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Author |
Karl-Ludwig Klein |
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Title |
Radio Astronomical Tools for the Study of Solar Energetic Particles II.Time-Extended Acceleration at Subrelativistic and Relativistic Energies |
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2021 |
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Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |
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7 |
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93 |
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Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are commonly separated in two categories: numerous “impulsive” events of relatively short duration, and a few “gradual” events, where SEP-intensities may stay enhanced over several days at energies up to several tens of MeV. In some gradual events the SEP spectrum extends to relativistic energies (>1 GeV), over shorter durations. The two categories are strongly related to an idea developed in the 1960s based on radio observations: Type III bursts, which were addressed in a companion chapter, outline impulsive acceleration of electrons to subrelativistic energies, while the large and the relativistic SEP events were ascribed to a second acceleration process. At radio wavelengths, typical counterparts were bursts emitted by electrons accelerated at coronal shock waves (type II bursts) and by electron populations in large-scale closed coronal structures (type IV bursts). Both burst types are related to coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Type II bursts from metric to kilometric wavelengths tend to accompany large SEP events, which is widely considered as a confirmation that CME-driven shocks accelerate the SEPs. But type II bursts, especially those related to SEP events, are most often accompanied by type IV bursts, where the electrons are rather accelerated in the wake of the CME. Individual event studies suggest that although the CME shock is the most plausible accelerator of SEPs up to some yet unknown limiting energy, the relativistic SEP events show time structure that rather points to coronal acceleration related to type IV bursts. This chapter addresses the question what type II bursts tell us about coronal shock waves and how type II and type IV radio bursts are related with relativistic proton signatures as seen by particle detectors on the Earth and by their gamma-ray emission in the solar atmosphere, focusing on two relativistic SEP events, on 2005 Jan 20 and 2017 Sep 10. The importance of radio emissions as a complement to the upcoming SEP observations from close to the Sun is underlined. |
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2296-987X |
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7777 |
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Karine Delord, Cédric Cotté, Pascal Terray, Charles-André Bost, Henri Weimerskirch, Christophe Barbraud |
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Title |
Factors affecting adult body condition in the endangered northern rockhopper penguin |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Biology |
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168 |
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3 |
Pages |
27 |
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Understanding the factors that drive the dynamics of populations of long‐lived species presents a unique challenge for conservation management. Here, we investigated long-term change in the body condition of adult northern rockhopper penguins Eudyptes moseleyi at Amsterdam Island, southern Indian Ocean, which hosts 5–10% of the global population of this endangered species. Analysis of a long‐term dataset (1994–2016), concurrent to the population's rapid decline, revealed no trend in adult northern rockhopper penguin body condition over time at the stages considered in this study, i.e. breeding and moulting. However, body condition varied between years and sexes and part of this variation was explained by environmental factors. Males were on average in better condition than females whatever the stage and individuals on average were in better condition during the moulting compared to the breeding period. The environmental conditions [sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTa), Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM)] appeared to impact non-linearly the body condition. Overall, females were in better condition for negative values of SAM, SIOD and SSTa. The body condition of males exhibited similar but less complex and more significant patterns, with decreasing body condition for increasing SAM, SIOD and SSTa. The absence of long-term trends in male and female body condition suggests that the very low reproductive output and declining population since 1997 is probably not the result of environmental conditions during pre-breeding and pre-moult and necessitates further research into possible drivers during the breeding season. |
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109,394 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1432-1793 |
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7792 |
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Author |
Crouzet N. |
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Title |
Monitoring warm transiting exoplanets for Ariel with ASTEP+ |
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Communication |
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2021 |
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Journée Ariel France, 28 janvier 2021 |
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1066 |
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yes |
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7826 |
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Author |
Guillot T. |
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Title |
Science of temperate exoplanets: The lessons from Juno |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journée Ariel France, 28 janvier 2021 |
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1066 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7827 |
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Akers P., Savarino, J., Caillon, N. |
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Title |
Reconstructing Antarctic snow accumulation using nitrogen isotopes of nitrate |
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Communication |
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2021 |
Publication |
EGU General Assembly, 19-30 April 2021 |
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1177 |
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7866 |
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Barbero A., Grilli R., Blouzon C., Ahmed S., Thomas J.L., Frey M., Huang Y., Caillon N., Savarino J. |
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Title |
Innovative approach for new estimation of NOx snow-source on the Antarctic Plateau |
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Communication |
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2021 |
Publication |
EGU General Assembly, 19-30 April 2021 |
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7867 |
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Ishino S., Hattori S., Savarino J., Jourdain B., Legrand M., Preunkert S., Alexander B., Yoshida N., Huang J. |
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Title |
Regional characteristics of atmospheric sulfate formation in East Antarctica imprinted on 17O-excess signature |
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Book Chapter |
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2021 |
Publication |
EGU General Assembly, 19-30 April 2021 |
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1177 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7869 |
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Author |
G. Hubert, S. Aubry |
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Title |
Study of the Impact of Past Extreme Solar Events on the Modern Air Traffic |
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2021 |
Publication |
Space Weather |
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19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e2020SW002665 |
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The ancient solar energetic particle (SEP) events of 774/775 CE and 993/994 CE were characterized thanks to radionuclide productions stored in environmental archives as ice cores or tree rings. Primary cosmic ray spectra deduced from these cosmogenic isotope data indicate that the impact of these extreme SEP events would have been much more significant than any of the ones observed during the modern era. However, the impact of these should be studied more accurately in the framework of the ambient dose equivalent impacting aircrew and passengers in the air traffic context by considering physical parameters such as time profile or anisotropy properties. In this study, the impact that 774/775 CE and 993/994 CE past extreme SEP events could have had on modern air traffic is discussed. Possible event spectra for these ancient events are derived from the spectra ground-level enhancement (GLE) 5 and GLE 69, which have been observed during the modern era and have been widely studied/characterized using measurements. The investigations include the impact of the SEP activity on ambient dose equivalent, including detailed analyses considering route, airplane characteristics (departure, arrival, continent, airplane type), and the time occurrence of the SEP event. Statistical analyses show that additional dose levels can reach values on the order of 70 mSv, which is absolutely significant considering the current air traffic recommendations. The orders of magnitude of the ambient dose equivalent induced during past extreme SEP events raises a number of issues, both for aircrews and for avionics hardware. This study demonstrates that simulations can be useful for the evaluation of risks in case of extreme SEP events. |
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1112 |
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1542-7390 |
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yes |
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7934 |
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Author |
É Vignon, M.-L. Roussel, I. V. Gorodetskaya, C. Genthon, A. Berne |
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Title |
Present and Future of Rainfall in Antarctica |
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2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
8 |
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e2020GL092281 |
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Abstract |
While most precipitation in Antarctica falls as snow, little is known about liquid precipitation, although it can have ecological and climatic impacts. This study combines meteorological reports at 10 stations with the ERA5 reanalysis to provide a climatological characterization of rainfall occurrence over Antarctica. Along the East Antarctic coast, liquid precipitation occurs 22 days per year at most and coincides with maritime intrusions and blocking anticyclones. Over the north-western Antarctic Peninsula, rainfall occurs more than 50 days per year on average and the recent summer cooling was accompanied by a decrease of −35 annual rainy days per decade between 1998 and 2015 at Faraday-Vernadsky. Projections from seven latest-generation climate models reveal that Antarctic coasts will experience a warming and more frequent and intense rainfall by the end of the century. Rainfall is expected to impact new regions of the continent, increasing their vulnerability to melting by the preconditioning of surface snow. |
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1013,1143 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1944-8007 |
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yes |
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7935 |
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P. Alken, E. Thébault, C. D. Beggan, J. Aubert, J. Baerenzung, W. J. Brown, S. Califf, A. Chulliat, G. A. Cox, C. C. Finlay, A. Fournier, N. Gillet, M. D. Hammer, M. Holschneider, G. Hulot, M. Korte, V. Lesur, P. W. Livermore, F. J. Lowes, S. Macmillan, M. Nair, N. Olsen, G. Ropp, M. Rother, N. R. Schnepf, C. Stolle, H. Toh, F. Vervelidou, P. Vigneron, I. Wardinski |
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Title |
Evaluation of candidate models for the 13th generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field |
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2021 |
Publication |
Earth, Planets and Space |
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73 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
48 |
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Keywords |
Geomagnetism IGRF Magnetic field modeling |
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Abstract |
In December 2019, the 13th revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) was released by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group V-MOD. This revision comprises two new spherical harmonic main field models for epochs 2015.0 (DGRF-2015) and 2020.0 (IGRF-2020) and a model of the predicted secular variation for the interval 2020.0 to 2025.0 (SV-2020-2025). The models were produced from candidates submitted by fifteen international teams. These teams were led by the British Geological Survey (UK), China Earthquake Administration (China), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain), University of Colorado Boulder (USA), Technical University of Denmark (Denmark), GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Germany), Institut de physique du globe de Paris (France), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (France), Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (Russia), Kyoto University (Japan), University of Leeds (UK), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (Germany), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), University of Potsdam (Germany), and Université de Strasbourg (France). The candidate models were evaluated individually and compared to all other candidates as well to the mean, median and a robust Huber-weighted model of all candidates. These analyses were used to identify, for example, the variation between the Gauss coefficients or the geographical regions where the candidate models strongly differed. The majority of candidates were sufficiently close that the differences can be explained primarily by individual modeling methodologies and data selection strategies. None of the candidates were so different as to warrant their exclusion from the final IGRF-13. The IAGA V-MOD task force thus voted for two approaches: the median of the Gauss coefficients of the candidates for the DGRF-2015 and IGRF-2020 models and the robust Huber-weighted model for the predictive SV-2020-2025. In this paper, we document the evaluation of the candidate models and provide details of the approach used to derive the final IGRF-13 products. We also perform a retrospective analysis of the IGRF-12 SV candidates over their performance period (2015–2020). Our findings suggest that forecasting secular variation can benefit from combining physics-based core modeling with satellite observations. |
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1880-5981 |
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7937 |
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