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Author |
O'Connor, F. M.
Johnson, C. E.
Morgenstern, O.
Abraham, N. L.
Braesicke, P.
Dalvi, M.
Folberth, G. A.
Sanderson, M. G.
Telford, P. J.
Voulgarakis, A.
Young, P. J.
Zeng, G.
Collins, W. J.
Pyle, J. A. |
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Title |
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Geoscientific Model Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
41-91 |
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Abstract |
In this paper, we present a description of the tropospheric chemistry component of the UK Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) model which has been coupled to the Met Office Hadley Centre's HadGEM family of climate models. We assess the model's transport and scavenging processes, in particular focussing on convective transport, boundary layer mixing, wet scavenging and inter-hemispheric exchange. Simulations with UKCA of the short-lived radon tracer suggest that modelled distributions are comparable to those of other models and the comparison with observations indicate that apart from a few locations, boundary layer mixing and convective transport are effective in the model as a means of vertically redistributing surface emissions of radon. Comparisons of modelled lead tracer concentrations with observations suggest that UKCA captures surface concentrations in both hemispheres very well, although there is a tendency to underestimate the observed geographical and interannual variability in the Northern Hemisphere. In particular, UKCA replicates the shape and absolute concentrations of observed lead profiles, a key test in the evaluation of a model's wet scavenging scheme. The timescale for inter-hemispheric transport, calculated in the model using a simple krypton tracer experiment, does appear to be long relative to other models and could indicate deficiencies in tropical deep convection and/or insufficient boundary layer mixing. We also describe the main components of the tropospheric chemistry and evaluate it against observations and other tropospheric chemistry models. In particular, from a climate forcing perspective, present-day observed surface methane concentrations and tropospheric ozone concentrations are reproduced very well by the model, thereby making it suitable for long centennial integrations as well as studies of biogeochemical feedbacks. Results from both historical and future simulations with UKCA tropospheric chemistry are presented. Future projections of tropospheric ozone vary with the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP). In RCP2.6, for example, tropospheric ozone increases up to 2010 and then declines by 13% of its year-2000 global mean by the end of the century. In RCP8.5, tropospheric ozone continues to rise steadily throughout the 21st century, with methane being the main driving factor. Finally, we highlight aspects of the UKCA model which are undergoing and/or have undergone recent developments and are suitable for inclusion in a next-generation Earth System Model. |
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416 |
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Publisher  |
Copernicus GmbH |
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ISSN |
1991-9603 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5766 |
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
1994-0416 |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2275-2291 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1053 |
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Publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5868 |
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Author |
Legrand M, Preunkert S, Frey M, Bartels-Rausch Th, Kukui A, King M D, Savarino J, Kerbrat M, Jourdain B, |
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Title |
Large mixing ratios of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) at Concordia (East Antarctic Plateau) in summer: a strong source from surface snow?
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
1680-7316 |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
18 |
Pages |
9963-9976 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1011 |
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Publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
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Series Editor |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5968 |
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Author |
Barral H, Genthon C, Trouvilliez A, Brun C, Amory C, |
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Title |
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1905-1919 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Three years of blowing snow observations and associated meteorology along a 7-m mast at site D17 in coastal Adelie Land are presented. The observations are used to address 3 atmospheric moisture issues related to the occurrence of blowing snow, a feature which largely affects many regions of Antarctica: 1) Blowing snow sublimation raises close to saturation the moisture content of the surface atmosphere, and atmospheric models and meteorological analyzes that do not carry blowing snow parameterizations areaffected by a systematic dry bias; 2) While snowpack modeling with a parameterization of surface snow erosion by wind can reproduce the variability of snow accumulation and ablation, ignoring the high levels of atmospheric moisture content associated with blowing snow results in overestimating surface sublimation affecting the energy budget of the snow-pack; 3) the well-known profile method to calculate turbulent moisture fluxes is not applicable when blowing snow occurs, because moisture gradients are weak due to blowing snow sublimation, and the impact of measurement uncertainties are strongly amplified in case of strong winds.
Keywords: Antarctica, Snowpack, Surface Mass Balance, Katabatic flow, Blowing snow, Sublimation, Latent Heat Fluxes, Moisture, Observation, Modelling, Profile method,Monin and Obukhov similarity theory, Uncertainty propagation
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Programme |
1013 |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Issue |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6015 |
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Author |
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Title |
Comprehensive laboratory and field testing of cavity ring-down spectroscopy analyzers measuring H2O, CO2, CH4 and CO
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
4219-4272 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
To develop an accurate measurement network of greenhouse gases, instruments in the field need to be stable and precise and thus require infrequent calibrations and a low consumption of consumables. For about ten years, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) analyzers have been available that meet these stringent requirements for precision and stability. Here, we present the results of tests of CRDS instruments in the laboratory (47 instruments) and in the field (15 instruments). The precision and stability of the measurements are studied. We demonstrate that, thanks to rigorous testing, newer models generally perform better than older models, especially in terms of reproducibility between instruments. In the field, we see the importance of individual diagnostics during the installation phase, and we show the value of calibration and target gases that assess the quality of the data. Finally, we formulate recommendations for use of these analyzers in the field. |
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Programme |
416 |
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Campaign |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
Place of Publication |
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Series Editor |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1867-1381 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6042 |
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Author |
Domine F, Barrere M, Sarrazin D, Morin S, Arnaud L, |
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Title |
Automatic monitoring of the effective thermal conductivity of snow in a low-Arctic shrub tundra
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1265-1276 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1042 |
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Campaign |
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Publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
Place of Publication |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6116 |
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Author |
Libois Q, Picard G, Arnaud L, Dumont M, Lafaysse M, Morin S, Lefebvre E, |
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Title |
Summertime evolution of snow specific surface area close to the surface on the Antarctic Plateau
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
4499-4538 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
On the Antarctic Plateau, snow specific surface area (SSA) close to the surface shows complex variations at daily to seasonal scales which affect the surface albedo and in turn the surface energy budget of the ice sheet. While snow metamorphism, precipitation and strong wind events are known to drive SSA variations, usually in opposite ways, their relative contributions remain unclear. Here, a comprehensive set of SSA observations at Dome C is analysed with respect to meteorological conditions to assess the respective roles of these factors. The results show an average two-to-three-fold SSA decrease from October to February in the topmost 10 cm, in response to the increase of air temperature and absorption of solar radiation in the snowpack during spring and summer. Surface SSA is also characterised by significant daily to weekly variations, due to the deposition of small crystals with SSA up to 100 m2 kg−1 onto the surface during snowfall and blowing snow events. To complement these field observations, the detailed snowpack model Crocus is used to simulate SSA, with the intent to further investigate the previously found correlation between inter-annual variability of summer SSA decrease and summer precipitation amount. To this end, Crocus parameterizations have been adapted to Dome C conditions, and the model was forced by ERA-Interim reanalysis. It successfully matches the observations at daily to seasonal time scales, except for few cases when snowfalls are not captured by the reanalysis. On the contrary, the inter-annual variability of summer SSA decrease is poorly simulated when compared to 14 years of microwave satellite data sensititve to the near surface SSA. A simulation with disabled summer precipitation confirms the weak influence in the model of the precipitation on metamorphism, with only 6 % enhancement. However we found that disabling strong wind events in the model is sufficient to reconciliate the simulations with the observations. This suggests that Crocus reproduces well the contributions of metamorphism and precipitation on surface SSA, but that snow compaction by the wind might be overestimated in the model. |
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Programme |
1110 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
Place of Publication |
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Original Title |
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ISSN |
1994-0424 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6128 |
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Author |
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Title |
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1373-1383 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1013 |
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Corporate Author |
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Publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
Place of Publication |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6143 |
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Author |
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Title |
How to create a very-low-cost, very-low-power, credit-card-sized and real-time-ready datalogger
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Type |
Conference - International - Article with Reading Comitee |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Advances in Geosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
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Pages |
37-41 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
133 |
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Publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1680-7359 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6147 |
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Author |
Frey M M, Roscoe H K, Kukui A, Savarino J, France J L, King M D, Legrand M, Preunkert S, |
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Title |
Atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) at Dome C, East Antarctica, during the OPALE campaign
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
7859-7875 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
903 |
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Copernicus GmbH |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
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Notes |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6156 |
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