, and/or around structures they build. Sometimes, these accumulations serve specific functions (e.g. structural or isolating features) or are purely incidental, while in other cases the materials are deliberately displayed to serve signalling purposes (extended phenotype signals). In this pilot study, we employed systematic in situ observations and camera trapping to describe for the first time that both partners of a territorial shorebird, the black-faced sheathbill (Chionis minor ssp minor) collect, carry, and arrange colourful marine shells and dry twigs within and around their nest cavity. Our observations expand the taxonomic breadth of avian extended phenotype signals, by showing that at least one species within a largely understudied group i.e., Charadriiformes, exhibits nest-decoration behaviour. Multiple manipulative experiments are needed to explore further the signalling function of these decorations, which opens new exciting avenues for animal communication and cognition research. |
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354 |
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0376-6357 |
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7953 |
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Impact of socio-economic traditions on current tobacco and tea addictions (Siberia 17th to 20th century) |
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2021 |
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Medrxiv |
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Objective To investigate how tobacco and tea spread among virgin populations and how the first addictions have subsequently influenced the behavior of present-day populations. Design Retrospective observational study using data from frozen burials and levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine measured in hair samples from frozen bodies of autochthonous people. Confrontation of the results with new ethnobotanical, historical and cultural data from the past and with present day epidemiological data from the same region. Setting Eastern Siberia (Yakutia) from the contact with Europeans (17th century) to the assimilation of people into Russian society (19th century). Participants 47 frozen bodies of autochthonous people from eastern Siberia and a review of present-day populations from Yakutia Intervention Levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine were measured in hair samples. Along with the collection of cultural data associated with the bodies, potential comorbidities were investigated. Main outcome measure We combined LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS tools for toxicological investigations in hair and we assessed the association between xenobiotic concentrations and geography using several permutation-based methods to infer the economic circuits of tobacco and tea. Comparison of the results obtained with ethno-botanical analyses allowed to identify the products from which the metabolites were derived. Results Hair levels of theobromine, theophylline and caffeine vary with the type of beverage consumed: green, black or local herbal teas. At the beginning of our study period, a few heavy consumers of tobacco were found among light or passive consumers. Tobacco-related co-morbidities began to be recorded one century after contact with Europeans. Heavy tea users were only found from the 19th century and the heaviest users of the two substances date from this century. After the first contact, teas were widely consumed as beverages and medicines but also for shamanic reasons. Economic factors, fashion and social and family contacts seem to have played a decisive role in tobacco consumption very early on. Conclusion Epidemiological characteristics of present-day Yakutia suggest that the high prevalence of smokers and tea consumers, the prevalence of female smokers and tobacco use in the north, find their origins in the diffusion phenomena of the 18th and 19th century. Behavioral evolution governed the process of substance integration and was determinant for the continuity of use of these substances over a long period of time. |
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1038 |
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yes |
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7952 |
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2021 |
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Annales Geophysicae |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
1 |
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189-237 |
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312 |
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0992-7689 |
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yes |
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7951 |
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Title |
How king penguins advertise their sexual maturity |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
177 |
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Pages |
253-267 |
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Keywords |
animal communication mate choice optimal response index ornamentation penguin sexual maturation vocalization |
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137,354 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0003-3472 |
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yes |
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7949 |
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Author |
Samara Danel, Jules Chiffard-Carricaburu, Francesco Bonadonna, Anna P. Nesterova |
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Title |
Exclusion in the field: wild brown skuas find hidden food in the absence of visual information |
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2021 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
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24 |
Issue |
4 |
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867-876 |
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354 |
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1435-9456 |
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yes |
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7947 |
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Author |
John P. Whiteman, Seth D. Newsome, Paco Bustamante, Yves Cherel, Keith A. Hobson |
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Title |
Quantifying capital versus income breeding: New promise with stable isotope measurements of individual amino acids |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
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Volume |
90 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1408-1418 |
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carbon-13 compound-specific isotope analysis CSIA discrimination fasting fractionation nitrogen-15 |
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109 |
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1365-2656 |
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yes |
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7945 |
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Author |
F. Thibon, L. Weppe, N. Vigier, C. Churlaud, T. Lacoue-Labarthe, M. Metian, Y. Cherel, P. Bustamante |
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Title |
Large-scale survey of lithium concentrations in marine organisms |
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2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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751 |
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Pages |
141453 |
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Keywords |
Bio-reduction Bioaccumulation Biogeography Ecotoxicology Multiple correspondence analyses Trophic webs |
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109 |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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7944 |
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Diel at-sea activity of two species of great albatrosses: the ontogeny of foraging and movement behaviour |
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2021 |
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Journal of Avian Biology |
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52 |
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2 |
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albatross diel activity pattern Diomedea flight behavior foraging activity moon illumination night activity seabirds |
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Abstract |
The first year of life is a period of high mortality in animals. Reduced foraging capacities of naive individuals might be the primary cause of their mortality. These capacities are supposed to be progressively acquired during the first months of life. In this study, we investigate the ontogeny of flight capacities, by day and night, of first-year individuals, and compare it with adults from two closely related species of great albatrosses: Amsterdam Diomedea amsterdamensis and wandering Diomedea exulans albatrosses which forage in different environmental conditions. We used 71 tracks of 71 juvenile birds and 141 of 116 incubating adults to compare both age categories. In order to explore the effect of moon light on night activity, we elaborated a new formula which improves the precision of the proxy of moon illumination. By day, we found that juveniles of both species reach some adult foraging capacities in less than two months. By night, albatrosses have reduced activity increasing during the first weeks at sea for juveniles and changing in accordance with moon illumination for both juveniles and adults. A peak of flight activity at dawn and dusk was apparent for both species. Interspecific comparison underlined that Amsterdam albatrosses were more active than wandering albatrosses, suggesting a difference in food and foraging strategy. Overall, we highlighted how life history traits, environmental conditions and time of the day affect the foraging activity of two related species of seabirds. |
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109 |
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1600-048X |
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7943 |
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Author |
Alain Manceau, Anne-Claire Gaillot, Pieter Glatzel, Yves Cherel, Paco Bustamante |
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2021 |
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Environmental Science & Technology |
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55 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1515-1526 |
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Abstract |
In vivo and in vitro evidence for detoxification of methylmercury (MeHg) as insoluble mercury selenide (HgSe) underlies the central paradigm that mercury exposure is not or little hazardous when tissue Se is in molar excess (Se:Hg > 1). However, this hypothesis overlooks the binding of Hg to selenoproteins, which lowers the amount of bioavailable Se that acts as a detoxification reservoir for MeHg, thereby underestimating the toxicity of mercury. This question was addressed by determining the chemical forms of Hg in various tissues of giant petrels Macronectes spp. using a combination of high energy-resolution X-ray absorption near edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy coupled to elemental mapping. Three main Hg species were identified, a MeHg-cysteinate complex, a four-coordinate selenocysteinate complex (Hg(Sec)4), and a HgSe precipitate, together with a minor dicysteinate complex Hg(Cys)2. The amount of HgSe decreases in the order liver > kidneys > brain = muscle, and the amount of Hg(Sec)4 in the order muscle > kidneys > brain > liver. On the basis of biochemical considerations and structural modeling, we hypothesize that Hg(Sec)4 is bound to the carboxy-terminus domain of selenoprotein P (SelP) which contains 12 Sec residues. Structural flexibility allows SelP to form multinuclear Hgx(Se,Sec)y complexes, which can be biomineralized to HgSe by protein self-assembly. Because Hg(Sec)4 has a Se:Hg molar ratio of 4:1, this species severely depletes the stock of bioavailable Se for selenoprotein synthesis and activity to one ?g Se/g dry wet in the muscle of several birds. This concentration is still relatively high because selenium is naturally abundant in seawater, therefore it probably does not fall below the metabolic need for essential selenium. However, this study shows that this may not be the case for terrestrial animals, and that muscle may be the first tissue potentially injured by Hg toxicity. |
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0013-936X |
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7942 |
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