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Georges J.Y. (2000). an aberrantly pigmented southern elephant seal (mirounga leonina) at isles Kerguelen, southern Indian Ocean. Mar. Mamm. Sci., 16, 681–684.
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Minikin A., Legrand M., Hall J., Wagenbach D., Kleefeld C., Wolff E., Pasteur E.C. & Ducroz F. (1998). Sulfur-containing species (sulfate and methanesulfonate) in coastal Antarctic aerosol and precipitation. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10975–10990.
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Barbraud C., Mariani A. & Jouventin P. (2000). Variation in call properties of the snow petrel, Pagodroma nivea, in relation to sex and body size. Aust. J. Zool., 48, 421–430.
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. (2010). Preparing to fledge: the adrenocortical and metabolic responses to stress in king penguin chicks
. Functional Ecology, 24(1), 82–92.
Keywords: capture-handling stress, corticosterone, fledging, fasting, fuel utilization, plasma metabolites, thyroid hormones,
Programme: 119
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Krinner G. & Genthon C. (1998). GCM simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum surface climate of Greenland and Antarctica. Climate dynamics, 14(9), 741–758.
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Wilson R.P., Weimerskirch H. & Lys P. (1995). A device for measuring seabird activity at sea. J. Avian Biol., 26:02:00, 172–176.
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Jouzel J., Hammer C., Lorius C., Johnsen S., Grootes P., Stievenard M. & White J. (1996). Abrupt climatic changes: A global perspective from ice cores. (Vol. 35).
Abstract: NATO ASI Series
Programme: 322
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Vignati E, Facchini MC, Rinaldi M, Scannell C, Ceburnis D, Sciare J, Kanakidou M, Myriokefalitakis S, Dentener F, O'Dowd CD, . (2010). Global scale emission and distribution of sea-spray aerosol: Sea-salt and organic enrichment
. Atmospheric Environment, 44(5), 670–677.
Abstract: The chemical composition of marine aerosols as a function of their size is an important parameter for the evaluation of their impact on the global climate system. In this work we model fine particle organic matter emitted by sea spray processes and its influence on the aerosol chemical properties at the global scale using the off-line global Chemistry-Transport Model TM5. TM5 is coupled to a microphysical aerosol dynamics model providing size resolved information on particle masses and numbers. The mass of the emitted sea spray particles is partitioned between water insoluble organic matter (WIOM) and sea salt components in the accumulation mode using a function that relates the emitted organic fraction to the surface ocean chlorophyll-a concentrations. The global emission in the submicron size range of organic matter by sea spray process is 8.2 Tg yr-1, compared to 24 Tg yr-1 sea-salt emissions. When the marine sources are included, the concentrations of modeled primary particulate organic matter (POM) increase mainly over the oceans. The model predictions of WIOM and sea salt are evaluated against measurements carried out at Mace Head (Northern Hemisphere) and Amsterdam Island (Southern Hemisphere), showing that in clean marine conditions WIOM marine emissions contribute significantly to POM values. An estimation of the sea spray organic source in the coarse mode is carried out on the basis of field observations as well as laboratory experiments: the mass of sea spray organic matter in the coarse size range is ca 52% of the total primary organic fraction, leading to a total marine POM emission of 17.2 Tg yr-1.
Keywords: Modelling, Marine aerosols, Organics, Emissions,
Programme: 415
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Jouventin P. (2002). La signature vocale du manchot. Science et avenir, dec/jan 02, 14–19.
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Bergerat F., Angelier J. & Verrier S. (1999). Tectonic stress regimes, rift extension and transform motion: the South iceland Seismic Zone. Geodinamica acta, 12(5), 303–319.
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