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Author |
Quillfeldt Petra, Cherel Yves, Masello Juan F, Delord Karine, McGill Rona A R, Furness Robert W, Moodley Yoshan, Weimerskirch Henri, |
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Title |
Half a world apart? Overlap in nonbreeding distributions of Atlantic and Indian Ocean thin-billed prions.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e0125007-e0125007 |
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Abstract |
Distant populations of animals may share their non-breeding grounds or migrate to distinct areas, and this may have important consequences for population differentiation and dynamics. Small burrow-nesting seabirds provide a suitable case study, as they are often restricted to safe breeding sites on islands, resulting in a patchy breeding distribution. For example, Thin-billed prions Pachyptila belcheri have two major breeding colonies more than 8,000 km apart, on the Falkland Islands in the south-western Atlantic and in the Kerguelen Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. We used geolocators and stable isotopes to compare at-sea movements and trophic levels of these two populations during their non-breeding season, and applied ecological niche models to compare environmental conditions in the habitat. Over three winters, birds breeding in the Atlantic showed a high consistency in their migration routes. Most individuals migrated more than 3000 km eastwards, while very few remained over the Patagonian Shelf. In contrast, all Indian Ocean birds migrated westwards, resulting in an overlapping nonbreeding area in the eastern Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Geolocators and isotopic signature of feathers indicated that prions from the Falklands moulted at slightly higher latitudes than those from Kerguelen Islands. All birds fed on low trophic level prey, most probably crustaceans. The phenology differed notably between the two populations. Falkland birds returned to the Patagonian Shelf after 2-3 months, while Kerguelen birds remained in the nonbreeding area for seven months, before returning to nesting grounds highly synchronously and at high speed. Habitat models identified sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration as important environmental parameters. In summary, we show that even though the two very distant populations migrate to roughly the same area to moult, they have distinct wintering strategies: They had significantly different realized niches and timing which may contribute to spatial niche partitioning.
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109 |
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Public Library of Science |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6163 |
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Author |
Torres Leigh G, Sutton Philip J H, Thompson David R, Delord Karine, Weimerskirch Henri, Sagar Paul M, Sommer Erica, Dilley Ben J, Ryan Peter G, Phillips Richard A, |
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Title |
Poor transferability of species distribution models for a pelagic predator, the grey petrel, indicates contrasting habitat preferences across ocean basins.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0120014-e0120014 |
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Keywords |
Animals, Birds, Birds: physiology, Ecosystem, Models, Biological, Oceans and Seas, Predatory Behavior, Predatory Behavior: physiology, |
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Abstract |
Species distribution models (SDMs) are increasingly applied in conservation management to predict suitable habitat for poorly known populations. High predictive performance of SDMs is evident in validations performed within the model calibration area (interpolation), but few studies have assessed SDM transferability to novel areas (extrapolation), particularly across large spatial scales or pelagic ecosystems. We performed rigorous SDM validation tests on distribution data from three populations of a long-ranging marine predator, the grey petrel Procellaria cinerea, to assess model transferability across the Southern Hemisphere (25-65°S). Oceanographic data were combined with tracks of grey petrels from two remote sub-Antarctic islands (Antipodes and Kerguelen) using boosted regression trees to generate three SDMs: one for each island population, and a combined model. The predictive performance of these models was assessed using withheld tracking data from within the model calibration areas (interpolation), and from a third population, Marion Island (extrapolation). Predictive performance was assessed using k-fold cross validation and point biserial correlation. The two population-specific SDMs included the same predictor variables and suggested birds responded to the same broad-scale oceanographic influences. However, all model validation tests, including of the combined model, determined strong interpolation but weak extrapolation capabilities. These results indicate that habitat use reflects both its availability and bird preferences, such that the realized distribution patterns differ for each population. The spatial predictions by the three SDMs were compared with tracking data and fishing effort to demonstrate the conservation pitfalls of extrapolating SDMs outside calibration regions. This exercise revealed that SDM predictions would have led to an underestimate of overlap with fishing effort and potentially misinformed bycatch mitigation efforts. Although SDMs can elucidate potential distribution patterns relative to large-scale climatic and oceanographic conditions, knowledge of local habitat availability and preferences is necessary to understand and successfully predict region-specific realized distribution patterns.
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109 |
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Public Library of Science |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6167 |
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Author |
Bailleul Frederic, Vacquie-Garcia Jade, Guinet Christophe, |
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Title |
Dissolved Oxygen Sensor in Animal-Borne Instruments: An Innovation for Monitoring the Health of Oceans and Investigating the Functioning of Marine Ecosystems.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e0132681-e0132681 |
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Abstract |
The current decline in dissolved oxygen concentration within the oceans is a sensitive indicator of the effect of climate change on marine environment. However the impact of its declining on marine life and ecosystems' health is still quite unclear because of the difficulty in obtaining in situ data, especially in remote areas, like the Southern Ocean (SO). Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) proved to be a relevant alternative to the traditional oceanographic platforms to measure physical and biogeochemical structure of oceanic regions rarely observed. In this study, we use a new stage of development in biologging technology to draw a picture of dissolved oxygen concentration in the SO. We present the first results obtained from a dissolved oxygen sensor added to Argos CTD-SRDL tags and deployed on 5 female elephant seals at Kerguelen. From October 2010 and October 2011, 742 oxygen profiles associated with temperature and salinity measurements were recorded. Whether a part of the data must be considered cautiously, especially because of offsets and temporal drifts of the sensors, the range of values recorded was consistent with a concomitant survey conducted from a research vessel (Keops-2 project). Once again, elephant seals reinforced the relationship between marine ecology and oceanography, delivering essential information about the water masses properties and the biological status of the Southern Ocean. But more than the presentation of a new stage of development in animal-borne instrumentation, this pilot study opens a new field of investigation in marine ecology and could be enlarged in a near future to other key marine predators, especially large fish species like swordfish, tuna or sharks, for which dissolved oxygen is expected to play a crucial role in distribution and behaviour.
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109 |
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Public Library of Science |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6172 |
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Author |
Costantini David, Goutte Aurelie, Barbraud Christophe, Faivre Bruno, Sorci Gabriele, Weimerskirch Henri, Delord Karine, Chastel Olivier, |
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Title |
Demographic Responses to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Wandering Albatross (Diomedea exulans).
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e0133967-e0133967 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
One of the major challenges in ecological research is the elucidation of physiological mechanisms that underlie the demographic traits of wild animals. We have assessed whether a marker of plasma oxidative stress (TBARS) and plasma haptoglobin (protein of the acute inflammatory phase response) measured at time t predict five demographic parameters (survival rate, return rate to the breeding colony, breeding probability, hatching and fledging success) in sexually mature wandering albatrosses over the next four years (Diomedea exulans) using a five-year individual-based dataset. Non-breeder males, but not females, having higher TBARS at time t had reduced future breeding probabilities; haptoglobin was not related to breeding probability. Neither TBARS nor haptoglobin predicted future hatching or fledging success. Haptoglobin had a marginally positive effect on female survival rate, while TBARS had a marginally negative effect on return rate. Our findings do not support the role for oxidative stress as a constraint of future reproductive success in the albatross. However, our data point to a potential mechanism underlying some aspects of reproductive senescence and survival. Our results also highlight that the study of the consequences of oxidative stress should consider the life-cycle stage of an individual and its reproductive history.
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109 |
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Public Library of Science |
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10.1371/journal.pone.0133967 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6181 |
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Author |
Joliet F. |
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Title |
Umiujaq, regards inuit sur le paysage |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2011 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
151p |
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Programme |
1043 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Presses de l'UQAM |
Place of Publication |
Montréal |
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ISBN |
2760531368 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3621 |
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Author |
Masson-Delmotte V, Stenni B, Pol K, Braconnot P, Cattani O, Falourd S, Kageyama M, Jouzel J, Landais A, Minster B, Barnola J M, Chappellaz J, Krinner G, Johnsen S, Rothlisberger R, Hansen J, Mikolajewicz U, Otto-Bliesner B, |
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Title |
EPICA Dome C record of glacial and interglacial intensities
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Quaternary Science Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Quat Sci Rev |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
113 -128 |
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Keywords |
glaciology, meteorology climatology, |
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Abstract |
Climate models show strong links between Antarctic and global temperature both in future and in glacial climate simulations. Past Antarctic temperatures can be estimated from measurements of water stable isotopes along the EPICA Dome C ice core over the past 800 000 years. Here we focus on the reliability of the relative intensities of glacial and interglacial periods derived from the stable isotope profile. The consistency between stable isotope-derived temperature and other environmental and climatic proxies measured along the EDC ice core is analysed at the orbital scale and compared with estimates of global ice volume. MIS 2,12 and 16 appear as the strongest glacial maxima, while MIS 5.5 and 11 appear as the warmest interglacial maxima. The links between EDC temperature, global temperature, local and global radiative forcings are analysed. We show: (i) a strong but changing link between EDC temperature and greenhouse gas global radiative forcing in the first and second part of the record; (ii) a large residual signature of obliquity in EDC temperature with a 5 ky lag; (iii) the exceptional character of temperature variations within interglacial periods. Focusing on MIS 5.5, the warmest interglacial of EDC record, we show that orbitally forced coupled climate models only Simulate a precession-induced shift of the Antarctic seasonal cycle of temperature. While they do capture annually persistent Greenland warmth, models fail to capture the warming indicated by Antarctic ice core delta D. We suggest that the model-data mismatch may result from the lack of feedbacks between ice sheets and climate including both local Antarctic effects due to changes in ice sheet topography and global effects due to meltwater-thermohaline circulation interplays. An MIS 5.5 sensitivity study conducted with interactive Greenland melt indeed induces a slight Antarctic warming. We suggest that interglacial EDC optima are caused by transient heat transport redistribution comparable with glacial north-south seesaw abrupt climatic changes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Programme |
458 |
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Pergamon-Elsevier |
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ISSN |
0277-3791 |
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yes |
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Serial |
1987 |
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Author |
Petkov, B.; Vitale, V.; Tomasi, C.; Bonaf, U.; Scaglione, S.; Flori, D.; Santaguida, R.; Gausa, M.; Hansen, G.; Colombo, T. |
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Title |
Narrowband filter radiometer for ground-based measurements of global ultraviolet solar irradiance and total ozone |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Applied optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
18 |
Pages |
4383-4395 |
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Keywords |
Atmospheric optics; Ozone; Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1176 |
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Publisher |
OSA |
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ISSN |
0003-6935 |
ISBN |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5517 |
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Author |
Dobson F Stephen, Jouventin Pierre, |
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Title |
The trade-off of reproduction and survival in slow-breeding seabirds
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Can. J. Zool. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Can. J. Zool. |
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Volume |
88 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
889-899 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Le compromis entre la reproduction et la survie est l’un des aspects empiriques les plus cohérents de la diversification des cycles biologiques. Une explication de ce patron interspécifique est l’évolution de différences dans l’équilibre entre les allocations à la reproduction par rapport au maintien individuel et à la survie. On s’attend, cependant, à ce que le même patron soit simplement dû à des différences de taille corporelle entre les espèces. Nous testons ces explications de rechange à l’aide de données originales sur 44 espèces d’albatros et de pétrels, des oiseaux marins à grande longévité et à reproduction très étalée. Une fois retirés les effets de la taille et de la phylogénie par des techniques de régression, il existe un important compromis entre la reproduction annuelle et la survie. Il y a aussi des compromis significatifs entre nos mesures de l’effort reproductif et l’âge à la maturité et ce dernier est fortement associé à la survie. Le taux d’alimentation des petits, le succès de l’envol des petits et la production annuelle de petits sont aussi associés de manière significative. En somme, une fois les effets de la taille retirés, il existe un compromis significatif entre la reproduction et la survie, malgré le fait que ces oiseaux longévifs pondent une seul œuf à la fois. Notre examen du patron entre les traits du cycle biologiques de ces oiseaux à reproduction étalée et notre étude de leur écologie alimentaire pélagique viennent renforcer l’explication évolutive de l’existence d’un compromis entre la reproduction et la survie. |
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354 |
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Publisher |
NRC Research Press |
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ISSN |
0008-4301 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3038 |
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Author |
de Dinechin Marc, Dobson F Stephen, Zehtindjiev Pavel, Metcheva Roumiana, Couchoux Charline, Martin Alice, Quillfeldt Petra, Jouventin Pierre, |
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Title |
The biogeography of Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua)
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Can. J. Zool. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
90 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
352-360 |
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Abstract |
Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua (J.R. Forster 1781)) are defined morphologically as a single species with a northern and southern subspecies. Differences in nuptial displays and particularly mating calls, however, suggest isolation among island archipelagos of different ocean basins. We thus asked whether genetic divergence of populations could be confirmed using molecular markers. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from a sample of 110 Gentoo Penguins and 58 haplotypes from the control region of the mitochondrial DNA. Reanalyses of historical data on morphology were conducted to construct additional phylogenetic trees for comparison. In agreement with differences in mating calls, the phylogenetic tree that was based on mitochondrial DNA showed a deep division between populations in the Indian and Atlantic oceans. The current systematic division into two subspecies based on morphology was not supported. The division between populations in the Indian and Atlantic oceans was great enough to justify taxonomic revision, with at least three distinct clades: two in the respective sub-Antarctic and Antarctic zones of the Atlantic Ocean, and a deeply divergent and unnamed third clade in the sub-Antarctic Indian Ocean. In contrast to more pelagic species like Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome (J.R. Forster, 1781)), the restricted coastal foraging ranges of Gentoo Penguins and the distances among isolated oceanic archipelagos could explain the distribution of genetically differentiated populations. |
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Programme |
354 |
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NRC Research Press |
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0008-4301 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3991 |
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Author |
Tremblay Sylvain, Bhiry Najat, Lavoie Martin, |
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Title |
Long-term dynamics of a palsa in the sporadic permafrost zone of northwestern Quebec (Canada)
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Can. J. Earth Sci. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
500-509 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1080 |
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Publisher |
NRC Research Press |
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ISSN |
0008-4077 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5559 |
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