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Author |
Crouzet N, Guillot T, Fressin F, Blazit A, the A STEP team, |
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Title |
Front- vs. back-illuminated CCD cameras for photometric surveys: a noise budget analysis
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Type |
Conference - International - Article with Reading Comitee |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Astronomische Nachrichten |
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Volume |
328 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
805 -808 |
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Keywords |
instrumentation: detectors, methods: numerica, technique: photometric, |
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Abstract |
Abstract : Exoplanetary transit and stellar oscillation surveys require a very high precision photometry. The instrumental noise has therefore to be minimized. First, we perform a semi-analytical model of different noise sources. We show that the noise due the CCD electrodes can be overcome using a Gaussian PSF (Point Spread Function) of full width half maximum larger than 1.6 pixels. We also find that for a PSF size of a few pixels, the photometric aperture has to be at least 2.5 times larger than the PSF full width half maximum. Then, we compare a front- with a back-illuminated CCD through a Monte-Carlo simulation. Both cameras give the same results for a PSF full width half maximum larger than 1.5 pixels. All these simulations are applied to the A STEP (Antarctica Search for Transiting Extrasolar Planets) project. As a result, we choose a front-illuminated camera for A STEP because of its better resolution and lower price, and we will use a PSF larger than 1.6 pixels. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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1066 |
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WILEY-VCH Verlag |
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1521-3994 |
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yes |
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1585 |
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Author |
Hemery L G, Eleaume M, Roussel V, Ameziane N, Gallut C, Steinke D, Cruaud C, Couloux- A, Wilson N G, |
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Title |
Comprehensive sampling reveals circumpolarity and sympatry in seven mitochondrial lineages of the Southern Ocean crinoid species Promachocrinus kerguelensis (Echinodermata)
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2502-2518 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica; crinoid; cryptic species; gene flow; haplotype diversity; refugia, |
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Abstract |
Sampling at appropriate spatial scales in the Southern Ocean is logistically challenging and may influence estimates of diversity by missing intermediate representatives. With the assistance of sampling efforts especially influenced by the International Polar Year 2007 similar to 2008, we gathered nearly 1500 specimens of the crinoid species Promachocrinus kerguelensis from around Antarctica. We used phylogeographic and phylogenetic tools to assess its genetic diversity, demographic history and evolutionary relationships. Six phylogroups (A similar to F) identified in an earlier study are corroborated here, with the addition of one new phylogroup (E2). All phylogroups are circumpolar, sympatric and eurybathic. The phylogeny of Promachocrinus phylogroups reveals two principal clades that may represent two different cryptic species with contrasting demographic histories. Genetic diversity indices vary dramatically within phylogroups, and within populations, suggesting multiple glacial refugia in the Southern Ocean: on the Kerguelen Plateau, in the East Weddell Sea and the South Shetland Islands (Atlantic sector), and on the East Antarctic continental shelf in the Dumont dUrville Sea and Ross Sea. The inferences of gene flow vary among the phylogroups, showing discordant spatial patterns. Phylogroup A is the only one found in the Sub-Antarctic region, although without evident connectivity between Bouvet and Kerguelen populations. The Scotia Arc region shows high levels of connectivity between populations in most of the phylogroups, and barriers to gene flow are evident in East Antarctica.
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1044 |
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WILEY-BLACKWELL |
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0962-1083 |
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yes |
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4076 |
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Author |
Lemieux Anne-Marie, Bhiry Najat, Desrosiers Pierre M, |
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Title |
The geoarchaeology and traditional knowledge of winter sod houses in eastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Low Arctic
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Geoarchaeology |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
479-500 |
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A multidisciplinary study was undertaken at the Qijurittuq Site (IbGk-3) on Drayton Island in Low-Arctic Quebec (Canada) to document the relationships between climatic, environmental, and cultural changes and the choice of Thule/Inuit dwelling style in the eastern Arctic. Several marine terraces were 14C-dated with shells in order to reconstruct the area's uplift (glacioisostatic rebound) curve. Plant macrofossil analysis of peat was conducted to reconstruct past vegetation and, indirectly, past climate. Archaeological surveys and excavations characterized the structure of subterranean sod houses at the Qijurittuq Site and were supplemented with open interviews with Inuit elders for a better understanding of site location and the use of household space. The sites selected for habitation were well-drained sandy marine terraces in a valley sheltered from prevailing winds. Sod houses were in turn made possible by the abundance of driftwood on the island and the presence of nearby peatland. Thule/Inuit people used semi-subterranean houses rather than igloos at the Qijurittuq Site during the dry, cold conditions toward the end of the Little Ice Age. Stable environmental conditions and food supply during winter possibly explain the use of those semipermanent houses on Drayton Island. However, it does not exclude the use of igloos during short expeditions on ice. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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1080 |
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Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company |
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1520-6548 |
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yes |
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2057 |
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Todisco Dominique, Bhiry Najat, Desrosiers Pierre M, |
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Title |
Paleoeskimo site taphonomy: An assessment of the integrity of the Tayara site, Qikirtaq Island, Nunavik, Canada
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Geoarchaeology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
743-791 |
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Abstract |
A detailed taphonomic study was undertaken at the Tayara site in order to determine the impact of natural processes such as surface water flow on spatial patterning and site formation. The study focused on Paleoeskimo level II, which contains many lithics and significant faunal remains. Level II integrity was assessed through spatial analysis and by examining the size distribution of lithic artifacts and bone orientation. Experimental knapping aimed at replicating Paleoeskimo lithic technology was used to assess the possible size sorting of lithics. The study indicates that artifact burial by water-laid sediments did not result in a selective impoverishment in small-sized lithics. Statistically significant lithic concentrations and associations suggest that spatial distribution was not significantly modified by site formation processes. However, slight post-depositional changes were presumably induced by water flows in the form of statistically significant horizontal bone reorientations. These occurred when gently flowing water inundated bone accumulations without inducing significant washing or sorting of smaller lithic debris. The spatial integrity evaluation of the level II assemblage reveals a low degree of spatial disturbance and disorganization of the material (i.e., limited entropy), which is likely related to low-energy hydraulic forces and rapid burial soon after Paleoeskimo occupation. The grouping and deposition of much of the occupation debris is likely the result of Paleoeskimo activities (e.g., knapping and butchering), and the lithics and fauna specimens are probably at or very near their original location. These results show the behavioral significance of the grouping and deposition of debris in Tayara's level II. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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1080 |
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Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company |
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1520-6548 |
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yes |
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2696 |
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Author |
White J, Mirleau P, Danchin E, Mulard H, Hatch SA, Heeb P, Wagner RH, |
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Title |
Sexually transmitted bacteria affect female cloacal assemblages in a wild bird
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Ecology letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
1461-023X |
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12 |
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Pages |
1515-1524 |
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1162 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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ISSN |
1461-0248 |
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yes |
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3114 |
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Author |
Portugal Steven J, Green Jonathan A, Halsey Lewis G, Arnold Walter, Careau Vincent, Dann Peter, Frappell Peter B, Grémillet David, Handrich Yves, Martin Graham R, Ruf Thomas, Guillemette Magella M, Butler Patrick J, |
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Title |
Associations between Resting, Activity, and Daily Metabolic Rate in Free-Living Endotherms: No Universal Rule in Birds and Mammals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
1522-2152 |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
251-261 |
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Abstract |
Energy management models provide theories and predictions for how animals manage their energy budgets within their energetic constraints, in terms of their resting metabolic rate (RMR) and daily energy expenditure (DEE). Thus, uncovering what associations exist between DEE and RMR is key to testing these models. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in the relationship between DEE and RMR at both inter- and intraspecific levels. Interpretation of the evidence for particular energy management models is enhanced by also considering the energy spent specifically on costly activities (activity energy expenditure [AEE] = DEE ? RMR). However, to date there have been few intraspecific studies investigating such patterns. Our aim was to determine whether there is a generality of intraspecific relationships among RMR, DEE, and AEE using long-term data sets for bird and mammal species. For mammals, we use minimum heart rate (fH), mean fH, and activity fH as qualitative proxies for RMR, DEE, and AEE, respectively. For the birds, we take advantage of calibration equations to convert fH into rate of oxygen consumption in order to provide quantitative proxies for RMR, DEE, and AEE. For all 11 species, the DEE proxy was significantly positively correlated with the RMR proxy. There was also evidence of a significant positive correlation between AEE and RMR in all four mammal species but only in some of the bird species. Our results indicate there is no universal rule for birds and mammals governing the relationships among RMR, AEE, and DEE. Furthermore, they suggest that birds tend to have a different strategy for managing their energy budgets from those of mammals and that there are also differences in strategy between bird species. Future work in laboratory settings or highly controlled field settings can tease out the environmental and physiological processes contributing to variation in energy management strategies exhibited by different species. |
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388 |
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The University of Chicago Press |
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1522-2152 |
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yes |
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6214 |
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Author |
Jaouen Klervia, Gibert Morgane, Lamboux Aline, Telouk Philippe, Fourel Francois, Albarede Francis, Alekseev Anatoly N, Crubezy Eric, Balter Vincent, |
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Title |
Is aging recorded in blood Cu and Zn isotope compositions?
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Metallomics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1016-1024 |
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Abstract |
Recent isotopic observations of animal samples indicate body accumulation of heavy zinc and light copper throughout life. This hypothesis has never been tested for humans, but the existence of a relationship between blood isotopic composition and age could be promising for age assessment methodologies. Dietary habits can also influence the blood zinc isotope composition, being an additional source of isotopic variation. In order to reduce this putative source of variation, we selected a population living in an isolated area (Sakha Republic, Russia) where diverse foods are of limited availability. We sampled blood from 8 male and 31 female Yakut volunteers between the ages of 18 and 74. Zinc, iron and copper were purified by liquid chromatography on ion exchange resin and their stable isotope ratios were measured using multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. According to observations of animal samples, the 66Zn/64Zn ratio increases with age. We also observe that the 65Cu/63Cu ratio decreases with age, whereas iron isotopic compositions are unrelated to age. The copper and zinc isotope compositions of the Yakut's blood are significantly lighter and heavier, respectively, than in samples of European and Japanese populations. The Yakut is a circumpolar population in which individuals have an elevated basal metabolic rate in response to cold stress. This elevated basal metabolic rate could enhance copper and zinc isotopic fractionation by accelerating the turnover of the copper and zinc stores.
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1038 |
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The Royal Society of Chemistry |
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ISSN |
1756-5901 |
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yes |
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4693 |
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Author |
Cherel Y, Kernaléguen L, Richard P, Guinet C, |
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Title |
Whisker isotopic signature depicts migration patterns and multi-year intra- and inter-individual foraging strategies in fur seals Whisker isotopic signature depicts migration patterns and multi-year intra- and inter-individual foraging strategies in fur s
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
111 |
Issue |
September |
Pages |
830 -832 |
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Keywords |
2004, 2009, bearhop et al, d 13 c, d 15 n, individual levels, individual specialization, newsome et al, nitrogen, otariid, southern ocean, stable carbon, stable isotopes, |
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Abstract |
The movement and dietary history of individuals can be studied using stable isotope records in archival keratinous tissues. Here, we present a chronology of temporally fine-scale data on the trophic niche of otariid seals by measuring the isotopic signature of serially sampled whiskers. Whiskers of male Antarctic fur seals breeding at the Crozet Islands showed synchronous and regular oscillations in both their delta(13)C and delta(15)N values that are likely to represent their annual migrations over the long term (mean 4.8 years). At the population level, male Antarctic fur seals showed substantial variation in both delta(13)C and delta(15)N values, occupying nearly all the 'isotopic space' created by the diversity of potential oceanic habitats (from high Antarctica to the subtropics) and prey (from Antarctic krill to subantarctic and subtropical mesopelagic fishes). At the individual level, whisker isotopic signatures depict a large diversity of foraging strategies. Some seals remained in either subantarctic or Antarctic waters, while the migratory cycle of most animals encompassed a wide latitudinal gradient where they fed on different prey. The isotopic signature of whiskers, therefore, revealed new multi-year foraging strategies of male Antarctic fur seals and is a powerful tool for investigating the ecological niche during cryptic stages of mammals' life.
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109 |
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The Royal Society |
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1644-7700 |
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yes |
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1936 |
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Barbraud Christophe, Delord Karine, Weimerskirch Henri, |
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Title |
Extreme ecological response of a seabird community to unprecedented sea ice cover.
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Royal Society open science |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
140456-140456 |
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Abstract |
Climate change has been predicted to reduce Antarctic sea ice but, instead, sea ice surrounding Antarctica has expanded over the past 30 years, albeit with contrasted regional changes. Here we report a recent extreme event in sea ice conditions in East Antarctica and investigate its consequences on a seabird community. In early 2014, the Dumont d'Urville Sea experienced the highest magnitude sea ice cover (76.8%) event on record (1982-2013: range 11.3-65.3%; mean±95% confidence interval: 27.7% (23.1-32.2%)). Catastrophic effects were detected in the breeding output of all sympatric seabird species, with a total failure for two species. These results provide a new view crucial to predictive models of species abundance and distribution as to how extreme sea ice events might impact an entire community of top predators in polar marine ecosystems in a context of expanding sea ice in eastern Antarctica.
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109 |
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The Royal Society |
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ISSN |
2054-5703 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6187 |
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Author |
Dietz Lars, Arango Claudia P, Dömel Jana S, Halanych Kenneth M, Harder Avril M, Held Christoph, Mahon Andrew R, Mayer Christoph, Melzer Roland R, Rouse Greg W, Weis Andrea, Wilson Nerida G, Leese Florian, |
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Title |
Regional differentiation and extensive hybridization between mitochondrial clades of the Southern Ocean giant sea spider Colossendeis megalonyx.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Royal Society open science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
140424-140424 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Assessing the enormous diversity of Southern Ocean benthic species and their evolutionary histories is a central task in the era of global climate change. Based on mitochondrial markers, it was recently suggested that the circumpolar giant sea spider Colossendeis megalonyx comprises a complex of at least six cryptic species with mostly small and non-overlapping distribution ranges. Here, we expand the sampling to include over 500 mitochondrial COI sequences of specimens from around the Antarctic. Using multiple species delimitation approaches, the number of distinct mitochondrial OTUs increased from six to 15-20 with our larger dataset. In contrast to earlier studies, many of these clades show almost circumpolar distributions. Additionally, analysis of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region for a subset of these specimens showed incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial results. These mito-nuclear discordances suggest that several of the divergent mitochondrial lineages can hybridize and should not be interpreted as cryptic species. Our results suggest survival of C. megalonyx during Pleistocene glaciations in multiple refugia, some of them probably located on the Antarctic shelf, and emphasize the importance of multi-gene datasets to detect the presence of cryptic species, rather than their inference based on mitochondrial data alone.
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1124 |
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The Royal Society |
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2054-5703 |
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yes |
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6198 |
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