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Author |
Masson-Delmotte, V.; Hou, S.; Ekaykin, A.; Jouzel, J.; Aristarain, A.; Bernardo, R.T.; Bromwich, D.; Cattani, O.; Delmotte, M.; Falourd, S.; Frezzotti, M.; Gallée, H.; Genoni, L.; Isaksson, E.; Landais, A.; Helsen, M.M.; Hoffmann, G.; Lopez, J.; Morgan, V.; Motoyama, H.; Noone, D.; Oerter, H.; Petit, J.R.; Royer, A.; Uemura, R.; Schmidt, G.A.; Schlosser, E.; Simões, J.C.; Steig, E.J.; Stenni, B.; Stievenard, M.; van den Broeke, M.R.; van de Wal, R.S.W.; van de Berg, W.J.; Vimeux, F.; White, J.W.C. |
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Title |
A Review of Antarctic Surface Snow Isotopic Composition: Observations, Atmospheric Circulation, and Isotopic Modeling* |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of climate |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
3359-3387 |
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Keywords |
Snow; Antarctica; Atmospheric circulation; Isotopic analysis; In situ observations |
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Abstract |
A database of surface Antarctic snow isotopic composition is constructed using available measurements, with an estimate of data quality and local variability. Although more than 1000 locations are documented, the spatial coverage remains uneven with a majority of sites located in specific areas of East Antarctica. The database is used to analyze the spatial variations in snow isotopic composition with respect to geographical characteristics (elevation, distance to the coast) and climatic features (temperature, accumulation) and with a focus on deuterium excess. The capacity of theoretical isotopic, regional, and general circulation atmospheric models (including “isotopic” models) to reproduce the observed features and assess the role of moisture advection in spatial deuterium excess fluctuations is analyzed. |
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Programme |
355;454 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher  |
American Meteorological Society |
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Language |
English |
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0894-8755 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5509 |
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Author |
Genthon Christophe, Six Delphine, Favier Vincent, Lazzara Matthew, Keller Linda, |
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Title |
Atmospheric Temperature Measurement Biases on the Antarctic Plateau
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1598-1605 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Observations of atmospheric temperature made on the Antarctic plateau with thermistors housed in naturally (wind) ventilated radiation shields are shown to be significantly warm biased by solar radiation. High incoming solar flux and high surface albedo result in radiation biases in Gill (multiplate) styled shields that can occasionally exceed 10°C in summer in case of low wind speed. Although stronger and more frequent when incoming solar radiation is high, biases exceeding 8°C are found even when solar is less than 200 Wm-2. Comparing with sonic thermometers, which are not affected by radiation but which are too complex to be routinely used for mean temperature monitoring, commercially available aspirated shields are shown to efficiently protect thermistor measurements from solar radiation biases. Most of the available in situ reports of atmospheric temperature on the Antarctic plateau are from automatic weather stations that use passive shields and are thus likely warm biased in the summer. In spite of low power consumption, deploying aspirated shields at remote locations in such a difficult environment may be a challenge. Bias correction formulae are not easily derived and are obviously shield dependent. On the other hand, because of a strong dependence of bias to wind speed, filtering out temperature reports for wind speed less than a given threshold (about 4-6 ms-1 for the shields tested here) may be an efficient way to quality control the data, albeit at the cost of significant data loss and records biased towards high wind speed cases. |
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Programme |
1013 |
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American Meteorological Society |
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ISSN |
0739-0572 |
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yes |
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Serial |
3681 |
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Author |
Rabier Florence, Cohn Steve, Cocquerez Philippe, Hertzog Albert, Avallone Linnea, Deshler Terry, Haase Jennifer, Hock Terry, Doerenbecher Alexis, Wang Junhong, Guidard Vincent, Thépaut Jean-Noël, Langland Rolf, Tangborn Andrew, Balsamo Gianpaolo, Brun Eric, Parsons David, Bordereau Jérôme, Cardinali Carla, Danis François, Escarnot Jean-Pierre, Fourrié Nadia, Gelaro Ron, Genthon Christophe, Ide Kayo, Kalnajs Lars, Martin Charlie, Meunier Louis-François, Nicot Jean-Marc, Perttula Tuuli, Potts Nicholas, Ragazzo Patrick, Richardson David, Sosa-Sesma Sergio, Vargas André, |
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Title |
The Concordiasi Field Experiment over Antarctica: First Results from Innovative Atmospheric Measurements
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
ES17-ES20 |
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Programme |
1013 |
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American Meteorological Society |
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ISSN |
0003-0007 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4201 |
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Author |
Park Young-Hyang, Yoon Jong-Hwan, Youn Yong-Hoon, Vivier Frédéric, |
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Title |
Recent Warming in the Western North Pacific in Relation to Rapid Changes in the Atmospheric Circulation of the Siberian High and Aleutian Low Systems*
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
J. Climate |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
3476-3493 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1061 |
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Publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
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0894-8755 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4282 |
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Author |
Sekma H, Park Y-H, Vivier F, |
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Title |
Time-Mean Flow as the Prevailing Contribution to the Poleward Heat Flux across the Southern Flank of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: A Case Study in the Fawn Trough, Kerguelen Plateau
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
J. Phys. Oceanogr. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
583-601 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1061 |
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Publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
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ISSN |
0022-3670 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4374 |
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Author |
Bousquet, P.; Ciais, P.; Peylin, P.; Ramonet, M.; Monfray, P. |
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Title |
Inverse modeling of annual atmospheric CO2 sources and sinks 1. Method and control inversion |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
104 |
Issue |
d21 |
Pages |
26,161–26,178 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
A primary goal of developing the CO2 atmospheric measurement network is to better characterize the sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2. Atmospheric transport models can be used to interpret atmospheric measurements in terms of surface fluxes using inverse methodology. In this paper we present a three-dimensional (3-D) inversion of CO2 measurements in order to infer annual sources and sinks of CO2 at a continental scale (continents and ocean basins) for a climatological year representing the 1985–1995 period. Solving this inverse problem requires (1) a data space representing monthly CO2 measurements, here at 77 sites (surface, ships, planes), (2) a flux space describing a priori fluxes between carbon reservoirs, and (3) a 3-D transport model linking the flux space to the data space. Knowledge of these three elements, together with their associated errors, allows one to reduce the uncertainties of the CO2 sources and sinks. In the 1985–1995 period, for our control inversion, the global continental sink is found to be 2.7±1.5 Gt C yr1 for an optimized deforestation source of 1.4±0.6 Gt C yr1, yielding a net land uptake of 1.3±1.6 Gt C yr1 (fossil fuel removed). The continental partition of this budget is (in units of Gt C yr1): Arctic +0.2±0.3, North America ?0.5±0.6, Europe ?0.3±0.8, north Asia ?1.5±0.7, tropics (except Asia) +0.3±0.9, tropical Asia +0.8±0.4, and Southern Hemisphere ?0.1±0.3. The inferred partition for the controversial Northern Hemisphere CO2 sink reveals that a major sink is located over the north Asia continent. For oceans we find a net global sink of 1.5±0.5 Gt C yr1 with the following partition (in units of Gt C yr1): North Pacific ?0.3±0.2, North Atlantic ?0.8±0.3, equator +0.6±0.2, 20°S–50°S oceans ?0.9±0.3, and austral ocean ?0.1±0.1. |
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Programme |
146;344 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5606 |
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Author |
Baker, D.F.; Law, R.M.; Gurney, K.R.; Rayner, P.; Peylin, P.; Denning, A.S.; Bousquet, P.; Bruhwiler, L.; Chen, Y.-H.; Ciais, P.; Fung, I.Y.; Heimann, M.; John, J.; Maki, T.; Maksyutov, S.; Masarie, K.; Prather, M.; Pak, B.; Taguchi, S.; Zhu, Z. |
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Title |
TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO2 fluxes, 1988–2003 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Global biogeochemical cycles |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
atmospheric inversions; CO 2 fluxes; interannual variability; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry; 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks; 0428 Biogeosciences: Carbon cycling; 0414 Biogeosciences: Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling; 3260 Mathematical Geophysics: Inverse theory |
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Abstract |
Monthly CO2 fluxes are estimated across 1988–2003 for 22 emission regions using data from 78 CO2 measurement sites. The same inversion (method, priors, data) is performed with 13 different atmospheric transport models, and the spread in the results is taken as a measure of transport model error. Interannual variability (IAV) in the winds is not modeled, so any IAV in the measurements is attributed to IAV in the fluxes. When both this transport error and the random estimation errors are considered, the flux IAV obtained is statistically significant at P ? 0.05 when the fluxes are grouped into land and ocean components for three broad latitude bands, but is much less so when grouped into continents and basins. The transport errors have the largest impact in the extratropical northern latitudes. A third of the 22 emission regions have significant IAV, including the Tropical East Pacific (with physically plausible uptake/release across the 1997–2000 El Niño/La Niña) and Tropical Asia (with strong release in 1997/1998 coinciding with large-scale fires there). Most of the global IAV is attributed robustly to the tropical/southern land biosphere, including both the large release during the 1997/1998 El Niño and the post-Pinatubo uptake. |
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Programme |
439 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0886-6236 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5542 |
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Author |
Cosme, E.; Genthon, C.; Martinerie, P.; Boucher, O.; Pham, M. |
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Title |
The sulfur cycle at high-southern latitudes in the LMD-ZT General Circulation Model |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
107 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles; 0312 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Air/sea constituent fluxes; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—constituent transport and chemistry; 3319 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: General circulation; 9310 Information Related to Geographic Region: Antarctica |
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Abstract |
This modeling study was motivated by the recent publication of year-round records of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in Antarctica, completing the available series of sulfate and methanesulfonic acid (MSA). Sulfur chemistry has been incorporated in the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique-Zoom Tracers (LMD-ZT) Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM), with high-resolution and improved physics at high-southern latitudes. The model predicts the concentration of six major sulfur species through emissions, transport, wet and dry deposition, and chemistry in both gas and aqueous phases. Model results are broadly realistic when compared with measurements in air and snow or ice, as well as to results of other modeling studies, at high- and middle-southern latitudes. Atmospheric MSA concentrations are underestimated and DMSO concentrations are overestimated in summer, reflecting the lack of a DMSO heterogeneous sink leading to MSA. Experiments with various recently published estimates of the rate of this sink are reported. Although not corrected in this work, other defects are identified and discussed: DMS concentrations are underestimated in winter, MSA and non-sea-salt (nss) sulfate concentrations may be underestimated at the South Pole, the deposition scheme used in the model may not be adapted to polar regions, and the model does not adequately reproduces interannual variability. Oceanic DMS sources have a major contribution to the variability of sulfur in these regions. The model results suggest that in a large part of central Antarctica ground-level atmospheric DMS concentrations are larger in winter than in summer. At high-southern latitudes, high loads of DMS and DMSO are found and the main chemical sink of sulfur dioxide (SO2) is aqueous oxidation by ozone (O3), whereas oxidation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dominates at the global scale. A comprehensive modeled sulfur budget of Antarctica is provided. |
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Programme |
414;903 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5543 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Tripathi, O.P.; Godin-Beekmann, S.; Lefèvre, F.; Pazmiño, A.; Hauchecorne, A.; Chipperfield, M.; Feng, W.; Millard, G.; Rex, M.; Streibel, M.; von der Gathen, P. |
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Title |
Comparison of polar ozone loss rates simulated by one-dimensional and three-dimensional models with Match observations in recent Antarctic and Arctic winters |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Ozone loss rates; transport model; trajectory model; 0340 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry; 0341 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry; 3334 Atmospheric Processes: Middle atmosphere dynamics; 3360 Atmospheric Processes: Remote sensing; 3319 Atmospheric Processes: General circulation |
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Abstract |
Simulations of ozone loss rates using a three-dimensional chemical transport model and a box model during recent Antarctic and Arctic winters are compared with experimental loss rates. The study focused on the Antarctic winter 2003, during which the first Antarctic Match campaign was organized, and on Arctic winters 1999/2000, 2002/2003. The maximum ozone loss rates retrieved by the Match technique for the winters and levels studied reached 6 ppbv/sunlit hour and both types of simulations could generally reproduce the observations at 2-sigma error bar level. In some cases, for example, for the Arctic winter 2002/2003 at 475 K level, an excellent agreement within 1-sigma standard deviation level was obtained. An overestimation was also found with the box model simulation at some isentropic levels for the Antarctic winter and the Arctic winter 1999/2000, indicating an overestimation of chlorine activation in the model. Loss rates in the Antarctic show signs of saturation in September, which have to be considered in the comparison. Sensitivity tests were performed with the box model in order to assess the impact of kinetic parameters of the ClO-Cl2O2 catalytic cycle and total bromine content on the ozone loss rate. These tests resulted in a maximum change in ozone loss rates of 1.2 ppbv/sunlit hour, generally in high solar zenith angle conditions. In some cases, a better agreement was achieved with fastest photolysis of Cl2O2 and additional source of total inorganic bromine but at the expense of overestimation of smaller ozone loss rates derived later in the winter. |
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Programme |
209 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5648 |
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Author |
Miyashita, Y.; Ieda, A.; Kamide, Y.; Machida, S.; Mukai, T.; Saito, Y.; Liou, K.; Meng, C.-I.; Parks, G.K.; McEntire, R.W.; Nishitani, N.; Lester, M.; Sofko, G.J.; Villain, J.-P. |
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Title |
Plasmoids observed in the near-Earth magnetotail at X ? ?7 RE |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
110 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
plasmoid; Geotail; 2723 Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetic reconnection; 2744 Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetotail; 2790 Magnetospheric Physics: Substorms; 2704 Magnetospheric Physics: Auroral phenomena; 2736 Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetosphere/ionosphere interactions |
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Abstract |
Recent studies have statistically shown that the magnetic reconnection site at substorm expansion onset is located in the magnetotail at X ? ?20 R E on average. For a substorm event that occurred at ?0153 UT on 2 July 1996, however, Geotail observed a series of tailward but slow flows with southward magnetic fields fairly close to the Earth at (X, Y) ? (?7, 9) R E
. The flows had enhancements of the total pressure and the total magnetic field as well as bidirectional field-aligned low-energy electrons in their central part. We interpret these as signatures for tailward moving small plasmoids with scales of ?0.5–3 R E
. Considering that GOES-8 observed a dipolarization at (X, Y) ? (?4, 5) R E after the expansion onset, we estimate that the magnetic reconnection occurred between the Geotail and GOES-8 positions. UVI auroral images from Polar and ground magnetic field data show that this substorm, initiated at ?20 hours MLT and ?64° magnetic latitude, was not very intense, and the period examined was not during an intense storm. The southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was not very large, while the large duskward IMF persisted for more than 12 hours before the onset as well as the somewhat large solar wind dynamic pressure. It seems likely that the global ionospheric convection was not very strong. Locally enhanced convection and auroral oval expansion due to the large IMF B y and the solar wind dynamic pressure might lead to the initiation of the magnetic reconnection much closer to the Earth than usual. |
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Programme |
312;911 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5619 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
