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Title |
Stress changes induced at neighbouring faults by the June 2000 earthquakes, South Iceland Seismic Zone
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Terra Nova |
Abbreviated Journal |
0954-4879 |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
79-86 |
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316 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1365-3121 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3209 |
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Title |
SCARDEC: a new technique for the rapid determination of seismic moment magnitude, focal mechanism and source time functions for large earthquakes using body-wave deconvolution
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
0956-540X |
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Volume |
184 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
338-358 |
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Keywords |
Inverse theory, Earthquake source observations, Body waves, Surface waves and free oscillations, Wave propagation, Subduction zone processes, |
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133 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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ISSN |
1365-246X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3222 |
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Author |
Di Giacomo Domenico, Parolai Stefano, Bormann Peter, Grosser Helmut, Saul Joachim, Wang Rongjiang, Zschau Jochen, |
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Title |
Suitability of rapid energy magnitude determinations for emergency response purposes
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
0956-540X |
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Volume |
180 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
361-374 |
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Keywords |
Time series analysis, Earthquake source observations, Body-waves, |
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Programme |
133 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1365-246X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3224 |
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Author |
Bozda Ebru, Trampert Jeannot, |
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Title |
Assessment of tomographic mantle models using spectral element seismograms
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
0956-540X |
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Volume |
180 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1187-1199 |
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Keywords |
Body waves, Surface waves and free oscillations, Seismic tomography, Computational seismology, Wave propagation, Crustal structure, |
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Abstract |
We investigated the agreement between real seismograms and those predicted by long wavelength mantle models by looking at phase and amplitude differences. We computed full synthetic seismograms using a spectral element method together with 3-D mantle models and the appropriate crustal model on top. We selected differently damped mantle models to see the effect of regularization on the computed seismograms. To check the phase agreement, we measured time-shifts between the real and synthetic surface waves and body wave phases such as P, S and SS using a cross-correlation technique. We also compared the amplitudes of the real and synthetic seismograms to understand how well the models explain not only the phases, but the whole waveforms. 3-D mantle models improve the phase agreement of surface waves in particular. The remaining misfit, however, is still so large that we cannot distinguish between different tomographic models. We suggest that this is mainly due to an imperfect modelling of the crust, and/or source location if body waves are included, which have to be addressed in future inversions. Amplitude mismatches are large, regardless which 3-D mantle model is used. We observe that 3-D scattering or focusing/defocusing effects can only explain half of the surface wave amplitudes whereas body wave amplitudes are dominated by scattering effects. 1-D Q models, particularly in the crust and upper-mantle, strongly affect surface wave amplitudes and have to be modelled properly.
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Programme |
133 |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1365-246X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3225 |
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Author |
Authier M, Cam E, Guinet C, |
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Title |
Selection for increased body length in Subantarctic fur seals on Amsterdam Island
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Evolutionary Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Evol. Biol. |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
607-616 |
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Keywords |
Bayesian, pinnipeds, quantitative genetics, selection, |
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Abstract |
The traditional distinction between ecological and evolutionary times is eroding, calling for tighter links between ecology and evolution. An example of such a brigde between the two disciplines is the so-called animal model, a methodology initially developed by animal breeders, which has become very popular among ecologists studying contemporary microevolution. Using a Bayesian multi-trait animal model, we investigated the quantitative genetics of body size, a fitness-related trait, in Subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis) breeding on Amsterdam Island, Southern Ocean. Our approach jointly modelled the growth and selection processes at work in this population. Body length is heritable for both sexes, and females are under selection for increased body length in this population. We strongly suspect the peculiar ecological context of impoverished, suitable prey availability exacerbated by density-dependence phenomena to be an important selective agent on females breeding on Amsterdam Island.
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Programme |
109 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1420-9101 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3252 |
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Author |
Barbraud Christophe, Rivalan Philippe, Inchausti Pablo, Nevoux Marie, Rolland Virginie, Weimerskirch Henri, |
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Title |
Contrasted demographic responses facing future climate change in Southern Ocean seabirds
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
80 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
89-100 |
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Keywords |
climate change, demography, IPCC emission scenarios, multi-state capturerecapture, population dynamics, sea ice concentration, sea surface temperature, seabirds, Southern Indian Ocean, stochastic matrix population models, |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
109 |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1365-2656 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3253 |
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Author |
Charmantier A, Buoro M, Gimenez O, Weimerskirch H, |
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Title |
Heritability of short-scale natal dispersal in a large-scale foraging bird, the wandering albatross
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Evolutionary Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Evol. Biol. |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1487-1496 |
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Keywords |
Bayesian framework, heritability, liability to disperse, local scale, natal dispersal, seabird, threshold model, |
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Abstract |
Natal dispersal is a key life history trait for the evolution and adaptation of wild populations. Although its evolution has repeatedly been related to the social and environmental context faced by individuals, parentoffspring regressions have also highlighted a possible heritable component. In this study, we explore heritability of natal dispersal, at the scale of the sub-Antarctic Possession Island, for a large-scale foraging seabird, the Wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, exploiting a pedigree spanning over four decades and a maximum of four generations. The comparison of three different methods shows that heritability on the liability scale can vary drastically depending on the type of model (heritability from 6% to 86%), with a notable underestimation by restricted maximum likelihood animal models (6%) compared to Bayesian animal models (36%). In all cases, however, our results point to significant additive genetic variance in the individual propensity to disperse, after controlling for substantial effects of sex and natal colony. These results reveal promising evolutionary potential for short-scale natal dispersal, which could play a critical role for the long-term persistence of this species on the long run.
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Programme |
109 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1420-9101 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3254 |
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Author |
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Title |
Conserving pelagic habitats: seascape modelling of an oceanic top predator
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Ecol |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
121-132 |
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Keywords |
first passage time, habitat modelling, indicator species, network of marine protected areas, prey capture data, Southern Ocean, time spent per unit area, wide-ranging predators, wandering albatross, |
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Abstract |
1.Currently pelagic ecosystems are changing significantly due to multiple threats. An important management policy is to establish marine protected areas, until now overlooked due to the difficulty of declaring high seas protected areas, obtaining long-term distribution data on indicator species and the dynamic nature of these ecosystems. 2.Within this framework, we developed predictive habitat suitability models of an oceanic predator, the vulnerable wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, in the highly dynamic Southern Ocean. Based on a long-term tracking database (19982008), we estimated three quantitative ecological indices that complementarily describe the hierarchical habitat use of the species at multiple spatial scales: where the species (i) spent more time (the seascape, based on the time spent per area), (ii) searched for prey (the foraging habitat, based on zones of increased foraging intensity using first passage time), and (iii) fed (the feeding habitat, based on prey capture data). 3.Predictive habitat models reasonably matched the observed distribution patterns and described albatross multi-scale habitat use as a hierarchical arrangement: albatrosses foraged over topographic features in subtropical waters, nested within the wider seascape due to the constraint imposed by the colony effect, whereas feeding occurred nested over the continental shelf and seamounts in areas of low oceanographic variability within the Polar Frontal Zone. 4.Within the current oceanographic conditions, the location of key pelagic habitats for albatrosses breeding in the southern Indian Ocean encompassed certain topographic features such as pelagic areas surrounding main breeding sites, seamounts and submarine mountain ranges. The placement of these pelagic hotspots depends on the current sea surface temperature conditions. 5.Synthesis and applications. The present study provides two key conservation and management tools. First, we provide the first map to support the development of a prospective network of priority conservation zones across the southern Indian Ocean based on habitat predictions of an oceanic indicator species. This could be used not only to support conservation of top predators but also the underlying biodiversity associated with pelagic key habitats. Secondly, the developed habitat modelling procedure is widely applicable and could be used to track changes in species distribution in both marine and terrestrial environments within the current global change scenario.
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Programme |
109 |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1365-2664 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3266 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Rains Derek, Weimerskirch Henri, Burg Theresa M, |
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Title |
Piecing together the global population puzzle of wandering albatrosses: genetic analysis of the Amsterdam albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Avian Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Avian Biol. |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
69-79 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Wandering albatrosses have been subjected to numerous taxonomic revisions due to discoveries of new species, analyses of morphological data and, more recently, the inclusion of genetic data. The small population of albatrosses (170 individuals including 26 pairs breeding annually) on Amsterdam Island in the Indian Ocean, Diomedea amsterdamensis, has been given species status based on plumage and morphometrics, but genetic data published to date provide weak support and its specific status remains controversial for some authors. We used mitochondrial control region sequence data to elucidate the relationship of the Amsterdam albatross within the wandering albatross complex (Diomedea amsterdamensis, D. antipodensis, D. dabbenena and D. exulans). Three novel haplotypes were present in 35 individuals from Amsterdam Island, and were highly divergent (3.67.3%) from haplotypes found in the other three members of the wandering albatross complex. Low levels of genetic variation in Amsterdam albatross likely resulted, at least in part, from a population bottleneck. Geographic isolation in the wandering albatross complex is maintained by high natal philopatry. As Amsterdam Island is the only breeding ground for this critically endangered species, we strongly urge conservation efforts in the area, especially in relation to long line fisheries and other threats such as disease and introduced predators, and it be listed as a distinct species.
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Programme |
109 |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1600-048X |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3270 |
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Title |
Development of fasting abilities in subantarctic fur seal pups: balancing the demands of growth under extreme nutritional restrictions
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
0269-8463 |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
704-717 |
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Keywords |
body fat, energy conservation, fuel partitioning, growth strategy, maternal care, offspring survival, pinnipeds, protein sparing, |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
109;119 |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1365-2435 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3277 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
