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Stier A, Lewden A, Ruuskanen S, Noiret A, Angelier F, Robin Jp, Bize P, Raclot T, Roussel D, Ropert-coudert Y, Viblanc Va |
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Title |
HotPenguin : cool in the water, too hot on land ? Risks and consequences of heat stress in penguins facing climate change |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2021 |
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Animals from polar regions have evolved highly specialized adaptations to cope with cold climates, which put them at risk regarding the current rapid climate change. This is especially true for penguins who live most of the year in cold water, but breed on land in the spring/summer. Penguins are thereby likely to be threatened by periods of unusually warm temperatures on land. While heat stress is increasingly studied in warm regions, few studies have investigated whether heat stress could occur in polar regions, and to what extent it could affect individual health and reproduction. My aim is to fill this knowledge gap by leading a collaborative research project taking an integrative approach, from animal behavior to the sub-cellular level. This project aims at helping to better predict how penguin populations will respond to future climate change, and raise awareness of scientists, stakeholders and the general public towards an under-appreciated risk of climate change in polar regions. |
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119 |
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yes |
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8107 |
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Author |
Hullé M., Vernon P. |
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Title |
The terrestrial macro-invertebrates of the sub-Antarctic Îles Kerguelen and Île de la Possession |
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Book |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
iste (ed.). 240 pp. |
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The sub-Antarctic islands are remote and isolated environments with original flora and fauna composed of a few species that are highly adapted to cold oceanic conditions. Their peculiar naturalness makes these ecosystems intrinsically fragile.This book focuses on terrestrial ecosystems and, in particular, on invertebrates – earthworms, mollusks, spiders and insects – that inhabit the French sub-Antarctic islands of the South Indian Ocean. All native and introduced species are presented in the form of individual fact sheets, which include the main identification criteria, geographical distribution and principal ecological traits. Numerous summary tables, distribution maps of introduced species, and a discussion on the originality and vulnerability of this fauna are also included.The Terrestrial Macroinvertebrates of the Sub-Antarctic Iles Kerguelen and Ile de la Possession is based on an expansive literature base, as well as on observations and photographs taken as part of a research program funded by the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV). The book also gives an important part to the history of the discoveries of the different species, as well as current conservation issues. |
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136 |
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978-1-786-30760-6 |
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yes |
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8110 |
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The biology and feeding ecology of Arctic charr in the Kerguelen Islands |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Fish Biology |
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Volume |
98 |
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2 |
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526-536 |
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1041 |
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1095-8649 |
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yes |
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8178 |
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Title |
Using Reciprocal Transplants to Assess Local Adaptation, Genetic Rescue, and Sexual Selection in Newly Established Populations |
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Journal |
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2021 |
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Genes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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12 |
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1 |
Pages |
5 |
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Keywords |
gene flow genetic rescue local adaptation mating success small population |
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Abstract |
Small populations establishing on colonization fronts have to adapt to novel environments with limited genetic variation. The pace at which they can adapt, and the influence of genetic variation on their success, are key questions for understanding intraspecific diversity. To investigate these topics, we performed a reciprocal transplant experiment between two recently founded populations of brown trout in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands. Using individual tagging and genetic assignment methods, we tracked the fitness of local and foreign individuals, as well as the fitness of their offspring over two generations. In both populations, although not to the same extent, gene flow occurred between local and foreign gene pools. In both cases, however, we failed to detect obvious footprints of local adaptation (which should limit gene flow) and only weak support for genetic rescue (which should enhance gene flow). In the population where gene flow from foreign individuals was low, no clear differences were observed between the fitness of local, foreign, and F1 hybrid individuals. In the population where gene flow was high, foreign individuals were successful due to high mating success rather than high survival, and F1 hybrids had the same fitness as pure local offspring. These results suggest the importance of considering sexual selection, rather than just local adaptation and genetic rescue, when evaluating the determinants of success in small and recently founded populations. |
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1041 |
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yes |
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8179 |
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Marine habitat use and feeding ecology of introduced anadromous brown trout at the colonization front of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11917 |
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Keywords |
Animal migration Behavioural ecology Ecology Stable isotope analysis |
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Programme |
1041 |
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2045-2322 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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8180 |
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Title |
The high diversity of Southern Ocean sea stars (Asteroidea) reveals original evolutionary pathways |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Progress in oceanography |
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Volume |
190 |
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102472 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Biodiversity COI mtDNA Echinodermata Evolution Phylogeography |
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Abstract |
Benthic life in the Southern Ocean (SO) features unique life history traits and species assemblages, but the origin and evolution of many of these taxonomic groups is still unclear. Sea stars (Asteroidea) are a diversified and abundant component of benthic ecosystems in the SO, in which they can play key ecological roles. Former studies suggest that the diversity of the entire class is still poorly known and underestimated, hampering the assessment of the origin and evolution of the class in the SO. In the present study, we analyse spatial patterns of SO sea star diversity using an occurrence database of ~14,000 entries. The biogeographic analysis is coupled with the exploration of an extensive molecular phylogeny based on over 4,400 specimen sequences to inform, support and/or question the observed diversity patterns. We show that the current taxonomy of SO asteroids needs revision and that their diversity has generally been overlooked and misinterpreted. Molecular results highlight the recent diversification of most studied taxa, at genus and species levels, which supports an evolutionary scenario referring to successive invasion and exchange events between the SO and adjacent regions, and clade diversification during periods of rapid environmental changes driven by the succession of glacial cycles. Our work advocates for employing, and endorsing the use of extensive genetic barcode libraries for biodiversity studies. |
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1044,1124 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0079-6611 |
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yes |
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8183 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Antarctic Science |
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33 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
103-115 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Cold Reversal glacier fluctuations Holocene in situ cosmogenic chlorine-36 dating palaeoclimate sub-Antarctic |
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1048 |
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0954-1020, 1365-2079 |
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yes |
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8186 |
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Title |
Evolution of the Cook Ice Cap (Kerguelen Islands) between the last centuries and 2100 ce based on cosmogenic dating and glacio-climatic modelling |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Antarctic Science |
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33 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
301-317 |
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degree-day glaciological model future projections glacial fluctuations in situ cosmogenic chlorine-36 dating moraines sub-Antarctic islands |
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The Cook Ice Cap (CIC) on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands recently experienced extremely negative surface mass balance. Further deglaciation could have important impacts on endemic and invasive fauna and flora. To put this exceptional glacier evolution into a multi-centennial-scale context, we refined the evolution of the CIC over the last millennium, investigated the associated climate conditions and explored its potential evolution by 2100 ce. A glaciological model, constrained by cosmic ray exposure dating of moraines, historical documents and recent direct mass balance observations, was used to simulate the ice-cap extents during different phases of advance and retreat between the last millennium and 2100 ce. Cosmogenic dating suggests glacial advance around the early Little Ice Age (LIA), consistent with findings from other sub-Antarctic studies, and the rather cold and humid conditions brought about by the negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). This study contributes to our currently limited understanding of palaeoclimate for the early LIA in the southern Indian Ocean. Glaciological modelling and observations confirm the recent decrease in CIC extent linked to the intensification of the SAM. Although affected by large uncertainties, future simulations suggest a complete disappearance of CIC by the end of the century. |
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1048 |
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0954-1020, 1365-2079 |
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8187 |
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Precise Transit and Radial-velocity Characterization of a Resonant Pair: The Warm Jupiter TOI-216c and Eccentric Warm Neptune TOI-216b |
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2021 |
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The Astronomical Journal |
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Volume |
161 |
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4 |
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161 |
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1066 |
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1538-3881 |
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8194 |
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Title |
The ? Pictoris b Hill sphere transit campaign – I. Photometric limits to dust and rings |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Astronomy & Astrophysics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
648 |
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A15 |
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1066 |
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0004-6361, 1432-0746 |
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8195 |
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