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Author |
Frezzotti, M.; Gandolfi, S.; Urbini, S. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Snow megadunes in Antarctica: Sedimentary structure and genesis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
107 |
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1827 Hydrology: Glaciology; 1863 Hydrology: Snow and ice; 1894 Hydrology: Instruments and techniques; 3322 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Land/atmosphere interactions; 5470 Planetology: Solid Surface Planets: Surface materials and properties |
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Abstract |
Megadune fields occupy large areas in the interior of the East Antarctic ice sheet and are the result of unusual snow accumulation and redistribution processes. They therefore are important to surface mass balance and ice core interpretation. Field observations (GPS, GPR, and surface measurements) have provided a detailed description of megadune sedimentation and morphology over a 70 km2 area, located 200 km east of Dome C. A combination of remote sensing analysis (using Landsat and satellite radar altimetry) and field measurements indicate that slope in the prevailing wind direction (SPWD) and climatic conditions play a crucial role in megadune genesis. The megadune areas tend to be characterized by slightly steeper regional slope and the presence of highly persistent katabatic winds. The megadunes represent 2 to 4 m amplitude waves of 2 to 5 km wavelength formed by variable net accumulation, ranging between 25% (leeward faces) to 120% (windward faces) of the accumulation in adjacent nonmegadune areas. Leeward faces are characterized by glazed, sastrugi-free surfaces and extensive depth hoar formation. Windward faces are covered by large rough sastrugi up to 1.5 m in height. |
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961 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5631 |
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Author |
Goujon, C.; Barnola, J.-M.; Ritz, C. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Modeling the densification of polar firn including heat diffusion: Application to close-off characteristics and gas isotopic fractionation for Antarctica and Greenland sites |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
108 |
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1827 Hydrology: Glaciology; 1863 Hydrology: Snow and ice; 3344 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Paleoclimatology |
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Modeling the densification of polar firn is essential to estimate variations of close-off characteristics (density, close-off depth, delta age) in relation with past climate parameters (temperature and accumulation rates). Furthermore, the air composition in the firn is modified by gravitational and thermal fractionation, and stable isotope measurements of permanent gases like nitrogen or argon can provide information on the amplitude of these fractionations. In this work, we propose a new model coupling firn densification and heat diffusion. In addition to the determination of the firn thickness and gas-ice age differences, the model allows a reconstruction of the time evolution of the temperature for different sites in Antarctica (Vostok) and Greenland (GISP2) and therefore the evolution of gravitational and thermal isotopic fractionations in firn. Under present-day conditions, the modeled profiles are in good agreement with the available temperature measurements in firn. For sites with low accumulation rates such as Vostok, the results show the existence of temperature gradients in the firn column even when no rapid climatic changes occur. The comparison of the modeled ?15N results to measurements allows to better constrain the ?18O-temperature relationship, used to infer the surface temperature history, and for GISP2, the model validates the long-term borehole-based temperature. |
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902 |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
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5616 |
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Bouruet-Aubertot, P.; Mercier, H.; Gaillard, F.; Lherminier, P. |
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Title |
Evidence of strong inertia-gravity wave activity during the POMME experiment |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
110 |
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Keywords |
inertia-gravity waves, turbulent mixing; 4544 Oceanography: Physical: Internal and inertial waves; 4568 Oceanography: Physical: Turbulence, diffusion, and mixing processes; 4572 Oceanography: Physical: Upper ocean and mixed layer processes |
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The purpose of this paper is to characterize inertia-gravity waves (IGW) activity and to investigate the variability of these waves in relationship to atmospheric forcing and larger-scale motions. To this aim, we analyzed Eulerian measurements of horizontal currents and temperature collected over 1 year during the Programme Océan Multidisciplinaire Méso Echelle (POMME). We focused on the main frequency components of the IGW spectrum, namely the inertial frequency f and the semidiurnal frequency M2. Time evolution of the relative energy of these two components gave evidence of isolated events of high intensity. We performed a detailed analysis of these events and identified mechanisms of generation of these waves. Localized spots of intense, near-inertial IGW were observed in winter. During the mixed layer deepening, one event was correlated with plume-like structures resulting from peaks of intense surface cooling. This suggests a local generation process driven by strong downward vertical motions. Instead, other events of strong IGW could be related to submesoscale features, characteristic of a frontal region, in particular, wave trapping within anticyclonic eddies. In contrast, a downward energy propagation down to about 500 m below the mixed layer was isolated after a stormy period. Eventually, internal tidal beams, possibly generated at a nearby seamount, intermittently crossed the mooring, though less energetically than the previous events. Last, we estimated the eddy diffusivity from the velocity vertical shear. Large variations were obtained, from 10?6 m2/s up to 10?3 m2/s, consistent with the intense events previously isolated. |
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417 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5590 |
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Author |
Savarino, J.; Romero, A.; Cole-Dai, J.; Bekki, S.; Thiemens, M.H. |
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Title |
UV induced mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionation in stratospheric volcanic sulfate |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Geophysical research letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
0340 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere—composition and chemistry; 0370 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Volcanic effects; 1040 Geochemistry: Isotopic composition/chemistry; 1827 Hydrology: Glaciology |
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Abstract |
Sulfuric acid aerosols produced in the stratosphere following massive volcanic eruptions possess a mass-independent sulfur isotopic signature, acquired when volcanic SO2 experiences UV photooxidation. The volcanic data are consistent with laboratory SO2 photooxidation experiments using UV light at 248 nm (maximum absorption of ozone), whereas sulfur isotopic anomalies previously observed in Archean samples are consistent with photodissociation at 190–220 nm. A mechanism of SO2 photooxidation, occurring in the early stage of a stratospheric volcanic plume, in the range of 220–320 nm (weak band absorption of SO2), is also proposed. Since mass-independent sulfur isotope anomalies in stratospheric volcanic sulfate appear to depend on the exposure of SO2 to UV radiation, their measurements might therefore offer the possibility to determine the degree of UV penetration in the ozone-absorption window for the present and past atmospheres. They can also be used to determine the stratospheric or tropospheric nature of volcanic eruptions preserved in glaciological records, offering the possibility to reassess the climatic impact of past volcanic eruptions. |
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457 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0094-8276 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5537 |
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Author |
Legagneux, L.; Domine, F. |
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Title |
A mean field model of the decrease of the specific surface area of dry snow during isothermal metamorphism |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
110 |
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Keywords |
model; isothermal snow metamorphism; Ostwald ripening; 0736 Cryosphere: Snow; 3947 Mineral Physics: Surfaces and interfaces; 1847 Hydrology: Modeling; 5112 Physical Properties of Rocks: Microstructure |
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Abstract |
The surface area of snow that is accessible to gases is an essential parameter for quantifying the exchange of trace gases between the snowpack and the atmosphere and is called the specific surface area (SSA). Snow SSA decreases during metamorphism, but this is not described in current snow models owing to the complexity of the physics and geometry of snow. In this paper, we test whether it is possible to model snow SSA changes during isothermal metamorphism without accounting for all the complexity of the three-dimensional (3-D) structure of real snow. We have developed a mean field model of snow metamorphism under isothermal conditions, grounded in the theoretical framework of transient Ostwald ripening and representing snow as a distribution of spherical particles. Analytical expressions of the growth rates of these spheres are obtained, and the evolution of two measurable parameters that characterize snow geometry, the SSA and the distribution of radii of curvature (DRC), are simulated and compared to experimental data obtained by X-ray tomography. The qualitative effects of temperature, snow density, and the condensation coefficient on the rate of SSA decrease are examined. The model predicts very well the rate of evolution of the particle size distribution, which validates our physical description of isothermal metamorphism. In particular, we find that vapor phase diffusion is rate limiting. However, the calculation of the SSA from the DRC appears delicate and evidences too crude approximations in our description of the 3-D geometry of snow. Finally, it is stressed that the initial DRC can greatly influence the rate of SSA decrease, while experimental measurements of the rate of SSA decrease suggest that all snow types evolve in a similar way. It is thus proposed that most natural fresh snows have similar DRCs. |
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437 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
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5650 |
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Author |
Simpson, W.R.; Alvarez-Aviles, L.; Douglas, T.A.; Sturm, M.; Domine, F. |
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Title |
Halogens in the coastal snow pack near Barrow, Alaska: Evidence for active bromine air-snow chemistry during springtime |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Geophysical research letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
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Keywords |
0312 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Air/sea constituent fluxes; 0330 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Geochemical cycles; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry; 1863 Hydrology: Snow and ice |
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Abstract |
We measured halide concentrations of snow and frost flowers in the vicinity of Barrow, Alaska. We find that the ratio of bromide to sodium in frost flowers is slightly enhanced (?10%) as compared to sea water. In contrast, the ratio of bromide to sodium in some snow samples is more than an order of magnitude enhanced, and in other samples is more than an order of magnitude depleted. We interpret the bromide depleted snow as having been processed by heterogeneous chemistry and providing reactive halogen compounds to the atmosphere. The eventual end product of reactive bromine chemistry is HBr that is then deposited over a wide region, enhancing bromide in inland snow samples. Although frost flowers or open leads are likely to be the original source of halides that become reactive halogen gases, we find that the bromide release often occurs subsequent to production of aerosol from marine sources. |
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437 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0094-8276 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5598 |
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Author |
Marchaudon, A.; Cerisier, J.-C.; Greenwald, R.A.; Sofko, G.J. |
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Title |
Electrodynamics of a flux transfer event: Experimental test of the Southwood model |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Geophysical research letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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31 |
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Keywords |
2409 Ionosphere: Current systems; 2431 Ionosphere: Ionosphere/magnetosphere interactions; 2463 Ionosphere: Plasma convection; 2784 Magnetospheric Physics: Solar wind/magnetosphere interactions |
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Abstract |
On 12 September 1999, a conjunction between two SuperDARN radars and the Ørsted satellite gave, for the first time, simultaneous access to the ionospheric convection enhancement and the field-aligned currents (FACs) associated with a Flux Transfer Event. The radars observed an azimuthally elongated convection flow burst and the Ørsted satellite observed a series of successive small-scale parallel currents alternating between downward and upward. The most poleward pair of currents, whose directions were in agreement with the Southwood model, was observed when Ørsted crossed the front edge of the flow burst. A quantitative comparison of the current density of each FAC and of the Pedersen current density indicates that the closure current for this FACs pair occurred inside the flow burst, confirming the validity of the Southwood model. The Poynting flux carried by the parallel currents was less than 1% of the power carried by the solar wind plasma. |
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312;911 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0094-8276 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5587 |
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Author |
Thébault, E.; Mandea, M.; Schott, J.J. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Modeling the lithospheric magnetic field over France by means of revised spherical cap harmonic analysis (R-SCHA) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
111 |
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Keywords |
regional modeling; France; magnetic field; 1517 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Magnetic anomalies: modeling and interpretation; 1545 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Spatial variations: all harmonics and anomalies; 0545 Computational Geophysics: Modeling |
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Abstract |
We have recently proposed the revised spherical cap harmonic analysis (R-SCHA) modeling technique. The new mathematical functions represent faithfully the spatial variations of potential fields in a restricted area. In this paper, we tackle the inverse problem and outline the efficiency of the new basis functions with respect to real magnetic data. Processing simultaneously repeat stations, observatory, aeromagnetic, and CHAMP satellite data provides our first vector lithospheric field model over France, which extends from surface to 500 km of altitude. The magnetic field is represented with a minimum horizontal spatial representation of 40 km at the mean Earth radius. The magnetic lithospheric map consistency is confirmed with a comparison to known geological features. The model variation with altitude also suggests that the major French magnetic anomaly, the Paris basin anomaly, is produced by a deep-rooted geological structure. These results demonstrate the superiority of regional modeling over global modeling for delineating small-scale details in the lithospheric field. In view of forthcoming satellite missions, like Swarm, the revised spherical cap harmonic analysis method will help to accurately represent the lithospheric field for more detailed geological interpretations. |
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905;139 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5617 |
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Author |
Debayle, E.; Sambridge, M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Inversion of massive surface wave data sets: Model construction and resolution assessment |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
109 |
Issue |
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Pages |
B02316 |
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Keywords |
7218 Seismology: Lithosphere and upper mantle; 7255 Seismology: Surface waves and free oscillations; 7260 Seismology: Theory and modeling; 8180 Tectonophysics: Tomography |
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Abstract |
A new scheme is proposed for the inversion of surface waves using a continuous formulation of the inverse problem and the least squares criterion. Like some earlier schemes a Gaussian a priori covariance function controls the horizontal degree of smoothing in the inverted model, which minimizes some artifacts observed with spherical harmonic parameterizations. Unlike earlier schemes the new approach incorporates some sophisticated geometrical algorithms which dramatically increase computational efficiency and render possible the inversion of several tens of thousands of seismograms in few hours on a typical workstation. The new algorithm is also highly suited to parallelization which makes practical the inversion of data sets with more than 50,000 ray paths. The constraint on structural and anisotropic parameters is assessed using a new geometric approach based on Voronoi diagrams, polygonal cells covering the Earth's surface. The size of the Voronoi cells is used to give an indication of the length scale of the structures that can be resolved, while their shape provides information on the variation of azimuthal resolution. The efficiency of the scheme is illustrated with realistic uneven ray path configurations. A preliminary global tomographic model has been built for SV wave heterogeneities and azimuthal variations through the inversion of 24,124 fundamental and higher-mode Rayleigh waveforms. Our results suggest that the use of relatively short paths (<10,000 km) in a global inversion should minimize multipathing, or focusing/defocusing effects and provide lateral resolution of a few hundred kilometers across the globe. |
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133;906 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5607 |
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Author |
Rousseau, D.-D.; Duzer, D.; Etienne, J.-L.; Cambon, G.; Jolly, D.; Ferrier, J.; Schevin, P. |
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Title |
Pollen record of rapidly changing air trajectories to the North Pole |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
109 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles; 0315 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Biosphere/atmosphere interactions; 1620 Global Change: Climate dynamics; 3322 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Land/atmosphere interactions |
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Abstract |
Tracing modern atmospheric dynamics is important for constraining models used in past climate reconstruction. However, these models must be verified by modern observations. We present the rapid changeover of two different air trajectories to the North Pole determined by studying the long distance transport of pollen. Samples were collected on a manned floating capsule drifting southward on the sea ice from the North Pole in 2002. It was observed that an air mass at 3000 m altitude transported birch and pine pollen released in Western Europe during week 22 (May 27). Two weeks later, during week 24 (June 10), alder, birch and willow pollen from eastern Siberia reached the drifting station with an air mass at 1000 m altitude. These particular patterns support independent investigations of air trajectories in the Arctic, especially the transport of anthropogenic pollutants such as sulfate and nitrate. |
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349 |
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Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
American Geophysical Union |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5621 |
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Permanent link to this record |