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Author |
Hubert Guillaume, Cheminet Adrien, |
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Title |
Radiation Effects Investigations Based on Atmospheric Radiation Model (ATMORAD) Considering GEANT4 Simulations of Extensive Air Showers and Solar Modulation Potential.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Radiation research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Radiat. Res. |
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Volume |
184 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
83-94 |
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Keywords |
Atmosphere, Computer Simulation, Cosmic Radiation, Models, Theoretical, Neutrons, Solar Activity, |
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Abstract |
The natural radiative atmospheric environment is composed of secondary cosmic rays produced when primary cosmic rays hit the atmosphere. Understanding atmospheric radiations and their dynamics is essential for evaluating single event effects, so that radiation risks in aviation and the space environment (space weather) can be assessed. In this article, we present an atmospheric radiation model, named ATMORAD (Atmospheric Radiation), which is based on GEANT4 simulations of extensive air showers according to primary spectra that depend only on the solar modulation potential (force-field approximation). Based on neutron spectrometry, solar modulation potential can be deduced using neutron spectrometer measurements and ATMORAD. Some comparisons between our methodology and standard approaches or measurements are also discussed. This work demonstrates the potential for using simulations of extensive air showers and neutron spectroscopy to monitor solar activity.
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1112 |
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The Radiation Research Society |
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0033-7587 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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6201 |
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Author |
Sanguino Laura, Franqueville Laure, Vogel Timothy M, Larose Catherine, |
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Title |
Linking environmental prokaryotic viruses and their host through CRISPRs.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
FEMS microbiology ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
fiv046-fiv046 |
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Keywords |
Arctic Regions, Bacteria, Bacteria: genetics, Bacteria: isolation & purification, Bacteria: virology, Bacteriophages, Bacteriophages: genetics, Base Sequence, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic, Computational Biology, Ecosystem, Environment, Genome, Bacterial, Genome, Bacterial: genetics, Ice Cover, Ice Cover: microbiology, Ice Cover: virology, Metagenome, Metagenomics, Norway, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S: genetics, Soil Microbiology, Virus Physiological Phenomena, Virus Physiological Phenomena: genetics, |
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Abstract |
The ecological pressure that viruses place on microbial communities is not only based on predation, but also on gene transfer. In order to determine the potential impact of viruses and transduction, we need a better understanding of the dynamics of interactions between viruses and their hosts in the environment. Data on environmental viruses are scarce, and methods for tracking their interactions with prokaryotes are needed. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), which contain viral sequences in bacterial genomes, might help document the history of virus-host interactions in the environment. In this study, a bioinformatics network linking viruses and their hosts using CRISPR sequences obtained from metagenomic data was developed and applied to metagenomes from Arctic glacial ice and soil. The application of our network approach showed that putative interactions were more commonly detected in the ice samples than the soil which would be consistent with the ice viral-bacterial interactions being more dynamic than those in soil. Further analysis of the viral sequences in the CRISPRs indicated that Ralstonia phages might be agents of transduction in the Arctic glacial ice.
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399 |
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The Oxford University Press |
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yes |
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6072 |
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Author |
Cottin Manuelle, Kato Akiko, Thierry Anne-Mathilde, Maho Yvon Le, Raclot Thierry, Ropert-Coudert Yan, |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ornithological Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ornithol Sci |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-11 |
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Abstract |
The amount of energy that organisms can allocate to self-maintenance and/or reproduction largely depends on their foraging strategies. Because of corticosterone (CORT) involvement in the control of energy metabolism, food intake and locomotor activity, recent studies have sought to demonstrate the role of this hormone in foraging decisions and performance. Moreover, considerable recent advances in animal-attached loggers now allow the study of behaviour in free-living animals. In order to assess the effects of CORT administration on the foraging behaviour of free-living Adelie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae, we studied a group with CORT implants and a control group without CORT implants, by attaching time-depth recorders to the two groups and monitoring them throughout up to seven consecutive foraging trips during the guard stage (in Adelie Land, Antarctica). We found that foraging trips duration was similar between both groups. Dive durations, time spent at the bottom phase of dives, and the number of undulations per dive of CORT-implanted birds were all significantly higher than those of controls. However, CORT-implanted birds performed fewer dives overall (ca. 4,400) than controls (ca. 6,250) and spent many (13 and 6 times for penguins #3 and #4, respectively) long periods (>3 h) without diving. The low foraging effort and long resting periods support the view that CORT-implanted birds probably gained less energy than did the control birds. CORT treatment appears then to result in redirecting bird behaviour from costly activity (i.e. reproduction) to a behaviour promoting the preservation of energy reserves. Future studies are therefore needed to assess body condition and reproductive success of CORT-manipulated birds in parallel with the recording of their diving performances. |
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137 |
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The Ornithological Society of Japan |
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ISSN |
1347-0558 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3624 |
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Title |
Do Introduced Mammals Chronically Impact the Breeding Success of the World's Rarest Albatross?
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Ornithological Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ornithol Sci |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
41-46 |
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109 |
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The Ornithological Society of Japan |
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ISSN |
1347-0558 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5115 |
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Author |
Casula, G.; Danesi, S.; Dubbini, M.; Vittuari, L. |
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Title |
Tidal forcing on David Glacier and Drygalski Ice Tongue |
Type |
Conference - International - Article without Reading Comitee |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
10th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Science |
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Keywords |
Antarctica; David Glacier; Tidal force; Geodetic observations; Seismicity |
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Abstract |
During the 2005-06 Austral Summer, we carried out a joint observational campaign in the area of the David Glacier, South Victoria Land, with the aim of collecting simultaneous time series of geodetic and seismological data. We installed 7 temporary seismographic stations on rock outcrops surrounding the glacier and 3 temporary geodetic stations both on flowing ice and on rock. The seismic network registered a significant low-energy seismic activity, principally originated by ice creeping and basal stress at the interface between the ice and the bedrock. The geodetic stations allowed us to survey the glacier kinematics forced by the Ross Sea tides, and to infer the grounding line location. Here we show some details about data analysis and preliminary results. |
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906 |
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The National Academy Press, Washington DC |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5496 |
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Author |
Reichert S, Rojas E R, Zahn S, Robin J-P, Criscuolo F, Massemin S, |
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Title |
Maternal telomere length inheritance in the king penguin
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
HEREDITY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
114 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
10-16 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Telomeres are emerging as a biomarker for ageing and survival, and are likely important in shaping life-history trade-offs. In particular, telomere length with which one starts in life has been linked to lifelong survival, suggesting that early telomere dynamics are somehow related to life-history trajectories. This result highlights the importance of determining the extent to which telomere length is inherited, as a crucial factor determining early life telomere length. Given the scarcity of species for which telomere length inheritance has been studied, it is pressing to assess the generality of telomere length inheritance patterns. Further, information on how this pattern changes over the course of growth in individuals living under natural conditions should provide some insight on the extent to which environmental constraints also shape telomere dynamics. To fill this gap partly, we followed telomere inheritance in a population of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus). We tested for paternal and maternal influence on chick initial telomere length (10 days old after hatching), and how these relationships changed with chick age (at 70, 200 and 300 days old). Based on a correlative approach, offspring telomere length was positively associated with maternal telomere length early in life (at 10 days old). However, this relationship was not significant at older ages. These data suggest that telomere length in birds is maternally inherited. Nonetheless, the influence of environmental conditions during growth remained an important factor shaping telomere length, as the maternal link disappeared with chicks/' age. |
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119 |
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Publisher |
The Genetics Society |
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ISSN |
0018-067X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5670 |
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Author |
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Title |
First Report of Nasturtium as a Natural Host of Cherry leaf roll virus on Amsterdam Island
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
PLANT DISEASE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Dis. |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
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Pages |
477 |
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Abstract |
Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) is a well-known virus belonging to the genus Nepovirus, but unlike most members of this genus, it is not known to be transmitted by nematodes but only through seeds and pollen. Since its first description in 1955 on Prunus avium L. in England (1), CLRV has been shown to have a worldwide distribution and a wide natural host range. During a survey of plant viruses in the French sub-Antarctic islands, samples from nasturtium plants (Tropaeolum majus), an introduced plant species, showing symptoms of leaf mosaic, deformation, and veinal necrosis were collected on Amsterdam Island. Upon mechanical transmission with sap extracts, necrotic ringspot and oak-leaf symptoms typical of Nepovirus infection were observed on the leaves of inoculated Nicotiana clevelandii and N. tabacum plants. Inoculation of healthy nasturtium plants resulted in mosaic and pin-point necrosis symptoms. Electron microscopy on negatively stained sap extracts revealed the presence of icosahedral virions, 28 to ...
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Programme |
136 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
The American Phytopathological Society |
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ISSN |
0191-2917 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2661 |
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Title |
Symmetry of black wingtips is related to clutch size and integument coloration in Black-legged Kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla )
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
The Auk |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
130 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
541-547 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Fluctuating asymmetry has been suggested to be a phenotypic marker of developmental stability and is often seen as an indicator of overall quality. However, its role in sexual selection has been debated. To determine the potential role of black wingtip asymmetry in sexual selection in Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), we investigated whether symmetry was correlated with reproductive success and integument coloration, a trait probably sexually selected in this species. We found that, in males, asymmetry was associated with low clutch size and brood size but was independent of fledging success, which suggests that wingtip symmetry may reflect fertility in males. Asymmetry of black wingtip was also associated with duller integument, which emphasizes the potential importance of integument color in indicating individual quality. Further studies are needed to determine whether Black-legged Kittiwakes can discriminate between asymmetric and symmetric birds and use it as a cue in mate choice or intrasexual competition.
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Programme |
1162 |
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Publisher |
The American Ornithologists' Union |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5744 |
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Author |
Falk-Petersen Stig, Mayzaud Patrick, Kattner Gerhard, Sargent John, |
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Title |
Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Marine Biology Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Biol. Res. |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
18 -39 |
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Keywords |
Arctic, BARENTS-SEA, Calanus, EGG-PRODUCTION, fatty acids, FRAM STRAIT, GREENLAND SEA, HERBIVOROUS COPEPODS, life strategy, lipids, MARGINAL ICE-ZONE, NORTH-ATLANTIC, trophic markers, VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION, WAX ESTERS, WEST GREENLAND, |
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Abstract |
The three Arctic Calanus species, C. finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1765), C. glacialis (Jaschov, 1955), and C. hyperboreus, are the most important herbivores in Arctic seas in terms of species biomass. They play a key role in the lipid-based energy flux in the Arctic, converting low-energy carbohydrates and proteins in ice algae and phytoplankton into high-energy wax esters. In this paper we review the over-wintering strategy, seasonal migration, stage development, life span, feeding strategy, body size, lipid biochemistry and the geographic distribution of the three dominant Calanus species in Arctic waters. We then relate these parameters to other biotic and abiotic factors, such as the timing of the Arctic phytoplankton and ice algae bloom, sea ice cover and climate variability. We also present new data on fatty acid and fatty alcohol content in the three Calanus species in addition to reviewing the available literature on these topics. These data are analysed for species homogeneity and geographic grouping. The dominance of diatom fatty acid trophic markers in the lipids of Calanus underpins the importance of diatoms as Arctic primary producers, even if dinoflagellates and Phaeocystis pouchetii can also be important food sources for the calanoid copepods. We conclude that the Arctic Calanus species are herbivores, engineered to feed on the Arctic bloom, and that the timing of the bloom is the most important factor in determining the life strategies of the individual species.
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Programme |
455 |
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Publisher |
TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1731 |
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Author |
Falk-Petersen, S.; Mayzaud, P.; Kattner, G.; Sargent, J.R. |
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Title |
Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Marine Biology Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
18-39 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The three Arctic Calanus species, C. finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1765), C. glacialis (Jaschov, 1955), and C. hyperboreus, are the most important herbivores in Arctic seas in terms of species biomass. They play a key role in the lipid-based energy flux in the Arctic, converting low-energy carbohydrates and proteins in ice algae and phytoplankton into high-energy wax esters. In this paper we review the over-wintering strategy, seasonal migration, stage development, life span, feeding strategy, body size, lipid biochemistry and the geographic distribution of the three dominant Calanus species in Arctic waters. We then relate these parameters to other biotic and abiotic factors, such as the timing of the Arctic phytoplankton and ice algae bloom, sea ice cover and climate variability. We also present new data on fatty acid and fatty alcohol content in the three Calanus species in addition to reviewing the available literature on these topics. These data are analysed for species homogeneity and geographic grouping. The dominance of diatom fatty acid trophic markers in the lipids of Calanus underpins the importance of diatoms as Arctic primary producers, even if dinoflagellates and Phaeocystis pouchetii can also be important food sources for the calanoid copepods. We conclude that the Arctic Calanus species are herbivores, engineered to feed on the Arctic bloom, and that the timing of the bloom is the most important factor in determining the life strategies of the individual species. |
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Programme |
455 |
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Publisher |
Taylor & Francis |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1745-1000 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
6052 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
